migration and development katleen félix, m.sc. project director and diaspora liaison fonkoze, chair...
TRANSCRIPT
migration and developmentmigration and development
Katleen FKatleen Félix, M.Sc.élix, M.Sc.
Project Director and Diaspora liaison Fonkoze, Project Director and Diaspora liaison Fonkoze, Chair of Haitian Hometown Associations Resource Group,Chair of Haitian Hometown Associations Resource Group,
Focal March 29th 2010Focal March 29th 2010
Presentation overviewPresentation overview
• Context:Context:– Haitian Migration and remittance (some Haitian Migration and remittance (some
historic data)historic data)– Who I am? Who I am? – About FonkozeAbout Fonkoze
• Experience:Experience:– Haitian Diaspora (migrants) and development Haitian Diaspora (migrants) and development – Canada and USACanada and USA
• How to make it optimal?How to make it optimal?
Q & AQ & A
Migration of Haitians 18th thru Migration of Haitians 18th thru 21st century21st century
Period/Period/WavesWaves
Socio-Political Socio-Political ContextContext
Emigrants Emigrants ProfileProfile
DestinationDestination
1791-18101791-1810 Revolutionary war and Revolutionary war and post independencepost independence
Mulatoes, White Mulatoes, White French, limited blacksFrench, limited blacks
US: Philadelphia, US: Philadelphia, Baltimore, Savannah, Baltimore, Savannah, New Orleans, NYNew Orleans, NY
1915-19341915-1934 US Occupation of HaitiUS Occupation of Haiti Intellectual Elites, Intellectual Elites, BlacksBlacks
Dominican Republic, Dominican Republic, CubaCuba
1934-19501934-1950 Search for better Search for better EducationEducation
Upper Middle ClassUpper Middle Class France, Canada, AfricaFrance, Canada, Africa
1957-19631957-1963 Francois Duvalier (Papa Francois Duvalier (Papa Duck) elected President of Duck) elected President of HaitiHaiti
Politicians, Politicians, professionals, educated professionals, educated elite, upper Middle elite, upper Middle ClassClass
Africa, France, CanadaAfrica, France, Canada
1964-19711964-1971 Francois Duvalier is self-Francois Duvalier is self-proclaimed President for proclaimed President for lifelife
Black Middle Class and Black Middle Class and politicianspoliticians
Africa, France, Canada, Africa, France, Canada, USUS
1971-19861971-1986 Jean-Claude Duvalier Jean-Claude Duvalier (Baby Duck) is named to (Baby Duck) is named to rule as successor Pres.rule as successor Pres.
Massive emigration of Massive emigration of Middle Class and lower Middle Class and lower classclass
US (southern state and US (southern state and Florida), Venezuela, the Florida), Venezuela, the Bahamas, Dominican Bahamas, Dominican Republic and Canada.Republic and Canada.
2001-20042001-2004 Aristide overthrown by the Aristide overthrown by the militarymilitary
Massive emigration of Massive emigration of Middle Class and lower Middle Class and lower classclass
US and CanadaUS and Canada
Reference: “The legitimacy of the Haitian Diaspora” by Linda Cesar, President The Edge Worldwide
Who I am?Who I am?• I was born and raised in MontrealI was born and raised in Montreal• My parents are Haitian professionals who left My parents are Haitian professionals who left
Haiti in the late 60’s Haiti in the late 60’s • I have been exposed and involved Cooperatives, I have been exposed and involved Cooperatives,
Faith based organizations. Haitian Associations, Faith based organizations. Haitian Associations, Entrepreneurs and “Migrant-entrepreneurs” in Entrepreneurs and “Migrant-entrepreneurs” in Montreal and Brooklyn NY Montreal and Brooklyn NY
• BAA and M.Sc. from HEC MontrealBAA and M.Sc. from HEC Montreal• Corporate Finance experience (for more then 10 Corporate Finance experience (for more then 10
years) in Canada (Montreal) and in the US (NY years) in Canada (Montreal) and in the US (NY Wall Street) Wall Street)
• In November 2006 I met Fonkoze at the Micro In November 2006 I met Fonkoze at the Micro credit Summit in Halifaxcredit Summit in Halifax
About FonkozeAbout FonkozeFounded in 1994 Fonkoze is a MFI who targets the rural Founded in 1994 Fonkoze is a MFI who targets the rural
poor, wherever they are in Haiti:poor, wherever they are in Haiti:42 branches, in all departments of the country42 branches, in all departments of the countryOver 2,000 credit and education centersOver 2,000 credit and education centers99% of our clients are women99% of our clients are women
MissionMission Provide Haiti’s poor with the financial and educational Provide Haiti’s poor with the financial and educational
services they need to make their way out of poverty; services they need to make their way out of poverty; Eliminate in Haiti the type of extreme poverty that Eliminate in Haiti the type of extreme poverty that
leaves families without hope by replicating proven leaves families without hope by replicating proven models; models;
Reverse the decline in Haiti’s economy by empowering Reverse the decline in Haiti’s economy by empowering families to engage in sustainable economic families to engage in sustainable economic developmentdevelopment
What I am working on with What I am working on with Fonkoze and the HHTAs?Fonkoze and the HHTAs?
• Zafen.orgZafen.org• Visa Prepaid Card Visa Prepaid Card • Open dialogue with the Haitian Diaspora and Open dialogue with the Haitian Diaspora and
promotion of Fonkoze financial productspromotion of Fonkoze financial products– Launch of Fonkoze Prepaid Debit card in the USA (IFADIDB)Launch of Fonkoze Prepaid Debit card in the USA (IFADIDB)– Services of Payroll, Investment accounts, Business Services of Payroll, Investment accounts, Business
Development*Development*• Diaspora Investment fund (HHTARG and IAF)Diaspora Investment fund (HHTARG and IAF)• 3rd edtion of Haitian Hometown Associations 3rd edtion of Haitian Hometown Associations
(Canada, USA & Europe)(Canada, USA & Europe)FutureFuture• Database of successful projects using Zafen and Database of successful projects using Zafen and
micro-franchise mechanismmicro-franchise mechanism• Access to Needs Assessments and information about Access to Needs Assessments and information about
existing programs through websiteexisting programs through website
About FonkozeAbout FonkozeThrough this infrastructure we offer a full Through this infrastructure we offer a full
range of financial services:range of financial services:200,000 savers200,000 savers45,000 borrowers* 45,000 borrowers* Micro-Insurance (AIC)Micro-Insurance (AIC)Currency Exchange: Currency Exchange: Remittances (individual and Collective)Remittances (individual and Collective)We also offer extensive literacy & education servicesWe also offer extensive literacy & education servicesBasic literacyBasic literacyBusiness skillsBusiness skillsSexual and Reproductive HealthSexual and Reproductive HealthEnvironmental Protection and Human RightsEnvironmental Protection and Human Rights
About FonkozeAbout Fonkoze Regardless of where our clients start, Fonkoze offers them a range of services to keep them on the ladder. We cannot make the climb for them but we can accompany clients to keep them from falling off.
Haitian Diaspora and Development Haitian Diaspora and Development experience ?experience ?
Migrants can and had contributed to Migrants can and had contributed to development:development:
– Case of Quebec and the Haitian professionals Case of Quebec and the Haitian professionals From 1960 to now (Haitian Professionals From 1960 to now (Haitian Professionals
significantly contribute to Quebec development)significantly contribute to Quebec development)
– Book: “Book: “Contribution des Haïtiens à Contribution des Haïtiens à l’édification du Québec moderne : Ces l’édification du Québec moderne : Ces Québécois venus d'HaïtiQuébécois venus d'Haïti”, ”, Édité par Dr. Édité par Dr. Samuel Pierre – Association des Ingénieurs Samuel Pierre – Association des Ingénieurs Haitiano-Canadien (AIHC)Haitiano-Canadien (AIHC) www.polymtl.ca/carrefour/article.php?no=2557
What about Haiti?What about Haiti?Can the Diaspora can have a positive and active Can the Diaspora can have a positive and active
impact? impact? Yes various cases from the Haitian Diaspora confirmed this Yes various cases from the Haitian Diaspora confirmed this
assumptionassumption– Haitian Hometown Associations (HHTAs) work in Haitian Hometown Associations (HHTAs) work in
Education, Heath, and productive activities (small scale Education, Heath, and productive activities (small scale projects and investments)projects and investments)
– Fonkoze was founded by Father Joseph who has Fonkoze was founded by Father Joseph who has studied, worked and leaved in the USA and Canada studied, worked and leaved in the USA and Canada • 11stst loan capital was from ROCAHD loan capital was from ROCAHD• A few Diaspora are now working with Fonkoze in HaitiA few Diaspora are now working with Fonkoze in Haiti• But Fonkoze couldn’t get to this level only with the support of But Fonkoze couldn’t get to this level only with the support of
the Diaspora.the Diaspora.– Book: “Haiti’s Development, Expatriate Reconnection, Conditions Book: “Haiti’s Development, Expatriate Reconnection, Conditions
and Challenge” by Dr. Tatiana Wah, New School University NYand Challenge” by Dr. Tatiana Wah, New School University NY
– Diaspora cannot do it all but can help and support the Diaspora cannot do it all but can help and support the development processdevelopment process
My personal experience with Haitian My personal experience with Haitian Diaspora (Migrants) and Development Diaspora (Migrants) and Development
• More then 300 active HHTAs and support group More then 300 active HHTAs and support group in the US, Canada and Francein the US, Canada and France
• Existing Federations:Existing Federations:– AFHED (Boston)AFHED (Boston)– CENTRECH (Montreal)CENTRECH (Montreal)– FHARE (NY)FHARE (NY)– ROCAHD (Montreal)ROCAHD (Montreal)
• Existing departmental Associations:Existing departmental Associations:– FEDASE (South HTAs NY)FEDASE (South HTAs NY)– Nord’ Ouest Reunit (NY)Nord’ Ouest Reunit (NY)– Tourinord (NY)Tourinord (NY)
• Facilitator and HHTAs support groupFacilitator and HHTAs support group– ORAISO (NY)ORAISO (NY)– Haitian Hometown Association Resource group Haitian Hometown Association Resource group
(NY(NY, Miami and Boston), Miami and Boston)
How to make it optimal?How to make it optimal?• By Haitian with Haitian if possibleBy Haitian with Haitian if possible• Capacity building of the MHAVE (Ministère des Capacity building of the MHAVE (Ministère des
Haitiens Vivants à l’étranger)Haitiens Vivants à l’étranger)– Structured program Recruitment and Accompaniment Structured program Recruitment and Accompaniment
(short and long term assignments) – Initiative since 95 (short and long term assignments) – Initiative since 95 never fundednever funded
• Mentoring and follow up of Diaspora interventionsMentoring and follow up of Diaspora interventions• Facilitation or reintegration like housing, transportation etc Facilitation or reintegration like housing, transportation etc
– Co Development Program - Matching grant for Diaspora Co Development Program - Matching grant for Diaspora projects that are truly originated and supported by the projects that are truly originated and supported by the local community. local community.
• 3x1 discussion with Mexican cooperation3x1 discussion with Mexican cooperation– Support projects that could also be revenue generating Support projects that could also be revenue generating
for the Diaspora also while helping the local developmentfor the Diaspora also while helping the local development– Database of Diaspora resources and projectsDatabase of Diaspora resources and projects– Dual Citizenship Dual Citizenship
