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Page 1: Metoda elementelor finite. Indrumatorusers.utcluj.ro/~mnedelcu/Indrumator MEF preview.pdf · 8 7 ghvwlqdw fdofxoxoxl vwuxfwxudo sh *udghoru gh /lehudwh */ qrgdoh fduh ghylq qhfxqrvfxwhoh

Mihai Nedelcu

-

Page 2: Metoda elementelor finite. Indrumatorusers.utcluj.ro/~mnedelcu/Indrumator MEF preview.pdf · 8 7 ghvwlqdw fdofxoxoxl vwuxfwxudo sh *udghoru gh /lehudwh */ qrgdoh fduh ghylq qhfxqrvfxwhoh
Page 3: Metoda elementelor finite. Indrumatorusers.utcluj.ro/~mnedelcu/Indrumator MEF preview.pdf · 8 7 ghvwlqdw fdofxoxoxl vwuxfwxudo sh *udghoru gh /lehudwh */ qrgdoh fduh ghylq qhfxqrvfxwhoh

Cuprins

Algoritmul MEF pentru calculul structural liniar ...................................................................... 1

- ................................ 10

Lucrarea III ................................................................. 11

Lucrarea IV ............................................................................................... 18

.................................................................................................................... 18

.......................................................................................... 21

Lucrarea V Cadre plane ........................................................................................................ 29

...................................................................................................................... 29

V.2. Exemplu: cadru plan ............................................................................................................... 33

Lucrarea VI ................................................. 43

.................................................................................................................... 43

..................................................................................................... 47

Lucrarea VII utilizarea programului de calcul avansat Abaqus ............................................ 58

Bibliografie .............................................................................................................................. 60

APPENDIX ............................... 61

1. ............................................................................................................................. 61

2. Variabile ................................................................................................................................. 61

3. ctori ................................................................................................................... 62

3.1. Definirea matricelor ........................................................................................................ 62

3.2. ..................................................................... 67

3.3. ........................................................................................... 71

3.4. Manipularea matricelor ................................................................................................... 72

3.5. Operatori MATLAB........................................................................................................ 78

3.6. Calcul matriceal .............................................................................................................. 84

3.7. Prelucrarea datelor .......................................................................................................... 85

4. R ............................................................................... 89

5. ..................................................................................................... 90

6. ............................................................................................................... 95

7. Elemente de Programare MATLAB ...................................................................................... 106

7.1. ........................................................................................... 106

7.2. ............................................................................................ 107

7.3. Vectorizarea calculelor .................................................................................................. 112

Page 4: Metoda elementelor finite. Indrumatorusers.utcluj.ro/~mnedelcu/Indrumator MEF preview.pdf · 8 7 ghvwlqdw fdofxoxoxl vwuxfwxudo sh *udghoru gh /lehudwh */ qrgdoh fduh ghylq qhfxqrvfxwhoh

Algoritmul MEF pentru calculul structural liniar

Principiul Metodei Elementelor Finite (MEF) printr-

(tensiunile), sau o

Fig.

I.1 p u(x)

Fig. I.1: Bara

Fig. I.2 de lungime l noduri.

Fig. I.2

Fig. I.3 prez Ox

paralel cu sistemul global de coordonate Ox (originea O coincide cu nodul i).

Fig. I.3: Elementul Finit

Deplasarea u(x) a unui punct curent pe un EF (unde ( , )i jx x x ), se poate aproxima prin

ui uj

pO

L

x, x

u1 u2 u3 u4

l l lL

Rpl

pl2 1 2 3

1 2 3 4

plpl2

i jui uj

l

e xpl2

pl2

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1 xxU 1 2

T

destinat calculului structural.

pe Gradelor de Liberate (GL) nodale care devin necunoscutele problemei. care definesc pozi ia nodurilor

T

i ju ueU

Din Ec. (I.1) (I.4)

(I.3) (I.5) care au caracter general:

Se introduce ( )

i j

pe EF x i cu

(I.7):

(I.6).

1 1

l lB

1 2( )u x x (I.1)

1

21u x

(I.2)

xu U (I.3)

11

1 2 2

ii

j j i

uuu l u u l (I.4)

11 01

i

j

uu le eU A A U (I.5)

( ) j ii

u uu x u x

l (I.6)

11 01 11 1 i j

x xx

l ll l

x e e e eu U A U U U U (I.7)

eu U (I.8)

x

du

dx (I.9)

1 1j j iix

d u ud l

dx dx l l l le eU U (I.10)

Page 6: Metoda elementelor finite. Indrumatorusers.utcluj.ro/~mnedelcu/Indrumator MEF preview.pdf · 8 7 ghvwlqdw fdofxoxoxl vwuxfwxudo sh *udghoru gh /lehudwh */ qrgdoh fduh ghylq qhfxqrvfxwhoh

Recapitulare

vedere de ansamblu a MEF:

xu U 1eA U eu U

eBU eCBU

W L

e eu U U

T Te

V

W dV e e eU k U T

V

dVek CB

t t Te

V S

L dV dS e eX u F u U P t t

V S

dV dSeP X F

e eW L e e eP k U

Te e eU R U T

ee eP = R P Te ee ek = R k R

T

tot e1 e2 enU U U U T

tot e1 e2 enP P P P

tot

e1

e2

en

kkk

k

1 2

T

mU u u u 1 2

T

mP P P P

Ttot tot tot tot totP = L P P k U U LU

TtotP KU K L k L

redus redus liberP K U 1liber redus redusU K P

R RR K U - P

tot e tot tot e totBR U CBR U

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Lucr I - Matlab

- familiarizarea cu mediul de programare MATLAB

- definirea i manipularea matricelor i vectorilor;

- calcule cu matrice i vectori;

- rezolvarea sistemelor de liniare;

-

- i 3D;

- elemente de programare MATLAB.

Pentru MATLAB,

APPENDIX.

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Lucrarea III

Caracteristicile structurii: interval a = 1000mm, modulul lui Young E = 1000MPa, A = 100mm2 p = 1N/ mm.

% memorie clear all; %Se introduc datele de intrare: %lungimea barei [mm] lungime_bara=1000; % Ae=100; %modulul lui Young [N/mm^2] E=1000; % p=1; % nrEF=3; % nrGL_EF=2;

Page 9: Metoda elementelor finite. Indrumatorusers.utcluj.ro/~mnedelcu/Indrumator MEF preview.pdf · 8 7 ghvwlqdw fdofxoxoxl vwuxfwxudo sh *udghoru gh /lehudwh */ qrgdoh fduh ghylq qhfxqrvfxwhoh

% nrnod=nrEF+1; % nrGL=nrnod; %lungime EF l=lungime_bara/nrEF; %se matricea Elementelor Finite % M_EF=zeros(nrEF,nrGL_EF+1); % M_EF(:,1)=1:nrEF; % primul nod al EF M_EF(:,2)=1:nrEF; % al doilea nod al EF M_EF(:,3)=2:nrEF+1; %

M_GL=M_EF; %matricea de rigiditate a EF

ke=E*Ae/l*[1 -1;-1 1;]; %se matricea de localizare L

L=zeros(nrGL_EF*nrEF,nrGL); for i=1:nrEF for j=1:nrGL_EF L(j+(i-1)* nrGL_EF, M_GL(i,j+1))=1; end end

nrnod=4 nrGL=4 l=333.33

M_EF = 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

M_EF = 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 ke = 300 -300 -300 300 L = 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1

Page 10: Metoda elementelor finite. Indrumatorusers.utcluj.ro/~mnedelcu/Indrumator MEF preview.pdf · 8 7 ghvwlqdw fdofxoxoxl vwuxfwxudo sh *udghoru gh /lehudwh */ qrgdoh fduh ghylq qhfxqrvfxwhoh

%

% x=0:l:l*nrEF; % subplot(1,2,1); bar(x,U,1,'r'); axis tight; title('deplasari); % subplot(1,2,2); bar(x(1:nrEF)+l/2,sigma_ctEF,1); axis tight; title('sigma'); hold on plot(x,sigma,'color','r','Linewidth',2); axis tight; title('sigma'); legend('sigma pe EF,'sigma mediat',2); % %

Fig. III.4 nodale

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P = 1kN):

Fig. III.5: 1 bare te axial

p

L L/2 L/2

P

2L/3 L/3

P

p

p(x)=pxL

L

b)a)

d)c)

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Lucrarea IV

Fig. IV.1: Grinda cu

primul capitol

elementul finit este bara la capete Fig. IV.2 .

Fig. IV.2 - GL

l

pe baza coordonatelor nodurilor ( ,i ix y i ,j jx y

ul local Oxy al barei nu este paralel cu sistemul global Oxy ci este rotit

l barei .

3 5

1 1195 73

1 7

2 6 10

4 8

2

P1

4 6p1 p2

y

x

P2 P3

O xix j

y

x

y j

yi

2 22 1 2 1

2 1

2 1

( ) ( )

arctan

l x x y y

y y

x x

(II.1)

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Fig. IV.4). Caracteristicile structurii: interval a = 1m, modulul lui Young E = 2.1e05MPa A1 = 200mm2, aria diagonalelor A2 = 100mm2,

P = 100kN.

Fig. IV.4 Libertate

% ???

%Se introduc datele de intrare %modulul lui Young [N/mm^2] E=210000; %se introduc coordonatele nodurilor [mm] noduri=[1 0 0;2 2000 0;3 4000 0;4 6000 0;5 1000 1000;6 3000 1000;7 5000 1000;]; %ariile barelor (A1 - talpi, A2 - diagonale) [mm^2] A1=200; A2=100; %se introduce matricea Elementelor Finite %se introduc barele cu nodurile de cap t i aria fiec rei bare M_EF=[1 1 2 A1;2 2 3 A1;3 3 4 A1;4 5 6 A1;5 6 7 A1;6 1 5 A2;7 5 2 A2;8 2 6 A2;9 6 3 A2;10 3 7 A2;11 7 4 A2;]; % Pinc=[5 0 -100000;6 0 -100000;7 0 -100000;]; %se introduc nule n reazeme nodrez=[1 1 1; 4 0 1;]; %nod 1 - GL blocat, 0 - GL liber % nrGL_nod=???; % % nrnodEF=???;

A1

A2

A1

R1

R2

a a a a a a

1 2 3 4

5 6 7

P P P4 5

1 2 3

76 8 9 10 11

R3

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hold on; end %titlul figurii title('Forte axiale [kN]','FontSize',12); axis equal; % Sf r it!

Fig. IV.5

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p = 10kN/m, = C

Sap2000):

Fig. IV.6

Obs: La curs s- le

6x(2a) a a

A1

a) b)

A2

A1

2P

A1

PP

P

PP

P/2 P/22P

P P

p

3a 4x(2a)

d)c)

A1

A2

A2

A1

A2

A1

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Lucrarea V Cadre plane

, iar barele sunt supuse ,

-

Fig. V.1 ele

(barele cadrului).

Fig. V.1: Cadru plan

Fig. V.2

Fig. V.2: Elementul Finit

scrie:

Obs: (II.2) Vectorul eforturilor nodale pe EF se scrie:

P

1

2

3

p

1

2 3

4 1

1

2

x

22 3

y

yx

3

3

4

y

x

ei j

l

Ni

Mi

l

e

M jT jTi

N j

vi v j

ui u j

T

i i i j j ju v u veU (III.1)

i j

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V.2. Exemplu: cadru plan

Fig. V.4. Caracteristicile structurii: interval a = 6m, modulul lui Young E = 30000MPa cm P = 40kN

p = 20kN/m.

Fig. V.4: a) Cadru plan; b) Grade de Libertate

Fig. V.5

Fig. V.5:

% ??? %Se introduc datele de intrare %modulul lui Young [kN/m^2] E=3*10^7; %aria barelor [m^2] A=0.24; %

a

2 32

1

u6 u9

u3

a) b)

pP

R8

R1

R3R2

u5 u8

u4 u7

u2

u1 1

p=20

83pl

=45

[kN, m]

l=6

85pl

=75

8pl2

=90

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% ???

Fig. V.6:

48.72

71.28

172.32

40

7.69 7.69

[kN, m, rad]

·10-3

R

N M

48.72

71.28

48.7267.68

T

40 172.32

Page 19: Metoda elementelor finite. Indrumatorusers.utcluj.ro/~mnedelcu/Indrumator MEF preview.pdf · 8 7 ghvwlqdw fdofxoxoxl vwuxfwxudo sh *udghoru gh /lehudwh */ qrgdoh fduh ghylq qhfxqrvfxwhoh

un program de calcul comercial :

a

P

30

30

E=3·104 MPa

[cm]

[cm]

grinzi

stâlpi

a)

p

p

pP

P/2

a a

p

20

5

0.5

[cm]

[cm]

stâlpE=3.5·104 MPa

contravântuiriE=2.1·105 MPa

b)

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Lucrarea VI

-

este paralel

Fig. VI.1).

Fig. VI.1:

Tensorul tensiunilor se reduce la:

provenite din lui Hooke) se scriu:

i anume u v din planul xOy (vezi Fig. VI.2). De multe ori este

x

y

t

p(x,y)y

x

x yx

xy y (IV.1)

2

2

1

1

2(1 )

x x y

y y x

xy xy xy

E

E

EG

(IV.2)

x x

y

y

xy

xy

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p Fig. VI.3) [5]. Caracteristicile structurii: L = 1m, H = 2L, modulul lui Young E = 1000kN/m2, coeficientul lui Poison

p = 1kN/m.

Fig. VI.3:

Obs: S

Re. % ??? %Se introduc datele de intrare E=1000; %modulul lui Young [kN/m^2] miu=0.3; %coeficientul lui Poisson L=1; %lungime consol [m] H=2*L; % consol [m] t=1; %grosime consol [m] p=1; % [kN/m] nrEFx=2; % EF pe x nrEFy=2; % EF pe y nrnodEF=4; % noduri pe EF nrGL_nod=2; % GL pe nod

u17

1

2

3

4

a a

papa2

L

x

yu18

c)b)a)

p

1

2

3

4

u11

u12

u5

u6

u15

u16

u9

u10

u3

u4

u13

u14

u7

u8

u1

u2

pa2

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%a patra figur : tau_xy subplot(2,2,4); patch('Vertices',varfuri,'Faces',elemente,'FaceVertexCData',tauxy','FaceColor','interp'); title('tau_xy'); set(gca,'YDir','reverse'); axis equal tight; colorbar('location','eastoutside'); %Sf r it! %

Fig. VI.4:

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Fig. VI.5:

L/5

L

xL/5

y

L L L

b)a)

p

x

y

p p

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Bibliografie

1. Bia C., Ille V., Soare M.V., E.D.P. ,1983.

2. Avram C., Bob C., Friedrich R., Stoian V., Structuri din beton armat Metoda Elementelor

, Editura Academiei RSR, 1984.

3. Stabilitatea structurilor elastice, Editura Academiei RSR, 1975.

4. Calculul neliniar al structurilor

5.

Cluj-Napoca, 1999.

6. Metode numerice in proiectare - Metoda Elementelor Finite - Litografia UTC-

N, 1992.

7. Smith I.M., Griffiths D.V., Programming the finite element method - John Wiley, 2004.

8. Ziennkievicz O.C.,Taylor R.L., The finite element method: Ist Basis and Fundamentals -

Butterworth-Heinemann, 2005.

9. Matlab Version 7.1.0246 Documentation, The Mathwork Inc., 2005.

10. http://www.3ds.com/products-services/simulia/products/abaqus/

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APPENDIX MATLAB

1.

MATLAB MATLAB este un produs al companiei americane The

A1 MATLAB.

Fig. A1. MATLAB

Principalele ferestre ale MATLAB-ului sunt:

Current Folder (Directorul de lucru) -

Command Window (Fereastra de comenzi) permite lansarea comenzilor;

Command History (Istoria comenzilor)

Editor Matlab.

2. Variabile

MATLAB

=expresie

sau, simplificat:

expresie

Expresiile

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expresiei nu i s , rezultatul acesteia va fi atribuit variabilei ans variabila ans expresii -a atribuit un nume.

;

MATLAB-ul face

Exemple

A

3.

3.1. Definirea matricelor

MATLAB-ul este matricea. Scalarii sunt matrice de dimensiune 1x1, iar vectorii sunt matrice de dimensiune 1xn sau nx1. Elementele unei matrice pot fi numere reale, complexe sau orice expresie MATLAB.

Definirea

-

-

- MATLAB (extensie mat.);

-

La introducerea unei

-

-

-

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B) a matricei

B1) a

matricei A B2) a matricei A.

4.

n necunoscute:

unde:

-

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- matricea necunoscutelor;

- matricea termenilor liberi.

MATLAB

MATLAB

Exemplu

unde:

5.

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6.

Pentru a desc figuresintaxele:

figure

figure(h)

h = figure

clf toate elementele grafice din

clf

clf ( reset )

close

close

close(h) h

close all toate ferestrele grafice

plotdintre sintaxele:

plot(X,Y)- Y X.

X Y Y X.

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line(X, Y) X Y X Y sunt

Exemplu

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