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º··Õè Ë¹ŒÒ 9.4 àÁ·μÒâºÅÔ«ÖÁ (metabolism) .................................................................................20 9.5 ¡ÒÃ¢ÑºÍÍ¡¨Ò¡Ã‹Ò§¡ÒÂ (excretion) ....................................................................21 10 ¤ÇÒÁà»š¹¾ÔÉμ‹ÍÊÑμÇ�àÅÕéÂ§ÅÙ¡ ŒÇÂ¹Á (mammalian toxicity) .................................22 11 ¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒ¤ÇÒÁà»š¹¾ÔÉà©¾ÒÐ´ŒÒ¹ (special toxicity studies) .............................24 11.1 » Ô¡ÔÃÔÂÒ·Ò§ªÕÇà¤ÁÕ (biochemical interactions) ........................................24 11.2 ¡ÒÃà»š¹ÊÒÃ¡‹ÍÁÐàÃç§ (carcinogenicity) .........................................................24 11.3 ¡ÒÃà»š¹ÊÒÃ¡‹Íà¡Ô´¡ÒÃ¡ÅÒÂ¾Ñ¹¸Ø� (mutagenicity) .......................................25 11.4 ¡ÒÃàÊÃÔÁ¾ÔÉ/¡ÒÃμŒÒ¹¾ÔÉ (potentiation/antagonism) ..............................25 11.5 ¤ÇÒÁà»š¹¾ÔÉμ‹ÍÃÐºº»ÃÐÊÒ· (neurotoxicity) ............................................26 11.6 ¡ÒÃÃÐ¤ÒÂà¤×Í§àº×éÍ§μŒ¹ (primary irritation) ................................................27 11.7 ¼Åμ‹Í¡ÒÃ¾Ñ²¹Ò¢Í§μÑÇÍ‹Í¹ (embryotropic action) ................................27 11.8 ¤ÇÒÁà»š¹¾ÔÉμ‹ÍÀÙÁÔ¤ØŒÁ¡Ñ¹ (immunotoxicity) .................................................28 11.9 ¤ÇÒÁ¼Ô´»¡μÔμ‹Í¡ÒÃÊ×º¾Ñ¹¸Ø� (reproduction) .................................................29 11.10 ¤ÇÒÁ¼Ô´»¡μÔ·Õèà¡Ô´ã¹·ÒÃ¡ (teratogenicity) ..................................................29 11.11 ¾ÄμÔ¡ÃÃÁ (behavior) ...........................................................................................30 12 ¼Åμ‹ÍÊÔè§ÁÕªÕÇÔμã¹ÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ (effects on organisms in the environment) .......................................................31 12.1 ÊÔè§ÁÕªÕÇÔμã¹¹éíÒ (aquatic) ......................................................................................31 12.2 ÊÔè§ÁÕªÕÇÔμº¹º¡ (terrestrial) .................................................................................31 13 ¡ÒÃà¡çºμÑÇÍÂ‹Ò§ ¡ÒÃàμÃÕÂÁμÑÇÍÂ‹Ò§ áÅÐ¡ÒÃÇÔà¤ÃÒÐË � (sampling/preparation/analysis) ..................................................................................32 13.1 ¡ÒÃà¡çºμÑÇÍÂ‹Ò§ (sampling) ...............................................................................32 13.2 ¡ÒÃàμÃÕÂÁμÑÇÍÂ‹Ò§áÅÐ¡ÒÃÇÔà¤ÃÒÐË � (preparation/analysis) .................32 14 ¡ÒÃË¡Ã´ (spills) ..................................................................................................................34 14.1 ¡ÒÃË¡Ã´ ....................................................................................................................34 14.2 ¡ÒÃà¡Ô´ÍÑ¤¤ÕÀÑÂËÃ×ÍÃÐàºÔ´ .....................................................................................34 15 ¡ÒÃºíÒºÑ´àÁ×èÍà¡Ô´¾ÔÉ (treatment of poisoning) ......................................................36 15.1 ¡ÒÃ»°Á¾ÂÒºÒÅ ......................................................................................................36 15.2 ¤íÒá¹Ð¹íÒÊíÒËÃÑºá¾·Â� .........................................................................................36 16 ¡ÒÃ Ñ´¡ÒÃ¡Ò¡¢Í§àÊÕÂ (waste management) .........................................................37

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methyl methacrylate à»š¹ÇÑμ¶ØÍÑ¹μÃÒÂª¹Ô´·Õè 2 ËÁÒÂ¤ÇÒÁÇ‹Ò ÇÑμ¶ØÍÑ¹μÃÒÂ·Õè¡ÒÃ¼ÅÔμ ¡ÒÃ¹íÒà¢ŒÒ ¡ÒÃÊ‹§ÍÍ¡ ËÃ×Í¡ÒÃÁÕäÇŒã¹¤ÃÍº¤ÃÍ§ μŒÍ§á¨Œ§ãËŒ¾¹Ñ¡§Ò¹à¨ŒÒË¹ŒÒ·Õè·ÃÒº¡‹Í¹ áÅÐμŒÍ§»¯ÔºÑμÔμÒÁËÅÑ¡à¡³±�áÅÐÇÔ¸Õ¡ÒÃ·Õè¡íÒË¹´´ŒÇÂ â´Â¡ÃÁâÃ§§Ò¹ÍØμÊÒË¡ÃÃÁ ¡ÃÐ·ÃÇ§ÍØμÊÒË¡ÃÃÁ à»š¹Ë¹‹ÇÂ§Ò¹ÃÑº¼Ô´ªÍº

2 àÁ·ÔÅàÁ·Ò¤ÃÔàÅμ

1.1 ¡ÒÃº‹§ÅÑ¡É³Ð (identifi cation)(1) ª×èÍÊÒÁÑÞ methyl methacrylate

(2) CASRN (Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number) 80-62-6

(3) EINECS (European Inventory of Existing Chemical Substances) 201-297-1

(4) UN Class 3 (fl ammable liquid)

(5) UN Number 1247

(6) ª×èÍà¤ÁÕ methyl methacrylate

(7) ª×èÍÍ×è¹ acrylic acid, 2-methyl-, methyl ester methacrylic acid, methyl ester 2-(methoxycarbonyl)-1-propene methyl alpha-methylacrylate methyl methacrylate monomer methyl-2-methacrylate methyl 2-methylpropenoate methyl 2-methyl-2-propenoate 2-methyl-2-propenoic acid, methyl ester 2-propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, methyl ester

(8) ÊÙμÃâÁàÅ¡ØÅ C5H8O2

¡ÒÃº‹§ÅÑ¡É³ÐáÅÐ¤Ø³ÊÁºÑμ Ôidentifi cation and properties

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(9) ÊÙμÃâ¤Ã§ÊÃŒÒ§âÁàÅ¡ØÅ

C CH3C

H2C O

OCH3

(10) ¹éíÒË¹Ñ¡âÁàÅ¡ØÅ 100.12

(11) NFPA 704 code

32 2

(12) IMDG code

(13) conversion factor (·Õè 25« áÅÐ 760 ÁÔÅÅÔàÁμÃ»ÃÍ·) 1 ÁÔÅÅÔ¡ÃÑÁ/ÅÙ¡ºÒÈ¡�àÁμÃ = 0.244 ¾Õ¾ÕàÍçÁ 1 ¾Õ¾ÕàÍçÁ = 4.10 ÁÔÅÅÔ¡ÃÑÁ/ÅÙ¡ºÒÈ¡�àÁμÃ

1.2 ¤Ø³ÊÁºÑμÔ·Ò§à¤ÁÕáÅÐ¡ÒÂÀÒ¾ (chemical and physical properties) methyl methacrylate à»š¹¢Í§àËÅÇãÊäÁ‹ÁÕÊÕ ÁÕ¡ÅÔè¹à©¾ÒÐμÑÇ μÔ´ä¿ä Œ§‹ÒÂ (highly fl ammable) ¤Ø³ÊÁºÑμÔ·Ò§à¤ÁÕáÅÐ¡ÒÂÀÒ¾¢Í§ methyl methacrylate áÊ´§ã¹μÒÃÒ§·Õè 1


μÒÃÒ§·Õè 1 ¤Ø³ÊÁºÑμÔ·Ò§à¤ÁÕáÅÐ¡ÒÂÀÒ¾¢Í§ methyl methacrylate

¨Ø´ËÅÍÁàËÅÇ («) -47.55 Lide (2007 - 2008)¨Ø´à´×Í´ («, ·Õè 760 ÁÔÅÅÔàÁμÃ»ÃÍ·) 100.5 Lide (2007 - 2008)¨Ø´ÇÒºä¿ («) 10 NFPA (2010)ÍØ³ËÀÙÁÔμÔ´ä¿ä ŒàÍ§ («) 435 NFPA (2010)ª‹Ç§¤ÇÒÁà¢ŒÁ¢Œ¹μÔ´ä¿ä Œ (ÃŒÍÂÅÐã¹ÍÒ¡ÒÈ) 1.7 - 8.2 NFPA (2010)¤ÇÒÁ¶‹Ç§ íÒà¾ÒÐ (·Õè 25«) 0.9337 Lide (2007 - 2008)¤ÇÒÁ Ñ¹äÍ (ÁÔÅÅÔàÁμÃ»ÃÍ·, ·Õè 25«) 38.5 Daubert and Danner (1989)¤ÇÒÁË¹Òá¹‹¹äÍ (ÍÒ¡ÒÈ = 1) 3.45 Bisesi (2007)Ñª¹ÕËÑ¡àËáÊ§ (·Õè 20«) 1.4142 Lide (2007 - 2008)

¡ÒÃÅÐÅÒÂ¹éíÒ (¡ÃÑÁ/ÅÔμÃ, ·Õè 20«) 16 UNEP (2011)Henry’s law constant (·Õè 25«) (ºÃÃÂÒ¡ÒÈ ÅÙ¡ºÒÈ¡�àÁμÃ/âÁÅ) 3.2 10-4 Toxnet (2011)n-octanol-water partition coeffi cient (Kow) log Kow 1.38 Hansch et al. (1995)


methyl methacrylate ÊÒÁÒÃ¶ÃÇÁμÑÇ¡Ñ¹à»š¹ polymethyl methacrylate ¨Ö§μŒÍ§àμÔÁÊÒÃà¤ÁÕºÒ§ª¹Ô´·Õè·íÒË¹ŒÒ·Õèà»š¹μÑÇÂÑºÂÑé§ (inhibitor) àª‹¹ hydroquinone, hydroquinone methyl ether áÅÐ dimethyl tert-butylphenol à¾×èÍ»‡Í§¡Ñ¹¡ÒÃà¡Ô´â¾ÅÕàÁÍÃ � ¤ÇÒÁà¢ŒÁ¢Œ¹·ÕèãªŒà·‹Ò¡Ñº 22 - 65, 22 - 120 áÅÐ 45 - 65 ÁÔÅÅÔ¡ÃÑÁ/¡ÔâÅ¡ÃÑÁ μÒÁÅíÒ´Ñº (Toxnet, 2011) »ÃÐà·Èä·ÂÁÕ¡ÒÃ¼ÅÔμ methyl methacrylate à¾×èÍãªŒÀÒÂã¹»ÃÐà·ÈáÅÐÊ‹§ÍÍ¡ä»ÂÑ§»ÃÐà·Èμ‹Ò§ æ «Öè§Ê‹Ç¹ãËÞ‹à»š¹»ÃÐà·Èã¹·ÇÕ»àÍàªÕÂ »ÃÔÁÒ³¡ÒÃÊ‹§ÍÍ¡ÃÐËÇ‹Ò§»‚ ¾.È. 2550 - 2553 à·‹Ò¡Ñº 31,800,760; 28,093,045; 32,774,317 áÅÐ 30,305,716 ¡ÔâÅ¡ÃÑÁ μÒÁÅíÒ´Ñº ÊíÒËÃÑº»‚ ¾.È. 2554 »ÃÔÁÒ³¡ÒÃÊ‹§ÍÍ¡ÃÐËÇ‹Ò§à ×Í¹Á¡ÃÒ¤Á - à ×Í¹ÁÔ¶Ø¹ÒÂ¹ à·‹Ò¡Ñº 44,719,138 ¡ÔâÅ¡ÃÑÁ »ÃÔÁÒ³¡ÒÃÊ‹§ÍÍ¡ methyl methacrylate ÃÐËÇ‹Ò§»‚ ¾.È. 2550 - 2554 áÊ´§ã¹μÒÃÒ§·Õè 2 »ÃÐà·Èä·ÂÁÕ¹íÒ¡ÒÃà¢ŒÒ methyl methacrylate ¨Ò¡μ‹Ò§»ÃÐà·Èà¾×èÍãªŒã¹ÍØμÊÒË¡ÃÃÁ ¡ÒÃ¹íÒà¢ŒÒÃÐËÇ‹Ò§»‚ ¾.È. 2550 - 2553 ÁÕ»ÃÔÁÒ³ÊÙ§ÁÒ¡ ¤×Í ÁÕ»ÃÔÁÒ³¹íÒà¢ŒÒÁÒ¡¡Ç‹Ò 10 ÅŒÒ¹¡ÔâÅ¡ÃÑÁ/»‚ ã¹»‚ ¾.È. 2550 ÁÕ»ÃÔÁÒ³¡ÒÃ¹íÒà¢ŒÒà·‹Ò¡Ñº 11,057,489 ¡ÔâÅ¡ÃÑÁ ÃÐËÇ‹Ò§»‚ ¾.È. 2551 - 2553 »ÃÔÁÒ³¡ÒÃ¹íÒà¢ŒÒà¾ÔèÁ¢Öé¹à»š¹ 12,654,289; 21,625,042 áÅÐ 19,684,693 ¡ÔâÅ¡ÃÑÁ μÒÁÅíÒ´Ñº ÊíÒËÃÑº»‚ ¾.È. 2554 »ÃÔÁÒ³¡ÒÃ¹íÒà¢ŒÒÃÐËÇ‹Ò§à´×Í¹Á¡ÃÒ¤Á - à´×Í¹ÁÔ¶Ø¹ÒÂ¹ à·‹Ò¡Ñº 7,462,219 ¡ÔâÅ¡ÃÑÁ ã¹ÃÐËÇ‹Ò§»‚ ¾.È. 2550 - 2553 »ÃÐà·Èä·Â¹íÒà¢ŒÒ methyl methacrylate Ò¡»ÃÐà·Èμ‹Ò§ æ ¶Ö§ 17 »ÃÐà·È â´Â»ÃÐà·ÈÊÔ§¤â»Ã� äμŒËÇÑ¹ áÅÐÞÕè»Ø†¹à»š¹ 3 »ÃÐà·ÈËÅÑ¡·Õè»ÃÐà·Èä·Â¹íÒà¢ŒÒ methyl methacrylate «Öè§ÁÕ»ÃÔÁÒ³¡ÒÃ¹íÒà¢ŒÒÃÇÁ¡Ñ¹ÁÒ¡¡Ç‹ÒÃŒÍÂÅÐ 80 ¢Í§»ÃÔÁÒ³¡ÒÃ¹íÒà¢ŒÒ·Ñé§ËÁ´ã¹áμ‹ÅÐ»‚ »ÃÔÁÒ³¡ÒÃ¹íÒà¢ŒÒ methyl methacrylate ÃÐËÇ‹Ò§»‚ ¾.È. 2550 - 2554 áÊ´§ã¹μÒÃÒ§·Õè 3

¼ÅÔμÀÑ³± �áÅÐ¡ÒÃ¤ŒÒproduction and trade

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μÒÃÒ§·Õè 2 »ÃÔÁÒ³¡ÒÃÊ‹§ÍÍ¡ methyl methacrylate ÃÐËÇ‹Ò§»‚ ¾.È. 2550 - 2554

»ÃÐà·È»ÃÔÁÒ³¡ÒÃÊ‹§ÍÍ¡ (¡ÔâÅ¡ÃÑÁ)

2550 2551 2552 2553 2554*

à¡ÒËÅÕãμŒ

¡ÑÁ¾ÙªÒ

«ÒÍØ ÔÍÒÃÐàºÕÂ

¨Õ¹

ÞÕè»Ø†¹

äμŒËÇÑ¹

à¹à¸ÍÃ �áÅ¹´ �

ä¹¨ÕàÃÕÂ

àºÅàÂÕÂÁ

ºÑ§¤ÅÒà·È

»Ò¡ÕÊ¶Ò¹

¿ �ÅÔ»»�¹Ê �

ÁÒàÅà«ÕÂ

àÇÕÂ´¹ÒÁ

ÈÃÕÅÑ§¡Ò

ÊËÃÑ°ÍàÁÃÔ¡Ò

ÊÔ§¤â»Ã�

ÊÒ¸ÒÃ³ÃÑ°ÍÒËÃÑºàÍÁÔàÃμÊ �

ÍÍÊàμÃàÅÕÂ

ÍÔËÃ‹Ò¹

ÍÔ¹à´ÕÂ

ÍÔ¹â´¹Õà«ÕÂ

ÍÕÂÔ»μ�

Î‹Í§¡§

1,169,760

-

-

7,559,406

1,342,753

4,835,806

-

-

-

-

2,564,210

1,087,966

1,039,810

-

1,348,550

2,015,937

15,200

516,580

15,200

344,420

6,933,162

-

1,012,000

-

2,876,317

150,400

30,400

4,909,869

2,080,928

1,514,445

-

-

-

43,700

15,200

1,467,130

3,594,301

870,740

15,200

8

620,516

30,400

241,590

45,600

873,969

8,652,382

59,950

-

-

-

30,400

11,084,832

-

1,045,782

-

15,200

1,491,376

98,800

273,600

80,120

6,224,087

1,963,820

30,400

40,050

38,000

45,600

40,960

15,200

154,990

9,918,700

182,400

-

-

-

-

4,888,293

-

11,488,236

-

-

-

15,200

91,200

59,970

2,082,490

1,061,500

-

-

53,200

-

-

30,400

30,400

10,489,627

-

-

2,916,878

-

-

1,450,209

-

21,687,868

400,220

-

-

15,200

15,200

-

5,712,907

998,910

30,400

-

279,030

-

15,200

89,450

11,107,66

-

-

-

ÃÇÁ 31,800,760 28,093,045 32,774,317 30,305,716 44,719,138

·ÕèÁÒ: ¡ÃÁÈØÅ¡Ò¡Ã (2550 - 2554)* ¢ŒÍÁÙÅÃÐËÇ‹Ò§à´×Í¹Á¡ÃÒ¤Á - ÁÔ¶Ø¹ÒÂ¹ 2554¾Ô¡Ñ´ÈØÅ¡Ò¡Ã¢Í§ methyl methacrylate ¤×Í 2916.1410.000


μÒÃÒ§·Õè 3 »ÃÔÁÒ³¡ÒÃ¹íÒà¢ŒÒ methyl methacrylate ÃÐËÇ‹Ò§»‚ ¾.È. 2550 - 2554

»ÃÐà·È»ÃÔÁÒ³¡ÒÃ¹íÒà¢ŒÒ (¡ÔâÅ¡ÃÑÁ)

2550 2551 2552 2553 2554*

à¡ÒËÅÕãμŒ

àºÅàÂÕÂÁ

ºÃÒ«ÔÅ

¨Õ¹

ÞÕè»Ø†¹

äμŒËÇÑ¹

½ÃÑè§àÈÊ

àÂÍÃÁ¹Õ

à¹à¸ÍÃ �áÅ¹´ �

ÁÒàÅà«ÕÂ

ÊÁÒ¾Ñ¹¸ÃÑ°ÊÇÔÊ

ÅÔªà·¹Êäμ¹ �

ÊÔ§¤â»Ã�

ÊËÃÒªÍÒ³Ò¨Ñ¡Ã


ÍÔμÒÅÕ

ÍÔ¹à´ÕÂ

72,000

-

-

200

1,566,594

2,830,471

2,000

362,379

682

2,000

-

11

6,202,497

17,200

1,080

375

-

5,940

-

-

-

4,984,790

3,620,110

4,850

388,220

87

-

-

4

2,173,284

-

1,475,024

1,980

-

17,100

12

15,200

11,400

6,420,139

2,652,661

-

9,162

133

-

-

-

10,349,330

-

2,149,505

-

400

1,015,772

405

-

344,400

3,645,541

2,829,480

-

21

15,367

-

24

-

9,998,177

30,400

1,804,856

150

-

-

-

-

10,165

4,206,794

1,041,900

20,400

8

57

-

-

-

2,182,895

-

-

-

-

ÃÇÁ 11,057,489 12,654,289 21,625,042 19,684,693 7,462,219

·ÕèÁÒ: ¡ÃÁÈØÅ¡Ò¡Ã (2550 - 2554)* ¢ŒÍÁÙÅÃÐËÇ‹Ò§à´×Í¹Á¡ÃÒ¤Á - ÁÔ¶Ø¹ÒÂ¹ 2554¾Ô¡Ñ´ÈØÅ¡Ò¡Ã¢Í§ methyl methacrylate ¤×Í 2916.1410.000


ã¹·Ò§ÍØμÊÒË¡ÃÃÁ methyl methacrylate ¼ÅÔμ¨Ò¡»¯Ô¡ÔÃÔÂÒÃÐËÇ‹Ò§ acetone áÅÐ hydrocyanic acid ä Œ acetone cyanohydrin «Öè§¨ÐãËŒ·íÒ» Ô¡ÔÃÔÂÒ¡Ñº sulfuric acid ä Œà»š¹ methacrylamide sulfate áÅŒÇ¨Ö§·íÒ»¯Ô¡ÔÃÔÂÒ esterifi cation ¡Ñº methanol ä Œ methyl methacrylate (Toxnet, 2011) Ñ§ÊÁ¡ÒÃ

C OH3C

H3C+ HCN C C

OHH3C

H3CN

acetone hydrocyanic acetone cyanohydrin acid

C C

OHH3C

H3CN H2SO4 C C

H3C

H2C O

NH2

+ . SO42- H+2+

acetone cyanohydrin sulfuric acid methacrylamide hydrogen sulfate ion

S O 4 2-. C C

H 3 C

H 2 C O

N H 2

+ 2H+C H 3 O H+ C CH3C

H2C O

O C H 3 N H 4HSO4+

methacrylamide methanol hydrogen methyl ammonium sulfate ion methacrylate bisulfate

¡ÃÃÁÇÔ¸Õ¡ÒÃ¼ÅÔμproduction processes

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»ÃÐâÂª¹�¢Í§ methyl methacrylate (Toxnet, 2011; U.S. EPA, 1998) ä Œá¡‹ 1. ãªŒ¼ÅÔμ polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) ËÃ×Í acrylic à»š¹ÇÑÊ´ØãÊÁÕ¤ÇÒÁ·¹·Ò¹ÊÙ§áÅÐÁÕ¤ÇÒÁâ»Ã‹§ãÊ Ö§ãªŒ¼ÅÔμá¼‹¹ãÊá·¹¡ÃÐ¨¡äÁ‹áμ¡¡ÃÐ¨ÒÂàËÁ×Í¹¡ÃÐ¨¡ ãªŒÊíÒËÃÑº¼ÅÔμÊÔ¹¤ŒÒ·ÕèμŒÍ§¡ÒÃÁÍ§àËç¹ÀÒÂã¹ ãªŒà»š¹ bone cement ÊíÒËÃÑºàÊÃÔÁ¤ÇÒÁá¢ç§áÃ§ãËŒ¡Ñº¡ÃÐ Ù¡áÅÐ¢ŒÍμ‹Í¢Í§Ã‹Ò§¡ÒÂÊíÒËÃÑº¼ÙŒ»†ÇÂ·ÕèÁÕ¡ÃÐ Ù¡¾ÃØ¹ ¡ÃÐ Ù¡ËÑ¡ ËÃ×Í¢ŒÍμ‹Í¼Ô´»¡μÔ 2. ¼ÅÔμ¤Í¹á·ç¡«�àÅ¹Ê �ª¹Ô´á¢ç§ «Öè§»ÃÐ¡Íº ŒÇÂ methyl methacrylate áÅÐ hydroxyethyl methacrylate ÃŒÍÂÅÐ 85 - 95 áÅÐ 5 - 15 â´Â¹éíÒË¹Ñ¡ μÒÁÅíÒ´Ñº 3. ãªŒÃ‹ÇÁ¡ÑºÊÒÃ monomer Í×è¹ÊíÒËÃÑº¼ÅÔμàÃ«Ô¹ª¹Ô´μ‹Ò§ æ àª‹¹ methyl methacrylate-butadiene-styrene (MBS) «Öè§à»š¹àÃ«Ô¹·ÕèÃÍ§ÃÑºáÃ§¡ÃÐá·¡ä Œ Õ 4. ãªŒ¼ÊÁã¹ÇÑÊ´Øà¤Å×Íº¼ÔÇ (surface coating) à¾×èÍ·íÒãËŒÇÑÊ´Ø·Õèà¤Å×ÍºÁÕ¤ÇÒÁ·¹·Ò¹

¡ÒÃãªŒuse

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methyl methacrylate à¢ŒÒÊÙ‹ÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁä´ŒËÅÒÂÇÔ¸Õ Ñ§¹Õé 1. ¡ÒÃ¼ÅÔμ ¡ÒÃà¡çºÃÑ¡ÉÒ ¡ÒÃ¢¹Ê‹§ áÅÐ¡ÒÃãªŒ»ÃÐâÂª¹� ·íÒãËŒ methyl methacrylate à¢ŒÒÊÙ‹ÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ «Öè§ÍÒ¨à¡Ô´¡ÒÃÃÑèÇäËÅËÃ×ÍÍØºÑμÔàËμØ «Öè§Ê‹Ç¹ãËÞ‹¨Ðà¢ŒÒÊÙ‹ÍÒ¡ÒÈ à¹×èÍ§¨Ò¡ methyl methacrylate ÃÐàËÂ¡ÅÒÂà»š¹äÍä´Œ ÕÁÒ¡ U.S. EPA »ÃÐàÁÔ¹Ç‹Ò»ÃÐÁÒ³ÃŒÍÂÅÐ 0.46 ¢Í§»ÃÔÁÒ³ methyl metha-crylate ·Õè¼ÅÔμã¹»ÃÐà·ÈÊËÃÑ°ÍàÁÃÔ¡Ò¶Ù¡»Å‹ÍÂÊÙ‹ÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ â´ÂÃŒÍÂÅÐ 98 ¢Í§»ÃÔÁÒ³·Õè»Å‹ÍÂÊÙ‹ÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁà»š¹¡ÒÃ»Å‹ÍÂÍÍ¡ÊÙ‹ÍÒ¡ÒÈ ã¹»‚ ¾.È. 2549 »ÃÐà·ÈÊËÃÑ°ÍàÁÃÔ¡Ò¼ÅÔμ methyl methacrylate à·‹Ò¡Ñº 815 ÅŒÒ¹¡ÔâÅ¡ÃÑÁ methyl methacrylate ·Õè¶Ù¡»Å‹ÍÂÍÍ¡ÊÙ‹ÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁÁÕ»ÃÔÁÒ³¶Ö§ 3.75 ÅŒÒ¹¡ÔâÅ¡ÃÑÁ (Toxnet, 2011) ¡ÃÐ·ÃÇ§ÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ¢Í§»ÃÐà·ÈÍÍÊàμÃàÅÕÂÃÒÂ§Ò¹»ÃÔÁÒ³ methyl metha-crylate ·Õè»ÃÐà·ÈÍÍÊàμÃàÅÕÂ»Å‹ÍÂÊÙ‹ÍÒ¡ÒÈ áËÅ‹§¹éíÒ áÅÐ Ô¹ ÃÐËÇ‹Ò§»‚ ¾.È. 2550 - 2553 à·‹Ò¡Ñº 2,200; 2,500; 2,400 áÅÐ 5,100 ¡ÔâÅ¡ÃÑÁ μÒÁÅíÒ´Ñº (DSEWPC, 2011) 2. ¡ÒÃ¨Ñ´¡ÒÃ¡Ò¡¢Í§àÊÕÂ ÇÔ¸Õ¡ÒÃ¨Ñ´¡ÒÃ¡Ò¡¢Í§àÊÕÂ·ÕèäÁ‹¶Ù¡μŒÍ§ àª‹¹ ¡ÒÃÅŒÒ§ÀÒª¹ÐºÃÃ Ø ¡ÒÃà· methyl methacrylate ·ÕèàËÅ×Í¨Ò¡ÀÒª¹ÐºÃÃ ØËÃ×Í·ÕèàËÅ×Í¨Ò¡¡ÒÃãªŒã¹ËŒÍ§»¯ÔºÑμÔ¡ÒÃÅ§·‹ÍÃÐºÒÂ¹éíÒâ´ÂμÃ§â´ÂäÁ‹ÁÕ¡ÒÃ·íÒÅÒÂ¾ÔÉàº×éÍ§μŒ¹¡‹Í¹ ¨Ð·íÒãËŒ methyl methacrylate »¹à»„œÍ¹ã¹áËÅ‹§¹éíÒ

·Ò§ä»ÊÙ‹ÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁpathways into the environment

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6.1 ¡ÒÃÊÙÞÊÅÒÂáÅÐ¡ÒÃ¤§ÊÀÒ¾ (loss and persistence) ¡ÒÃÊÙÞÊÅÒÂ¢Í§ methyl methacrylate ã¹ÍÒ¡ÒÈÊ‹Ç¹ãËÞ‹à¡Ô ¨Ò¡¡ÒÃ·íÒ» Ô¡ÔÃÔÂÒ¡ÑºÍ¹ØÁÙÅÍÔÊÃÐäÎ´ÃÍ¡«ÔÅáÅÐâÍâ«¹ ¡ÒÃÊÙÞÊÅÒÂã¹áËÅ‹§¹éíÒÊ‹Ç¹ãËÞ‹à»š¹¡ÒÃ·íÒ»¯Ô¡ÔÃÔÂÒ¢Í§ methyl methacrylate ¡ÑºÍ¹ØÁÙÅÍÔÊÃÐäÎ´ÃÍ¡«ÔÅ ¡ÒÃÂ‹ÍÂÊÅÒÂâ´ÂªÕÇÀÒ¾ áÅÐ¡ÒÃáμ¡ÊÅÒÂ´ŒÇÂ¹éíÒ«Öè§à¡Ô´ä Œ Õã¹ÊÀÒÇÐ·Õèà»š¹´‹Ò§ [ ÙÃÒÂÅÐàÍÕÂ´ã¹º··Õè 7 ¡ÒÃ·´ÊÍº¡ÒÃà»ÅÕèÂ¹á»Å§ã¹ÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ (environmental fate tests)]

6.2 ¤ÇÒÁà¢ŒÁ¢Œ¹ (concentrations)¢ŒÍÁÙÅ¡ÒÃμÃÇ¨ÇÔà¤ÃÒÐË � methyl methacrylate ã¹ÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ ÁÕáμ‹ÃÒÂ§Ò¹

¡ÒÃμÃÇ¨ã¹ÍÒ¡ÒÈ áÅÐ¤ÇÒÁà¢ŒÁ¢Œ¹·Õè¾ºÁÕ¤‹Ò¹ŒÍÂÁÒ¡ Zhu áÅÐ¤³Ð (2005) ÃÒÂ§Ò¹¡ÒÃμÃÇ¨ÇÔà¤ÃÒÐË �ÊÒÃÍÔ¹·ÃÕÂ�ÃÐàËÂä Œ (volatile organic compound, VOC) ¨íÒ¹Ç¹ 37 ÊÒÃã¹ÍÒ¡ÒÈ¢Í§àÁ×Í§ Ottawa »ÃÐà·Èá¤¹Ò´Ò «Öè§à¡çºμÑÇÍÂ‹Ò§ÃÐËÇ‹Ò§à´×Í¹¾ÄÈ Ô¡ÒÂ¹ 2545 - ÁÕ¹Ò¤Á 2546 ¨Ò¡ íÒ¹Ç¹μÑÇÍÂ‹Ò§·Ñé§ËÁ´ 74 μÑÇÍÂ‹Ò§ ÁÕà¾ÕÂ§ 1 μÑÇÍÂ‹Ò§·ÕèμÃÇ¨¾º methyl methacrylate ¤ÇÒÁà¢ŒÁ¢Œ¹à·‹Ò¡Ñº 0.33 äÁâ¤Ã¡ÃÑÁ/ÅÙ¡ºÒÈ¡�àÁμÃ Chen áÅÐ¤³Ð (2000) ÃÒÂ§Ò¹¡ÒÃμÃÇ¨ÇÔà¤ÃÒÐË �ÊÒÃÍÔ¹·ÃÕÂ�ÃÐàËÂä Œ¨íÒ¹Ç¹ 11 ÊÒÃã¹ÍÒ¡ÒÈ¢Í§àÁ×Í§ Kaohsiung »ÃÐà·ÈäμŒËÇÑ¹ à¡çºμÑÇÍÂ‹Ò§ã¹»‚ ¾.È. 2537 ¨íÒ¹Ç¹μÑÇÍÂ‹Ò§·Õèà¡çºÃÇÁ 10 μÑÇÍÂ‹Ò§ ÁÕà¾ÕÂ§ 1 μÑÇÍÂ‹Ò§·ÕèμÃÇ¨¾º methyl metha-crylate ¤ÇÒÁà¢ŒÁ¢Œ¹à·‹Ò¡Ñº 1.3 äÁâ¤Ã¡ÃÑÁ/ÅÙ¡ºÒÈ¡�àÁμÃ Jia áÅÐ¤³Ð (2008) ÃÒÂ§Ò¹¡ÒÃμÃÇ¨ÇÔà¤ÃÒÐË �ÊÒÃÍÔ¹·ÃÕÂ�ÃÐàËÂä Œ¨íÒ¹Ç¹ 46 ÊÒÃã¹ÍÒ¡ÒÈ¢Í§àÁ×Í§ Ann Arbor áÅÐàÁ×Í§ Ypsilanti ÃÑ° Michigan »ÃÐà·ÈÊËÃÑ°ÍàÁÃÔ¡Ò â´Âà¡çºμÑÇÍÂ‹Ò§ã¹»‚ ¾.È. 2548 - 2549 àÁ×Í§ Ann Arbor ÁÕ¢¹Ò´ãËÞ‹¡Ç‹ÒáÅÐÁÕ»ÃÐªÒ¡ÃÁÒ¡¡Ç‹ÒàÁ×Í§ Ypsilanti ¼Å¡ÒÃμÃÇ¨ÇÔà¤ÃÒÐË� ¾ºÇ‹Ò íÒ¹Ç¹μÑÇÍÂ‹Ò§·Õèà¡çº¨Ò¡àÁ×Í§ Ann Arbor ·Ñé§ËÁ´ 82 μÑÇÍÂ‹Ò§ ÁÕà¾ÕÂ§ 1 μÑÇÍÂ‹Ò§ ·ÕèμÃÇ¨¾º methyl methacrylate ¤ÇÒÁà¢ŒÁ¢Œ¹à·‹Ò¡Ñº 0.14 äÁâ¤Ã¡ÃÑÁ/ÅÙ¡ºÒÈ¡�àÁμÃ ÊíÒËÃÑºμÑÇÍÂ‹Ò§·Õèà¡çº¨Ò¡àÁ×Í§ Ypsilanti íÒ¹Ç¹ 59 μÑÇÍÂ‹Ò§ μÃÇ¨äÁ‹¾º methyl methacrylate ã¹·Ø¡μÑÇÍÂ‹Ò§

¤ÇÒÁà¢ŒÁ¢Œ¹ã¹ÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁconcentrations

º··Õè 6


¤ÇÒÁà¢ŒÁ¢Œ¹¢Í§ methyl methacrylate ã¹ÍÒ¡ÒÈ¢Í§»ÃÐà·Èμ‹Ò§ æ áÊ´§ã¹μÒÃÒ§·Õè 4

μÒÃÒ§·Õè 4 ¤ÇÒÁà¢ŒÁ¢Œ¹¢Í§ methyl methacrylate ã¹ÍÒ¡ÒÈ¢Í§»ÃÐà·Èμ‹Ò§ æ

»ÃÐà·È/àÁ×Í§ »‚·ÕèÈÖ¡ÉÒ¤ÇÒÁà¢ŒÁ¢Œ¹

(äÁâ¤Ã¡ÃÑÁ/ÅÙ¡ºÒÈ¡ �àÁμÃ)àÍ¡ÊÒÃÍŒÒ§ÍÔ§

ÍÒ¡ÒÈ»ÃÐà·Èá¤¹Ò´Ò àÁ×Í§ Ottawa

»ÃÐà·ÈäμŒËÇÑ¹ àÁ×Í§ Kaohsiung

»ÃÐà·ÈÊËÃÑ°ÍàÁÃÔ¡Ò àÁ×Í§ Ann Arbor àÁ×Í§ Ypsilanti

¾.Â. 2545 -ÁÕ.¤. 2546

»‚ ¾.È. 2537

»‚ ¾.È. 2548 - 2549

0.33 (1/74)1

1.3 (1/10)

0.14 (1/82)μÃÇ¨äÁ‹¾º (0/59)

Zhu et al. (2005)

Chen et al. (2000)

Jia et al. (2008)

1 μÑÇàÅ¢ã¹Ç§àÅçº ¤×Í ¨íÒ¹Ç¹μÑÇÍÂ‹Ò§·ÕèμÃÇ¨¾º methyl methacrylate/¨íÒ¹Ç¹μÑÇÍÂ‹Ò§·Ñé§ËÁ´

6.3 ¡ÒÃÃÑºÊÒÃ¢Í§Á¹ØÉÂ� (human intake) U.S. EPA (2011) ¤íÒ¹Ç³¤‹Ò oral reference dose (RfDo) áÅÐ reference concentration (RfC) ¢Í§ methyl methacrylate ´Ñ§¹Õé U.S. EPA (2011) ¤íÒ¹Ç³¤‹Ò oral reference dose (RfDo) ¢Í§ methyl methacrylate â´ÂãªŒÃÒÂ§Ò¹¢Í§ Borzelleca áÅÐ¤³Ð (1964) «Öè§à»š¹¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒã¹Ë¹Ù rat ·Õèáº‹§à»š¹¡ÅØ‹Á¤Çº¤ØÁ 1 ¡ÅØ‹Á áÅÐ¡ÅØ‹Á·´ÅÍ§ 3 ¡ÅØ‹Á áμ‹ÅÐ¡ÅØ‹Á»ÃÐ¡Íº ŒÇÂË¹Ùà¾È¼ÙŒ 25 μÑÇ áÅÐË¹Ùà¾ÈàÁÕÂ 25 μÑÇ Ë¹Ù¡ÅØ‹Á·´ÅÍ§ä´ŒÃÑº methyl methacrylate ¼ÊÁã¹¹éíÒ ×èÁ¤ÇÒÁà¢ŒÁ¢Œ¹ 6, 60, áÅÐ 2,000 ÁÔÅÅÔ¡ÃÑÁ/ÅÔμÃ à»š¹àÇÅÒ 2 »‚ ¡ÒÃμÃÇ¨¾ÂÒ ÔÊÀÒ¾¢Í§Ë¹ÙàÁ×èÍÊÔé¹ÊØ ¡ÒÃ·´ÅÍ§ äÁ‹¾º¤ÇÒÁ¼Ô »¡μÔ¢Í§ÍÇÑÂÇÐã´ æ U.S. EPA (2011) Ö§ãªŒ¤‹Ò¤ÇÒÁà¢ŒÁ¢Œ¹à·‹Ò¡Ñº 2,000 ÁÔÅÅÔ¡ÃÑÁ/ÅÔμÃ ¤íÒ¹Ç³¤‹Ò NOAEL ¢Í§ methyl metha-crylate U.S. EPA (2011) ãªŒ»ÃÔÁÒ³¹éíÒ·ÕèË¹Ù¡Ô¹à·‹Ò¡Ñº 0.0313 ÅÔμÃ/ÇÑ¹ áÅÐ¹éíÒË¹Ñ¡μÑÇ¢Í§Ë¹Ù à·‹Ò¡Ñº 0.462 ¡ÔâÅ¡ÃÑÁ ´Ñ§¹Ñé¹ NOAEL ¢Í§ methyl methacrylate ÁÕ¤‹Òà·‹Ò¡Ñº


2,000 (ÁÔÅÅÔ¡ÃÑÁ/ÅÔμÃ) 0.0313 (ÅÔμÃ/ÇÑ¹) / 0.462 (¡ÔâÅ¡ÃÑÁ) = 136 ÁÔÅÅÔ¡ÃÑÁ/¡ÔâÅ¡ÃÑÁ¹éíÒË¹Ñ¡μÑÇ/ÇÑ¹ U.S. EPA (2011) ãªŒ¤‹Ò uncertainty factor à·‹Ò¡Ñº 100 ã¹¡ÒÃ¤íÒ¹Ç³¤‹Ò RfDo ¢Í§ methyl methacrylate «Öè§»ÃÐ¡Íº ŒÇÂ factor 10 ÊíÒËÃÑº ¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒã¹ÊÑμÇ�·´ÅÍ§ (interspecies extrapolation) factor 10 ÊíÒËÃÑº individual sensitivity ¢Í§Á¹ØÉÂ �

U.S. EPA (2011) ãªŒ¤‹Ò modifying factor à·‹Ò¡Ñº 1 ¤‹Ò RfDo ¢Í§ methyl methacrylate à·‹Ò¡Ñº 136/(100 1) = 1.36 ÁÔÅÅÔ¡ÃÑÁ/¡ÔâÅ¡ÃÑÁ¹éíÒË¹Ñ¡μÑÇ/ÇÑ¹ ·Ñé§¹Õé U.S. EPA (2011) ãªŒàÅ¢¨íÒ¹Ç¹àμçÁ Ñ§¹Ñé¹ ¤‹Ò RfDo ¢Í§ methyl methacrylate ¨Ö§à·‹Ò¡Ñº 1.4 ÁÔÅÅÔ¡ÃÑÁ/¡ÔâÅ¡ÃÑÁ¹éíÒË¹Ñ¡μÑÇ/ÇÑ¹ ( ÙÃÒÂÅÐàÍÕÂ´àÃ×èÍ§¡ÒÃ»ÃÐàÁÔ¹¤ÇÒÁàÊÕèÂ§ã¹ ÀÒ¤¼¹Ç¡ 2) U.S. EPA (2011) ¤íÒ¹Ç³¤‹Ò reference concentration (RfC) ¢Í§ methyl methacrylate â´ÂãªŒÃÒÂ§Ò¹¢Í§ Lomax áÅÐ¤³Ð (1997) à»š¹¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒã¹Ë¹Ù rat ÊÒÂ¾Ñ¹¸Ø� F344 «Öè§áº‹§à»š¹¡ÅØ‹Á¤Çº¤ØÁ 1 ¡ÅØ‹Á áÅÐ¡ÅØ‹Á·´ÅÍ§ 3 ¡ÅØ‹Á áμ‹ÅÐ¡ÅØ‹Á»ÃÐ¡Íº ŒÇÂË¹Ùà¾È¼ÙŒ 70 μÑÇ áÅÐË¹Ùà¾ÈàÁÕÂ 70 μÑÇ Ë¹Ù¡ÅØ‹Á·´ÅÍ§ä ŒÃÑº methyl metha-crylate â´Â¡ÒÃÊÙ´´Á¤ÇÒÁà¢ŒÁ¢Œ¹ 102.4, 408.6, áÅÐ 1,621.7 ÁÔÅÅÔ¡ÃÑÁ/ÅÙ¡ºÒÈ¡�àÁμÃ à»š¹àÇÅÒ 6 ªÑèÇâÁ§/ÇÑ¹ 5 ÇÑ¹/ÊÑ»´ÒË� ÃÐÂÐàÇÅÒ·Ñé§ÊÔé¹ 2 »‚ ¡ÒÃμÃÇ¨¾ÂÒ ÔÊÀÒ¾¢Í§Ë¹ÙàÁ×èÍÊÔé¹ÊØ´¡ÒÃ·´ÅÍ§ ¾ºÇ‹Ò ¤ÇÒÁ¼Ô´»¡μÔ·ÕèÁÕ¤ÇÒÁÊÑÁ¾Ñ¹¸ �¡Ñº¤ÇÒÁà¢ŒÁ¢Œ¹¢Í§ methyl methacrylate ·ÕèË¹ÙÊÙ ´Á ¤×Í ¡ÒÃàÊ×èÍÁÊÅÒÂáÅÐ¡ÒÃ½†Í¢Í§à¹×éÍàÂ×èÍºØ¼ÔÇ¢Í§à«ÅÅ �»ÃÐÊÒ·ÀÒÂã¹¨ÁÙ¡·Õèà¡ÕèÂÇ¡Ñº¡ÒÃ´Á¡ÅÔè¹ (olfactory sensory epithelium) àÁ×èÍÊÔé¹ÊØ´¡ÒÃ·´ÅÍ§Ë¹Ùà¾È¼ÙŒ¢Í§¡ÅØ‹Á¤Çº¤ØÁ·ÕèÁÕªÕÇÔμÃÍ´ÁÕ¨íÒ¹Ç¹ 39 μÑÇ ÊíÒËÃÑºË¹Ùà¾È¼ÙŒ¢Í§¡ÅØ‹Á·´ÅÍ§·Ñé§ 3 ¡ÅØ‹Á ·ÕèÁÕªÕÇÔμÃÍ´ÁÕ¨íÒ¹Ç¹ 47, 48 áÅÐ 38 μÑÇ μÒÁÅíÒ´Ñº ¨íÒ¹Ç¹Ë¹Ùà¾È¼ÙŒ¢Í§¡ÅØ‹Á·´ÅÍ§·Ñé§ 3 ¡ÅØ‹Á ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁ¼Ô´»¡μÔ¢Í§à¹×éÍàÂ×èÍºØ¼ÔÇÀÒÂã¹¨ÁÙ¡·Õèà¡ÕèÂÇ¡Ñº¡ÒÃ´Á¡ÅÔè¹¨íÒ¹Ç¹ 0, 35 áÅÐ 38 μÑÇ μÒÁÅíÒ´Ñº áÅÐäÁ‹¾º¤ÇÒÁ¼Ô´»¡μÔ Ñ§¡Å‹ÒÇã¹Ë¹Ùà¾È¼ÙŒ¢Í§¡ÅØ‹Á¤Çº¤ØÁ U.S. EPA (2011) ¨Ö§ãªŒ dose-response relationship ¹Õé¤íÒ¹Ç³¤‹Ò benchmark concentration ·Õè¡ÒÃμÍºÊ¹Í§à·‹Ò¡ÑºÃŒÍÂÅÐ 10 (BMC10) ¢Í§ methyl methacrylate áºº¨íÒÅÍ§·Ò§¤³ÔμÈÒÊμÃ� (mathematical model) ·ÕèàËÁÒÐÊÁ·ÕèÊØ´ ¤×Í polynomial regression model áÅÐ BMC10 ·Õè¤íÒ¹Ç³ä´ŒÁÕ¤‹Òà·‹Ò¡Ñº 143 ÁÔÅÅÔ¡ÃÑÁ/ÅÙ¡ºÒÈ¡�àÁμÃ ¡ÒÃ·´ÅÍ§¹Õé Ë¹ÙäÁ‹ä ŒÃÑº methyl methacrylate ÍÂ‹Ò§μ‹Íà¹×èÍ§ Ñ§¹Ñé¹ ¨Ö§μŒÍ§¤íÒ¹Ç³¤‹Ò BMC10 ·Õèä ŒãËŒà»š¹¤‹Ò BMC10[adj] ËÃ×Í adjusted BMC10 «Öè§à»š¹¤‹Òà·ÕÂºà·‹ÒàÊÁ×Í¹Ç‹ÒË¹Ùä ŒÃÑº methyl methacrylate ÍÂ‹Ò§μ‹Íà¹×èÍ§


BMC10[adj] = BMC10 (6 ªÑèÇâÁ§/24 ªÑèÇâÁ§) (5 ÇÑ¹/7 ÇÑ¹) BMC10[adj] = 143 (ÁÔÅÅÔ¡ÃÑÁ/ÅÙ¡ºÒÈ¡�àÁμÃ) (6 ªÑèÇâÁ§/24 ªÑèÇâÁ§) (5 ÇÑ¹/7 ÇÑ¹) BMC10[adj] = 25.6 ÁÔÅÅÔ¡ÃÑÁ/ÅÙ¡ºÒÈ¡�àÁμÃ

U.S. EPA (2011) ¤íÒ¹Ç³¤‹Ò BMC10 ¢Í§ methyl methacrylate ã¹Á¹ØÉÂ � (human equivalent concentration) ËÃ×Í¤‹Ò BMC10[HEC] ¨Ò¡¤‹Ò BMC10[adj] ·Õèä Œ¨Ò¡¡ÒÃ·´ÅÍ§ã¹Ë¹Ù â´ÂãªŒÊÁ¡ÒÃ

BMC10[HEC] = BMC10[adj] x RGDRET

â´Â BMC10[HEC] ¤×Í ¤‹Ò BMC10 ¢Í§ methyl methacrylate ã¹Á¹ØÉÂ�«Öè§¤íÒ¹Ç³¨Ò¡¤‹Ò BMC10 ã¹Ë¹Ù rat

RGDRET ¤×Í ÍÑμÃÒÊ‹Ç¹¡ÒÃËÒÂã¨μ‹Í¾×é¹·Õè¼ÔÇºÃÔàÇ³·ÃÇ§Í¡¢Í§Ë¹Ù rat áÅÐÁ¹ØÉÂ � (regional gas dosimetry ratio) ÊíÒËÃÑººÃÔàÇ³ÀÒÂ¹Í¡·ÃÇ§Í¡ (extrathoracic region)

¤‹Ò RGDRET ¤íÒ¹Ç³ä´Œ¨Ò¡ÊÁ¡ÒÃ

RGDRET = (MVa/SaET) / (MVh/ShET)

â´Â MVa ¤×Í ÍÑμÃÒ¡ÒÃËÒÂã¨¢Í§Ë¹Ù rat ÁÕ¤‹Òà·‹Ò¡Ñº 0.25 ÅÔμÃ/¹Ò·Õ MVh ¤×Í ÍÑμÃÒ¡ÒÃËÒÂã¨¢Í§Á¹ØÉÂ � ÁÕ¤‹Òà·‹Ò¡Ñº 13.8 ÅÔμÃ/¹Ò·Õ SaET ¤×Í ¾×é¹·Õè¼ÔÇºÃÔàÇ³ÀÒÂ¹Í¡·ÃÇ§Í¡¢Í§Ë¹Ù rat ÁÕ¤‹Òà·‹Ò¡Ñº 11.6 μÒÃÒ§à«¹μÔàÁμÃ ShET ¤×Í ¾×é¹·Õè¼ÔÇºÃÔàÇ³ÀÒÂ¹Í¡·ÃÇ§Í¡¢Í§Á¹ØÉÂ � ÁÕ¤‹Òà·‹Ò¡Ñº 177 μÒÃÒ§à«¹μÔàÁμÃ

RGDRET = (0.25/11.6) / (13.8/177) = 0.28

Ñ§¹Ñé¹ ¤‹Ò BMC10 ¢Í§ methyl methacrylate ã¹Á¹ØÉÂ � ÁÕ¤‹Òà·‹Ò¡Ñº 25.6 0.28 = 7.2 ÁÔÅÅÔ¡ÃÑÁ/ÅÙ¡ºÒÈ¡�àÁμÃ U.S. EPA (2011) ãªŒ¤‹Ò uncertainty factor à·‹Ò¡Ñº 100 ã¹¡ÒÃ¤íÒ¹Ç³¤‹Ò RfC ¢Í§ methyl methacrylate «Öè§»ÃÐ¡Íº ŒÇÂ


factor 3 ÊíÒËÃÑº ¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒã¹ÊÑμÇ�·´ÅÍ§ (interspecies extrapolation) «Öè§ä Œ¤íÒ¹Ç³à»š¹¤‹Ò BMC10[HEC] áÅŒÇ factor 3 ÊíÒËÃÑº individual sensitivity ¢Í§Á¹ØÉÂ �

U.S. EPA (2011) ãªŒ¤‹Ò modifying factor à·‹Ò¡Ñº 1 ¤‹Ò RfC ¢Í§ methyl methacrylate à·‹Ò¡Ñº 7.2/(10 1) = 0.72 ÁÔÅÅÔ¡ÃÑÁ/ÅÙ¡ºÒÈ¡�àÁμÃ ·Ñé§¹Õé U.S. EPA (2011) ãªŒàÅ¢¨íÒ¹Ç¹àμçÁ ´Ñ§¹Ñé¹ ¤‹Ò RfC ¢Í§ methyl methacrylate ¨Ö§à·‹Ò¡Ñº 7 10-1 ÁÔÅÅÔ¡ÃÑÁ/ÅÙ¡ºÒÈ¡�àÁμÃ ( ÙÃÒÂÅÐàÍÕÂ´àÃ×èÍ§¡ÒÃ»ÃÐàÁÔ¹¤ÇÒÁàÊÕèÂ§ã¹ÀÒ¤¼¹Ç¡ 2)

âÍ¡ÒÊ¡ÒÃä´ŒÃÑº methyl methacrylate ¢Í§»ÃÐªÒª¹¨Ò¡ÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ »ÃÐªÒª¹·ÑèÇä»ä ŒÃÑº methyl methacrylate ¨Ò¡ÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ¹ŒÍÂÁÒ¡ à¾ÃÒÐ methyl methacrylate ·Õè»ÃÐªÒª¹ãªŒÍÂÙ‹ã¹ÃÙ»¢Í§â¾ÅÕàÁÍÃ � «Öè§¨Ð»Å‹ÍÂ methyl metha-crylate monomer ÊÙ‹ÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ¹ŒÍÂÁÒ¡ ¹Í¡¨Ò¡¹Õé ¡ÒÃμÃÇ¨ÇÔà¤ÃÒÐË �¡ÒÃ»¹à»„œÍ¹¢Í§ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕã¹ÍÒ¡ÒÈÂÑ§¾º¤ÇÒÁà¢ŒÁ¢Œ¹¢Í§ methyl methacrylate ·Õè¹ŒÍÂÁÒ¡áÅÐ¾ºã¹ºÒ§μÑÇÍÂ‹Ò§à·‹Ò¹Ñé¹ [ ÙÃÒÂÅÐàÍÕÂ´ËÑÇ¢ŒÍ 6.2 ¤ÇÒÁà¢ŒÁ¢Œ¹ (concentrations)] »ÃÐªÒª¹¡ÅØ‹ÁàÊÕèÂ§¹‹Ò¨Ðà»š¹¤¹§Ò¹·Õè·íÒ§Ò¹ã¹âÃ§§Ò¹¼ÅÔμ áÅÐâÃ§§Ò¹·Õè¹íÒ methyl methacrylate ä»ãªŒ áÅÐ¾¹Ñ¡§Ò¹¢ÑºÃ¶ºÃÃ·Ø¡«Öè§ÍÒ¨ä´ŒÃÑº methyl metha-crylate ã¹¡Ã³Õ·Õèà¡Ô´ÍØºÑμÔàËμØ·íÒãËŒà¡Ô´¡ÒÃÃÑèÇäËÅ


7.1 ¡ÒÃÂ‹ÍÂÊÅÒÂâ´ÂªÕÇÀÒ¾áÅÐ¡ÒÃà»ÅÕèÂ¹ÃÙ»â´ÂªÕÇÀÒ¾ (biodegradation and biotransformation) methyl methacrylate ¶Ù¡Â‹ÍÂÊÅÒÂâ´ÂªÕÇÀÒ¾ä´Œá¡�Ê carbon dioxide à»š¹¼Å¼ÅÔμÊØ´·ŒÒÂ Pahren and Bloodgood (1961) ÈÖ¡ÉÒ¡ÒÃÂ‹ÍÂÊÅÒÂ methyl methacrylate ã¹¹éíÒàÊÕÂâ´ÂªÕÇÀÒ¾áººãªŒÍÍ¡«Ôà¨¹ â´Â¡ÒÃμÃÇ¨»ÃÔÁÒ³á¡ �Ê carbon dioxide ·Õèà¡Ô´¢Öé¹ ¾ºÇ‹Ò ÃŒÍÂÅÐ 50 ¢Í§ methyl methacrylate ¶Ù¡Â‹ÍÂÊÅÒÂä´Œã¹àÇÅÒ»ÃÐÁÒ³ 12 ÇÑ¹

7.2 ¡ÒÃÂ‹ÍÂÊÅÒÂâ´ÂáÊ§ (photodegradation) methyl methacrylate Ù ¡Å×¹áÊ§ä ŒÊÙ§ÊØ ·Õè¤ÇÒÁÂÒÇ¤Å×è¹à·‹Ò¡Ñº 239 ¹Òâ¹àÁμÃ Ñ§¹Ñé¹ methyl methacrylate Ö§äÁ‹ Ù ¡Å×¹áÊ§ÍÒ·ÔμÂ�·ÕèÊ‹Í§ÁÒ¶Ö§¾×é¹âÅ¡«Öè§ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁÂÒÇ¤Å×è¹

ÁÒ¡¡Ç‹Ò 290 ¹Òâ¹àÁμÃ áÊ´§Ç‹Ò methyl methacrylate äÁ‹¶Ù¡Â‹ÍÂÊÅÒÂâ´ÂáÊ§á´´

7.3 ¡ÒÃáμ¡ÊÅÒÂ´ŒÇÂ¹íéÒ (hydrolysis)methyl methacrylate à»š¹ÊÒÃ»ÃÐ¡Íº ester ÁÕËÁÙ‹¿§¡�ªÑ¹·ÕèÊÒÁÒÃ¶à¡Ô »¯Ô¡ÔÃÔÂÒ

¡ÒÃáμ¡ÊÅÒÂ´ŒÇÂ¹éíÒä´Œ«Öè§à¡Ô´ä Œ Õã¹ÊÀÒÇÐ·Õèà»š¹´‹Ò§ ·ÕèÍØ³ËÀÙÁÔ 25« ¤‹Ò¤ÃÖè§ªÕÇÔμ¢Í§ methyl methacrylate ã¹¹éíÒ·Õè pH à·‹Ò¡Ñº 7, 8, 9 áÅÐ 11 ÁÕ¤‹Òà·‹Ò¡Ñº 4 »‚, 140 ÇÑ¹, 14 ÇÑ¹ áÅÐ 3.4 ªÑèÇâÁ§ μÒÁÅíÒ´Ñº (Toxnet, 2011)

7.4 ¡ÒÃÃÇÁμÑÇ (sorption)methyl methacrylate ÅÐÅÒÂ¹éíÒä´Œ ÕÁÒ¡ ¨Ö§ÃÇÁμÑÇ¡ÑºÊÒÃÍÔ¹·ÃÕÂ�ã¹ Ô¹ä Œà¾ÕÂ§

àÅç¡¹ŒÍÂ methyl methacrylate ÁÕ¤‹ÒÊÑÁ»ÃÐÊÔ· Ôì¡ÒÃ Ù´«Ñºã¹ Ô¹ (Koc) ÃÐËÇ‹Ò§ 9 - 95 ¨Ö§à¤Å×èÍ¹μÑÇã¹ Ô¹ä Œ ÕÁÒ¡ áÅÐÃÇÁμÑÇ¡ÑºÍ¹ØÀÒ¤ã¹áËÅ‹§¹éíÒä Œà¾ÕÂ§àÅç¡¹ŒÍÂàª‹¹¡Ñ¹ (Toxnet, 2011)

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7.5 ¡ÒÃ¡ÅÒÂà»š¹äÍ (evaporation) methyl methacrylate ÅÐÅÒÂ¹éíÒä Œ ÕÁÒ¡ áμ‹¡çÃÐàËÂ¡ÅÒÂà»š¹äÍä Œ ÕÁÒ¡àª‹¹¡Ñ¹ methyl methacrylate ÁÕ¤‹Ò Henry’s law constant à·‹Ò¡Ñº 3.2 10-4 ºÃÃÂÒ¡ÒÈ ÅÙ¡ºÒÈ¡�àÁμÃ/âÁÅ áÊ´§ãËŒàËç¹Ç‹Ò methyl methacrylate ·Õè»¹à»„œÍ¹ã¹áËÅ‹§¹éíÒÃÐàËÂ¡ÅÒÂà»š¹äÍä´Œ ÕÁÒ¡ ¨Ò¡¡ÒÃ¤íÒ¹Ç³â´ÂãªŒáºº¨íÒÅÍ§·Ò§¤³ÔμÈÒÊμÃ� methyl metha-crylate ·Õè»¹à»„œÍ¹ã¹áÁ‹¹éíÒ·ÕèÁÕ¤ÇÒÁÅÖ¡ 1 àÁμÃ ¹éíÒäËÅ ŒÇÂ¤ÇÒÁàÃçÇ 1 àÁμÃ/ÇÔ¹Ò·Õ áÅÐ¤ÇÒÁàÃçÇÅÁàË¹×ÍáÁ‹¹éíÒà·‹Ò¡Ñº 3 àÁμÃ/ÇÔ¹Ò·Õ ÁÕ¤‹Ò¤ÃÖè§ªÕÇÔμ¢Í§¡ÒÃÃÐàËÂ¡ÅÒÂà»š¹äÍà·‹Ò¡Ñº 5.7 ªÑèÇâÁ§ ÊíÒËÃÑºáËÅ‹§¹éíÒ·Õè¹éíÒäËÅªŒÒáÅÐÅÁ¾Ñ ¤‹Í¹¢ŒÒ§ªŒÒ ¡ÒÃÃÐàËÂ¡ÅÒÂà»š¹äÍà¡Ô´ä ŒÍÂ‹Ò§ªŒÒ æ ¨Ò¡¡ÒÃ¤íÒ¹Ç³â´ÂãªŒáºº¨íÒÅÍ§·ÐàÅÊÒº·ÕèÁÕ¤ÇÒÁÅÖ¡ 1 àÁμÃ ¹éíÒäËÅŒÇÂ¤ÇÒÁàÃçÇ 0.05 àÁμÃ/ÇÔ¹Ò·Õ áÅÐ¤ÇÒÁàÃçÇÅÁàË¹×Í·ÐàÅÊÒºà·‹Ò¡Ñº 0.5 àÁμÃ/ÇÔ¹Ò·Õ

¤‹Ò¤ÃÖè§ªÕÇÔμ¢Í§¡ÒÃÃÐàËÂ¡ÅÒÂà»š¹äÍ¢Í§ methyl methacrylate ÁÕ¤‹Òà·‹Ò¡Ñº 4.8 ÇÑ¹ (Toxnet, 2011; Lyman et al., 1990)

7.6 ¡ÒÃà¡Ô´»¯Ô¡ÔÃÔÂÒÍÍ¡«Ôà´ªÑ¹ (oxidation) methyl methacrylate ã¹ÍÒ¡ÒÈ¶Ù¡ÍÍ¡«Ôä´Ê�â´ÂÍ¹ØÁÙÅÍÔÊÃÐäÎ´ÃÍ¡«ÔÅ ¼Å¼ÅÔμ¢Í§» Ô¡ÔÃÔÂÒ ¤×Í pyruvic acid, methyl pyruvate áÅÐÊÒÃ»ÃÐ¡Íº epoxide (Kao, 1994) ã¹ÍÒ¡ÒÈ»¡μÔ·ÕèÁÕ¤ÇÒÁà¢ŒÁ¢Œ¹¢Í§Í¹ØÁÙÅÍÔÊÃÐäÎ´ÃÍ¡«ÔÅà·‹Ò¡Ñº 5 105Í¹ØÁÙÅ/ÅÙ¡ºÒÈ¡�à«¹μÔàÁμÃ ¤‹Ò¤ÃÖè§ªÕÇÔμ¢Í§»¯Ô¡ÔÃÔÂÒ¹ÕéÁÕ¤‹Òà·‹Ò¡Ñº 1.1 - 15 ªÑèÇâÁ§ (Kao, 1994; Government of Canada,1993) methyl methacrylate ã¹ÍÒ¡ÒÈÂÑ§¶Ù¡ÍÍ¡«Ôä´Ê�ä Œâ´ÂâÍâ«¹ ã¹ÍÒ¡ÒÈ»¡μÔ·ÕèÁÕ¤ÇÒÁà¢ŒÁ¢Œ¹¢Í§âÍâ«¹à·‹Ò¡Ñº 7 1011 âÁàÅ¡ØÅ/ÅÙ¡ºÒÈ¡�à«¹μÔàÁμÃ ¤‹Ò¤ÃÖè§ªÕÇÔμ¢Í§»¯Ô¡ÔÃÔÂÒ¹ÕéÁÕ¤‹Òà·‹Ò¡Ñº 1 ÇÑ¹ (Toxnet, 2011) methyl methacrylate ã¹áËÅ‹§¹éíÒ¶Ù¡ÍÍ¡«Ôä´Ê �â´ÂÍ¹ØÁÙÅÍÔÊÃÐäÎ´ÃÍ¡«ÔÅä´ŒÍÂ‹Ò§ªŒÒ æ ã¹áËÅ‹§¹éíÒ·ÕèÁÕ¤ÇÒÁà¢ŒÁ¢Œ¹¢Í§Í¹ØÁÙÅÍÔÊÃÐäÎ´ÃÍ¡«ÔÅà·‹Ò¡Ñº 1 10-17 âÁÅ/ÅÔμÃ ¤‹Ò¤ÃÖè§ªÕÇÔμ¢Í§»¯Ô¡ÔÃÔÂÒÁÕ¤‹Òà·‹Ò¡Ñº 67 ÇÑ¹ (Toxnet, 2011)

7.7 ¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒÃÙ»áºº·Ò§ÃÐºº¹ÔàÇÈ (model ecosystem studies) ¡ÒÃμÃÇ¨¤Ø³ÀÒ¾ÍÒ¡ÒÈÊ‹Ç¹ãËÞ‹äÁ‹¾º¡ÒÃ»¹à»„œÍ¹¢Í§ methyl methacrylate áÅÐäÁ‹¾º¢ŒÍÁÙÅ¡ÒÃ»¹à»„œÍ¹ã¹áËÅ‹§¹éíÒ¼ÔÇ Ô¹ áÊ´§Ç‹Ò methyl methacrylate äÁ‹ãª‹ÊÒÃÁÅ¾ÔÉËÅÑ¡·Õè¾ºä Œã¹ÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ methyl methacrylate ÊÐÊÁã¹ÊÔè§ÁÕªÕÇÔμã¹¹éíÒä´Œà¾ÕÂ§àÅç¡¹ŒÍÂ áÅÐäÁ‹à»š¹¾ÔÉμ‹ÍÊÔè§ÁÕªÕÇÔμã¹¹éíÒ Ñ§¹Ñé¹ methyl methacrylate ¨Ö§ÁÕ¼Åμ‹ÍÃÐºº¹ÔàÇÈ¹ŒÍÂÁÒ¡


methyl methacrylate ÁÕ¤‹Ò¤ÇÒÁ´Ñ¹äÍ ·ÕèÍØ³ËÀÙÁÔ 25« à·‹Ò¡Ñº 38.5 ÁÔÅÅÔàÁμÃ»ÃÍ· Ñ§¹Ñé¹ methyl methacrylate ·Õè»¹à»„œÍ¹ã¹ÍÒ¡ÒÈ Ê‹Ç¹ãËÞ‹ÍÂÙ‹ã¹ÊÀÒÇÐ·Õèà»š¹äÍ áÅÐºÒ§Ê‹Ç¹ÃÇÁμÑÇ¡ÑºÍ¹ØÀÒ¤ã¹ÍÒ¡ÒÈ ã¹ÊÀÒÇÐ·Õèà»š¹äÍ¨Ðμ¡Å§ÊÙ‹áËÅ‹§¹éíÒ¼ÔÇ Ô¹áÅÐ Ô¹¨Ò¡¡ÒÃ¶Ù¡ªÐâ´Â½¹áÅÐËÔÁÐ (wet deposition) methyl methacrylate ÁÕ¤‹Ò Henry’s law constant à·‹Ò¡Ñº 3.2 10-4 ºÃÃÂÒ¡ÒÈ

ÅÙ¡ºÒÈ¡�àÁμÃ/âÁÅ Ñ§¹Ñé¹ methyl methacrylate ·Õè»¹à»„œÍ¹ã¹áËÅ‹§¹éíÒ¨ÐÃÐàËÂ¡ÅÒÂà»š¹äÍ¡ÅÑºà¢ŒÒÊÙ‹ÍÒ¡ÒÈ ÁÕºÒ§Ê‹Ç¹·Õè¶Ù¡ÍÍ¡«Ôä´Ê�â´ÂÍ¹ØÁÙÅÍÔÊÃÐäÎ´ÃÍ¡«ÔÅä´ŒÍÂ‹Ò§ªŒÒ æ áÅÐàÁ×èÍ¾Ô ÒÃ³Ò¨Ò¡¤‹ÒÊÑÁ»ÃÐÊÔ· Ôì¡ÒÃ Ù «Ñºã¹ Ô¹ (Koc) «Öè§à·‹Ò¡Ñº 9 - 95 áÊ´§Ç‹Ò methyl methacrylate ·Õè»¹à»„œÍ¹ã¹áËÅ‹§¹éíÒ¨ÐÃÇÁμÑÇ¡ÑºÍ¹ØÀÒ¤ã¹¹éíÒä Œà¾ÕÂ§àÅç¡¹ŒÍÂ methyl methacrylate ÊÐÊÁã¹ÊÔè§ÁÕªÕÇÔμä Œà¾ÕÂ§¹ŒÍÂ bioconcentration factor (BCF) ÁÕ¤‹Òà·‹Ò¡Ñº 4 à·‹Ò¹Ñé¹ (Toxnet, 2011) methyl methacrylate ·Õè»¹à»„œÍ¹ã¹´Ô¹Ê‹Ç¹ãËÞ‹¨ÐÃÐàËÂ¡ÅÒÂà»š¹äÍÊÙ‹ÍÒ¡ÒÈ ¨ÐÃÇÁμÑÇ¡ÑºÊÒÃÍÔ¹·ÃÕÂ�ã¹ Ô¹ä Œà¾ÕÂ§àÅç¡¹ŒÍÂ ¨Ö§à¤Å×èÍ¹μÑÇã¹ Ô¹ä Œ´ÕÁÒ¡ ¡ÒÃ¤íÒ¹Ç³¡ÒÃ¡ÃÐ¨ÒÂμÑÇã¹ÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ â´ÂãªŒáºº¨íÒÅÍ§·Ò§¤³ÔμÈÒÊμÃ�«Öè§ãªŒ¾ÒÃÒÁÔàμÍÃ�μ‹Ò§ æ àª‹¹ ¤‹Ò¡ÒÃÅÐÅÒÂ¹éíÒ ¤‹ÒÊÑÁ»ÃÐÊÔ· Ôì¡ÒÃÃÇÁμÑÇ¡Ñº Ô¹ ¤‹Ò Henry’s law constant ¡ÒÃÊÅÒÂμÑÇã¹ÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ áÅÐ¡ÒÃÊÐÊÁã¹ÊÔè§ÁÕªÕÇÔμ ¾ºÇ‹Ò methyl metha-crylate ·Õè»¹à»„œÍ¹ã¹ÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ¨Ð¡ÃÐ¨ÒÂμÑÇÍÂÙ‹ã¹ÍÒ¡ÒÈ áËÅ‹§¹éíÒ ´Ô¹ áÅÐÊÔè§ÁÕªÕÇÔμà·‹Ò¡ÑºÃŒÍÂÅÐ 84.2, 15.6, 0.14 áÅÐ < 0.1 ¢Í§»ÃÔÁÒ³ã¹ÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ·Ñé§ËÁ´ μÒÁÅíÒ´Ñº (UNEP, 2011)

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9.1 ¡ÒÃ´Ù´«ÖÁ (absorption) methyl methacrylate ¶Ù¡ Ù´«ÖÁà¢ŒÒ¡ÃÐáÊàÅ×Í´ä´Œ¨Ò¡¡ÒÃ¡Ô¹ ÊÙ´´Á áÅÐ·Ò§¼ÔÇË¹Ñ§ ¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒã¹Ë¹Ù rat ÊÒÂ¾Ñ¹¸Ø� Wastar à¾È¼ÙŒ ä ŒÃÑº [14C] methyl methacrylate ·Ò§»Ò¡ »ÃÔÁÒ³ 5.7 ÁÔÅÅÔ¡ÃÑÁ/¡ÔâÅ¡ÃÑÁ¹éíÒË¹Ñ¡μÑÇ ¤ÃÑé§à ÕÂÇ ¾ºÇ‹Ò ÊÒÃ¡ÑÁÁÑ¹μÃÑ§ÊÕÃŒÍÂÅÐ 65 ¢Í§»ÃÔÁÒ³·Õèä ŒÃÑº¶Ù¡¢ÑºÍÍ¡·Ò§ÅÁËÒÂã¨ÀÒÂã¹ 2 ªÑèÇâÁ§ËÅÑ§ä ŒÃÑºÊÒÃ áÊ´§ãËŒàËç¹Ç‹Ò methyl methacrylate ¶Ù¡ Ù´«ÖÁà¢ŒÒ¡ÃÐáÊàÅ×Í´ä´Œ¨Ò¡¡ÒÃä ŒÃÑºÊÒÃâ´Â¡ÒÃ¡Ô¹ä ŒÍÂ‹Ò§ÃÇ´àÃçÇ (Bratt and Hathway, 1977) ¹Í¡¨Ò¡¹Õé Bereznowski (1995) ÂÑ§μÃÇ¨¾º methacrylic acid ã¹àÅ×Í´¢Í§Ë¹Ù rat à¾ÕÂ§ 5 ¹Ò·Õ ËÅÑ§¨Ò¡·ÕèË¹Ùä ŒÃÑº methyl methacrylate ·Ò§»Ò¡»ÃÔÁÒ³ 800 ÁÔÅÅÔ¡ÃÑÁ/¡ÔâÅ¡ÃÑÁ¹éíÒË¹Ñ¡μÑÇ methacrylic acid à»š¹àÁ·μÒâºäÅμ�áÃ¡¢Í§ methyl methacrylate [´ÙÃÒÂÅÐàÍÕÂ´ã¹ËÑÇ¢ŒÍ 9.4 àÁ·μÒâºÅÔ«ÖÁ (metabolism)] ¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒ¼Åμ‹Í¡ÒÃ¾Ñ²¹Ò¢Í§μÑÇÍ‹Í¹ã¹Ë¹Ù rat ÊÒÂ¾Ñ¹¸Ø� Sprague-Dawley à¾ÈàÁÕÂ «Öè§ä ŒÃÑº methyl methacrylate â´Â¡ÒÃÊÙ´´Áã¹μÙŒ·´ÅÍ§ ÃÐËÇ‹Ò§ÇÑ¹·Õè 6 - 15 ¢Í§¡ÒÃμÑé§·ŒÍ§ ¤ÇÒÁ¼Ô »¡μÔ¢Í§μÑÇÍ‹Í¹·ÕèÁÕ¤ÇÒÁÊÑÁ¾Ñ¹¸ �¡Ñº»ÃÔÁÒ³¢Í§ methyl metha-crylate ·ÕèáÁ‹Ë¹Ùä ŒÃÑº ¤×Í ¡ÒÃÊÃŒÒ§¡ÃÐ Ù¡Í¡·ÕèªŒÒ¡Ç‹Ò»¡μÔ (delayed ossifi cation of sternae) áÊ´§Ç‹Ò methyl methacrylate ¶Ù¡ Ù «ÖÁà¢ŒÒ¡ÃÐáÊàÅ×Í´¨Ò¡¡ÒÃÊÙ ´Áä Œ ÕÁÒ¡ [ ÙÃÒÂÅÐàÍÕÂ´ã¹ËÑÇ¢ŒÍ 11.7 ¼Åμ‹Í¡ÒÃ¾Ñ²¹Ò¢Í§μÑÇÍ‹Í¹ (embryotropic action)] ¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒã¹Ë¹Ù rat ÊÒÂ¾Ñ¹¸Ø� Wastar à¾È¼ÙŒ ä ŒÃÑº methyl methacrylate â´Â¡ÒÃ»‡ÒÂº¹¼ÔÇË¹Ñ§Ê‹Ç¹ËÒ§«Öè§ÁÕ¾×é¹·Õèà·‹Ò¡Ñº 12 μÒÃÒ§à«¹μÔàÁμÃ ¾ºÇ‹Ò methyl methacrylate ¶Ù¡ Ù´«ÖÁà¢ŒÒ¡ÃÐáÊàÅ×Í´ 780 ÁÔÅÅÔ¡ÃÑÁ ã¹àÇÅÒ 3 ªÑèÇâÁ§ (Verkkala et al., 1983)

9.2 ¡ÒÃá¾Ã‹¡ÃÐ¨ÒÂ (distribution) methyl methacrylate ÊÒÁÒÃ¶á¾Ã‹¡ÃÐ¨ÒÂä»ÂÑ§ÍÇÑÂÇÐμ‹Ò§ æ ä Œ ¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒã¹Ë¹Ù rat ÊÒÂ¾Ñ¹ Ø� Sprague-Dawley «Öè§áº‹§à»š¹ 4 ¡ÅØ‹Á Ë¹Ùä ŒÃÑº methyl methacrylate â´Â¡ÒÃÊÙ´´Á ¤ÇÒÁà¢ŒÁ¢Œ¹ 395.9 ÁÔÅÅÔ¡ÃÑÁ/ÅÙ¡ºÒÈ¡�àÁμÃ à»š¹ÃÐÂÐàÇÅÒ 1, 2, 3 áÅÐ

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4 ªÑèÇâÁ§ μÒÁÅíÒ´Ñº ¡ÒÃμÃÇ¨ÇÔà¤ÃÒÐË�¾º¤ÇÒÁà¢ŒÁ¢Œ¹¢Í§ methyl methacrylate ÊÙ§ÊØã¹àÅ×Í´ ÊÁÍ§áÅÐ»Í´ methyl methacrylate ã¹ÍÇÑÂÇÐ·Ñé§ 3 ·Õè¾ºã¹Ë¹Ù·Ñé§ 4 ¡ÅØ‹ÁÁÕ»ÃÔÁÒ³·ÕèäÁ‹áμ¡μ‹Ò§¡Ñ¹ ¤ÇÒÁà¢ŒÁ¢Œ¹·Õè¾ºã¹àÅ×Í´à·‹Ò¡Ñº 1,140 äÁâ¤Ã¡ÃÑÁ/ÁÔÅÅÔÅÔμÃ áÅÐ»ÃÔÁÒ³·Õè¾ºã¹ÊÁÍ§áÅÐ»Í´à·‹Ò¡Ñº 25.24 áÅÐ 20.6 äÁâ¤Ã¡ÃÑÁ/¡ÃÑÁ μÒÁÅíÒ´Ñº (Raje et al., 1985) methyl methacrylate ÂÑ§á¾Ã‹¡ÃÐ¨ÒÂä»ÂÑ§ÍÇÑÂÇÐÍ×è¹ æ àª‹¹ μÑº à¹×éÍàÂ×èÍä¢ÁÑ¹ áÅÐ¼ÔÇË¹Ñ§ [ ÙÃÒÂÅÐàÍÕÂ´ã¹ËÑÇ¢ŒÍ 9.5 ¡ÒÃ¢ÑºÍÍ¡¨Ò¡Ã‹Ò§¡ÒÂ (excretion)]

9.3 ¡ÒÃÊÐÊÁã¹Ã‹Ò§¡ÒÂ (bioconcentration) methyl methacrylate ¶Ù¡àÁ·μÒâºäÅÊ�ä ŒÍÂ‹Ò§ÃÇ´àÃçÇ ¨Ö§ÊÐÊÁã¹Ã‹Ò§¡ÒÂä Œ¹ŒÍÂÁÒ¡ ¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒã¹Ë¹Ù rat ·Õèä ŒÃÑº [14C] methyl methacrylate â´Â¡ÒÃãËŒ·Ò§»Ò¡áÅÐâ´Â¡ÒÃ©Õ à¢ŒÒàÊŒ¹àÅ×Í´ ¾ºÇ‹Ò methyl methacrylate ¶Ù¡àÁ·μÒâºäÅÊ�áÅÐ¶Ù¡¢ÑºÍÍ¡¨Ò¡Ã‹Ò§¡ÒÂ·Ò§ÅÁËÒÂã¨ »ÊÊÒÇÐ áÅÐÍØ¨¨ÒÃÐä´ŒÁÒ¡¡Ç‹ÒÃŒÍÂÅÐ 90 ¢Í§»ÃÔÁÒ³·Õèä ŒÃÑºÀÒÂã¹ 10 ÇÑ¹ËÅÑ§ä ŒÃÑºÊÒÃ [´ÙÃÒÂÅÐàÍÕÂ´ã¹ËÑÇ¢ŒÍ 9.5 ¡ÒÃ¢ÑºÍÍ¡¨Ò¡Ã‹Ò§¡ÒÂ (excretion)] »ÃÔÁÒ³ÊÒÃ¡ÑÁÁÑ¹μÃÑ§ÊÕ·Õè¾ºÍÂÙ‹ã¹Ã‹Ò§¡ÒÂà¾ÕÂ§ÃŒÍÂÅÐ 4.1 áÅÐ 6.6 ¢Í§»ÃÔÁÒ³·Õèä ŒÃÑºâ´Â¡ÒÃ¡Ô¹áÅÐâ´Â¡ÒÃ©Õ à¢ŒÒàÊŒ¹àÅ×Í´¹Ñé¹ Ê‹Ç¹ãËÞ‹ÊÐÊÁã¹μÑºáÅÐà¹×éÍàÂ×èÍä¢ÁÑ¹ (Bratt and Hathway, 1977)

9.4 àÁ·μÒâºÅÔ«ÖÁ (metabolism) ¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒã¹Ë¹Ù rat ·Õèä ŒÃÑº [14C] methyl methacrylate â´Â¡ÒÃãËŒ·Ò§»Ò¡áÅÐâ´Â¡ÒÃ©Õ´à¢ŒÒàÊŒ¹àÅ×Í´ ¾ºÇ‹Ò methyl methacrylate ¶Ù¡àÁ·μÒâºäÅÊ �â´ÂàÍ¹ä«Á� esterase ä´Œ methacrylic acid áÅÐ methanol ·Ñé§¹Õé methacrylic acid ¨Ð¶Ù¡àÁ·μÒâºäÅÊ �μ‹Íä´Œ methacrylate CoA ester «Öè§¨Ðà¡Ô´»¯Ô¡ÔÃÔÂÒμ‹Íà¹×èÍ§ ¤×Í »¯Ô¡ÔÃÔÂÒ¡ÒÃÊÃŒÒ§ËÁÙ‹äÎ´ÃÍ¡«ÔÅ (hydroxylation) ä´Œà»š¹ -hydroxyisobutyric acid áÅŒÇ¨Ö§à¡Ô´»¯Ô¡ÔÃÔÂÒÍÍ¡«Ôà´ªÑ¹ áÅÐ¡ÒÃÊÃŒÒ§àÍÊàμÍÃ � (esterifi cation) ä Œà»š¹ methylmalonyl CoA «Öè§Ã‹Ò§¡ÒÂÊÒÁÒÃ¶¹íÒä»ãªŒ»ÃÐâÂª¹�ä Œâ´Âà¢ŒÒÊÙ‹ citric acid cycle ä Œ ATP ÊíÒËÃÑºãªŒà»š¹¾ÅÑ§§Ò¹μ‹Íä» Ñ§¹Ñé¹ ¨Ö§¾Ô¨ÒÃ³Òä´ŒÇ‹ÒàÁ·μÒâºäÅμ�ÊØ´·ŒÒÂ¢Í§ methyl methacrylate ¤×Í carbon dioxide «Öè§¨Ð¶Ù¡¢ÑºÍÍ¡·Ò§ÅÁËÒÂã¨ (Bratt and Hathway, 1977) ¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒã¹ÍÒÊÒÊÁÑ¤Ã·Õèä ŒÃÑº methyl methacrylate â´Â¡ÒÃ¡Ô¹ ÊÒÁÒÃ¶μÃÇ¨¾ºàÁ·μÒâºäÅμ�μ‹Ò§ æ ã¹»ÊÊÒÇÐàËÁ×Í¹¡Ñº·Õè¾ºã¹Ë¹Ù áÅÐÂÑ§¾º methylmalonic acid ã¹»ÊÊÒÇÐÍÕ¡ áÊ´§Ç‹Ò àÁ·μÒâºÅÔ«ÖÁ¢Í§ methyl methacrylate ã¹Ë¹Ù rat áÅÐÁ¹ØÉÂ �ÁÕÅÑ¡É³Ð¤ÅŒÒÂ¤ÅÖ§¡Ñ¹


9.5 ¡ÒÃ¢ÑºÍÍ¡¨Ò¡Ã‹Ò§¡ÒÂ (excretion) methyl methacrylate Ê‹Ç¹ãËÞ‹¶Ù¡¢ÑºÍÍ¡¨Ò¡Ã‹Ò§¡ÒÂã¹ÃÙ»¢Í§á¡�Ê carbon dioxide ¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒã¹Ë¹Ù rat «Öè§ä ŒÃÑº [14C] methyl methacrylate ·Ò§»Ò¡áÅÐâ´Â¡ÒÃ©Õ´à¢ŒÒàÊŒ¹àÅ×Í´ ã¹ÃÐÂÐàÇÅÒ 10 ÇÑ¹ËÅÑ§ä ŒÃÑºÊÒÃ Ë¹Ù¢Ñº 14CO2 ÍÍ¡ã¹ÅÁËÒÂã¨ÃÇÁÃŒÍÂÅÐ 88 áÅÐ 84 ¢Í§»ÃÔÁÒ³ methyl methacrylate ·Õèä ŒÃÑº·Ò§»Ò¡áÅÐâ´Â¡ÒÃ©Õ´à¢ŒÒàÊŒ¹àÅ×Í´ μÒÁÅíÒ´Ñº Ñ§áÊ´§ã¹μÒÃÒ§·Õè 5 14CO2 ¤×Í ¡�Ò« carbon dioxide ·Õèä Œ¨Ò¡àÁ·μÒâºÅÔ«ÖÁ¢Í§ [14C] methyl methacrylate

μÒÃÒ§·Õè 5 »ÃÔÁÒ³ÊÒÃ¡ÑÁÁÑ¹μÃÑ§ÊÕ·Õè¶Ù¡¢ÑºÍÍ¡¨Ò¡Ã‹Ò§¡ÒÂ·Ò§ÅÁËÒÂã¨ »ÊÊÒÇÐ ÍØ ¨ÒÃÐ áÅÐ·Õèμ¡¤ŒÒ§ã¹Ã‹Ò§¡ÒÂ¢Í§Ë¹Ù rat «Öè§ä ŒÃÑº [14C] methyl methacrylate ·Ò§»Ò¡áÅÐâ´Â¡ÒÃ©Õ´à¢ŒÒàÊŒ¹àÅ×Í´

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88.084.0

0.10.7

4.76.6

2.71.7

4.16.6

99.699.6

·ÕèÁÒ: Bratt and Hathway (1977)1 »ÃÔÁÒ³ [14C] methyl methacrylate ·ÕèË¹Ù rat ä ŒÃÑº·Ò§»Ò¡áÅÐâ´Â¡ÒÃ©Õ´à¢ŒÒàÊŒ¹àÅ×Í´à·‹Ò¡Ñº

5.7 ÁÔÅÅÔ¡ÃÑÁ/¡ÔâÅ¡ÃÑÁ¹éíÒË¹Ñ¡μÑÇ à¾ÕÂ§¤ÃÑé§à ÕÂÇ2 14CO2 ¤×Í ¡�Ò« carbon dioxide ·Õèä Œ¨Ò¡àÁ·μÒâºÅÔ«ÖÁ¢Í§ [14C] methyl methacrylate MMA

à»š¹»ÃÔÁÒ³ methyl methacrylate ·ÕèäÁ‹¶Ù¡àÁ·μÒâºäÅÊ �


methyl methacrylate ÁÕ¾ÔÉà©ÕÂº¾ÅÑ¹¹ŒÍÂ (slightly hazardous) àÁ×èÍãËŒ·Ò§»Ò¡ËÃ×Í»‡ÒÂº¹¼ÔÇË¹Ñ§ã¹ÊÑμÇ�àÅÕéÂ§ÅÙ¡ ŒÇÂ¹Á LD50 â´Â¡ÒÃãËŒ·Ò§»Ò¡ã¹Ë¹Ù rat Ë¹Ù mouse Ë¹ÙμÐàÀÒ áÅÐÊØ¹Ñ¢ ÁÕ¤‹Òà·‹Ò¡Ñº 7,900 - 9,400; 5,200 - 5,300; 5,900 áÅÐ 4,700 ÁÔÅÅÔ¡ÃÑÁ/¡ÔâÅ¡ÃÑÁ¹éíÒË¹Ñ¡μÑÇ μÒÁÅíÒ´Ñº LD50 â´Â¡ÒÃ»‡ÒÂº¹¼ÔÇË¹Ñ§¡ÃÐμ‹ÒÂÁÕ¤‹ÒÁÒ¡¡Ç‹Ò 9,400 ÁÔÅÅÔ¡ÃÑÁ/¡ÔâÅ¡ÃÑÁ¹éíÒË¹Ñ¡μÑÇ LD50 â´Â¡ÒÃ©Õ´à¢ŒÒª‹Í§·ŒÍ§ã¹Ë¹Ù rat áÅÐË¹Ù mouse ÁÕ¤‹Òà·‹Ò¡Ñº 2,643 áÅÐ 944 - 1,130 ÁÔÅÅÔ¡ÃÑÁ/¡ÔâÅ¡ÃÑÁ¹éíÒË¹Ñ¡μÑÇ μÒÁÅíÒ´Ñº LD50 â´Â¡ÒÃ©Õ´à¢ŒÒãμŒ¼ÔÇË¹Ñ§ã¹Ë¹Ù rat Ë¹Ù mouse áÅÐÊØ¹Ñ¢ÁÕ¤‹Òà·‹Ò¡Ñº 7,080; 5,947 áÅÐ 4,248 ÁÔÅÅÔ¡ÃÑÁ/¡ÔâÅ¡ÃÑÁ¹éíÒË¹Ñ¡μÑÇ μÒÁÅíÒ´Ñº LC50 ¢Í§ methyl methacrylate ã¹Ë¹Ù rat â´Â¡ÒÃÊÙ´´Á·Õè 4 áÅÐ 8 ªÑèÇâÁ§ ÁÕ¤‹Òà·‹Ò¡Ñº 7,093 áÅÐ 3,750 ¾Õ¾ÕàÍçÁ μÒÁÅíÒ´Ñº ÍÒ¡ÒÃ¾ÔÉà©ÕÂº¾ÅÑ¹·Õè¾ºã¹ÊÑμÇ�·´ÅÍ§»ÃÐÁÒ³ 15 ¹Ò·ÕËÅÑ§ä ŒÃÑºÊÒÃ ¤×Í ÍÑμÃÒ¡ÒÃËÒÂã¨à¾ÔèÁ¢Öé¹ áÅÐÁÕÍÒ¡ÒÃÍ‹Í¹à»ÅÕéÂ¢Í§¡ÅŒÒÁà¹×éÍ »ÃÐÁÒ³ 15 - 40 ¹Ò·Õ ËÅÑ§ä ŒÃÑºÊÒÃ ÊÑμÇ�·´ÅÍ§ÁÕÍÑμÃÒ¡ÒÃËÒÂã¨Å´Å§ ¡ÒÃËÒÂã¨äÁ‹ÊÁèíÒàÊÁÍ »˜ÊÊÒÇÐáÅÐÍØ¨¨ÒÃÐà¾ÔèÁ¢Öé¹ ÁÕàÅ×Í´ÍÍ¡ã¹»˜ÊÊÒÇÐ Ã‹Ò§¡ÒÂÊÙÞàÊÕÂÃÕà¿Åç¡«� â¤Á‹Ò áÅÐμÒÂ (U.S. EPA, 1998) ¤‹Ò LD50 áÅÐ LC50 ¢Í§ methyl methacrylate ã¹ÊÑμÇ�àÅÕéÂ§ÅÙ¡ ŒÇÂ¹ÁáÊ´§ã¹μÒÃÒ§·Õè 6

¤ÇÒÁà»š¹¾ÔÉμ ‹ÍÊÑμÇ �àÅÕéÂ§ÅÙ¡´ŒÇÂ¹Ámammalian toxicity

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μÒÃÒ§·Õè 6 ¤‹Ò LD50 áÅÐ LC50 ¢Í§ methyl methacrylate ã¹ÊÑμÇ�àÅÕéÂ§ÅÙ¡ ŒÇÂ¹Á

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7,9008,4008,5009,400

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Deichmann (1941)Autian (1975)Ouyang et al. (1990)Spealman et al. (1945)

Tanii and Hashimoto (1982)Lawrence et al. (1974)

Tanii and Hashimoto (1982)

Deichmann (1941)

Autian (1975)

Lawrence et al. (1974)

Spealman et al. (1945)Lawrence et al. (1974)

Spealman et al. (1945)



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3,750

Tansy et al. (1980)

Autian (1975)

* Ë¹‹ÇÂ¢Í§ LD50 ¤×Í ÁÔÅÅÔ¡ÃÑÁ/¡ÔâÅ¡ÃÑÁ¹éíÒË¹Ñ¡μÑÇ Ë¹‹ÇÂ¢Í§ LC50 ¤×Í ¾Õ¾ÕàÍçÁ


11.1 » Ô¡ÔÃÔÂÒ·Ò§ªÕÇà¤ÁÕ (biochemical interactions) methyl methacrylate ÊÒÁÒÃ¶ÂÑºÂÑé§¡ÒÃ·íÒ§Ò¹¢Í§àÍ¹ä«Á�·ÕèàÁ·μÒâºäÅÊ�ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕÍ×è¹ä Œ àª‹¹ pentobarbital sodium [´ÙÃÒÂÅÐàÍÕÂ´ã¹ËÑÇ¢ŒÍ 11.4 ¡ÒÃàÊÃÔÁ¾ÔÉ/¡ÒÃμŒÒ¹¾ÔÉ (potentiation/ antagonism)]

11.2 ¡ÒÃà»š¹ÊÒÃ¡‹ÍÁÐàÃç§ (carcinogenicity) ¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒ¢Í§ National Toxicology Program »ÃÐà·ÈÊËÃÑ°ÍàÁÃÔ¡Ò ¾ºÇ‹Ò methyl methacrylate äÁ‹à»š¹ÊÒÃ¡‹ÍÁÐàÃç§ã¹Ë¹Ù rat áÅÐË¹Ù mouse ¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒã¹Ë¹Ù rat ÊÒÂ¾Ñ¹¸Ø� Fischer 344/N «Öè§áº‹§à»š¹¡ÅØ‹Á¤Çº¤ØÁ 1 ¡ÅØ‹Á áÅÐ¡ÅØ‹Á·´ÅÍ§ 2 ¡ÅØ‹Á áμ‹ÅÐ¡ÅØ‹Á»ÃÐ¡Íº´ŒÇÂË¹Ùà¾È¼ÙŒ 50 μÑÇ áÅÐà¾ÈàÁÕÂ 50 μÑÇ Ë¹Ùà¾È¼ÙŒ¢Í§¡ÅØ‹Á·´ÅÍ§ä´ŒÃÑº methyl methacrylate â´Â¡ÒÃÊÙ´´Á¤ÇÒÁà¢ŒÁ¢Œ¹ 2,048 áÅÐ 4,096 ÁÔÅÅÔ¡ÃÑÁ/ÅÙ¡ºÒÈ¡�àÁμÃ Ë¹Ùà¾ÈàÁÕÂ¢Í§¡ÅØ‹Á·´ÅÍ§ä´ŒÃÑº methyl metha-crylate â´Â¡ÒÃÊÙ´´Á¤ÇÒÁà¢ŒÁ¢Œ¹ 1,024 áÅÐ 2,048 ÁÔÅÅÔ¡ÃÑÁ/ÅÙ¡ºÒÈ¡�àÁμÃ Ë¹Ù·Ñé§ 2 à¾È¢Í§¡ÅØ‹Á·´ÅÍ§ä ŒÃÑº methyl methacrylate â´Â¡ÒÃÊÙ ´Áà»š¹àÇÅÒ 6 ªÑèÇâÁ§/ÇÑ¹ 5 ÇÑ¹/ÊÑ»´ÒË� ÃÐÂÐàÇÅÒ·Ñé§ÊÔé¹ 2 »‚ ¡ÒÃμÃÇ¨¾ÂÒ¸ÔÊÀÒ¾¢Í§Ë¹ÙàÁ×èÍÊÔé¹ÊØ´¡ÒÃ·´ÅÍ§ äÁ‹¾º¡ÒÃà¡Ô´ÁÐàÃç§¢Í§ÍÇÑÂÇÐã´·Õèà¾ÔèÁ¢Öé¹¨Ò¡Ë¹Ù¡ÅØ‹Á¤Çº¤ØÁ (NTP, 1986) ¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒã¹Ë¹Ù mouse ÊÒÂ¾Ñ¹¸Ø� B6C3F1 «Öè§áº‹§à»š¹¡ÅØ‹Á¤Çº¤ØÁ 1 ¡ÅØ‹Á áÅÐ¡ÅØ‹Á·´ÅÍ§ 2 ¡ÅØ‹Á áμ‹ÅÐ¡ÅØ‹Á»ÃÐ¡Íº´ŒÇÂË¹Ùà¾È¼ÙŒ 50 μÑÇ áÅÐà¾ÈàÁÕÂ 50 μÑÇ Ë¹Ù·Ñé§ 2 à¾È¢Í§¡ÅØ‹Á·´ÅÍ§ä´ŒÃÑº methyl methacrylate â´Â¡ÒÃÊÙ´´Á¤ÇÒÁà¢ŒÁ¢Œ¹ 2,048 áÅÐ 4,096 ÁÔÅÅÔ¡ÃÑÁ/ÅÙ¡ºÒÈ¡�àÁμÃ 6 ªÑèÇâÁ§/ÇÑ¹ 5 ÇÑ¹/ÊÑ»´ÒË� à»š¹àÇÅÒ 2 »‚ ¡ÒÃμÃÇ¨¾ÂÒ¸ÔÊÀÒ¾¢Í§Ë¹Ù àÁ×èÍÊÔé¹ÊØ´¡ÒÃ·´ÅÍ§ äÁ‹¾º¡ÒÃà¡Ô´ÁÐàÃç§¢Í§ÍÇÑÂÇÐã´·Õèà¾ÔèÁ¢Öé¹¨Ò¡Ë¹Ù¡ÅØ‹Á¤Çº¤ØÁ (NTP, 1986) à¹×èÍ§¨Ò¡ äÁ‹ÁÕ¢ŒÍÁÙÅÇ‹Ò methyl methacrylate ·íÒãËŒà¡Ô´ÁÐàÃç§ã¹Á¹ØÉÂ � ¡Í»Ã¡Ñº¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒã¹ÊÑμÇ�·´ÅÍ§áÊ´§ãËŒàËç¹Ç‹Ò methyl methacrylate äÁ‹¡‹ÍãËŒà¡Ô ÁÐàÃç§ Ñ§¹Ñé¹ International Agency for Research on Cancer Ö§¡íÒË¹´ãËŒ methyl metha-

crylate à»š¹ÊÒÃã¹¡ÅØ‹Á 3 ¤×Í äÁ‹¡‹ÍãËŒà¡Ô´ÁÐàÃç§ã¹Á¹ØÉÂ � (Group 3, not classifi able

¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒ¤ÇÒÁà»š¹¾ÔÉà©¾ÒÐ´ŒÒ¹special toxicity studies

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as to its carcinogenicity to humans) (IARC, 2011) U.S. EPA (1998) ¡íÒË¹´ãËŒ methyl methacrylate à»š¹ÊÒÃã¹¡ÅØ‹Á E ¤×Í ÁÕËÅÑ¡°Ò¹Ç‹ÒäÁ‹¡‹ÍãËŒà¡Ô´ÁÐàÃç§ã¹Á¹ØÉÂ � (Group E: evidence of non-carcinogenicity for humans)

11.3 ¡ÒÃà»š¹ÊÒÃ¡‹Íà¡Ô´¡ÒÃ¡ÅÒÂ¾Ñ¹ Ø� (mutagenicity) methyl methacrylate äÁ‹à»š¹ÊÒÃ¡‹Íà¡Ô ¡ÒÃ¡ÅÒÂ¾Ñ¹¸Ø�ã¹¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒ short term test ·ÕèãªŒà«ÅÅ �áº¤·ÕàÃÕÂ áμ‹à»š¹ÊÒÃ¡‹Íà¡Ô´¡ÒÃ¡ÅÒÂ¾Ñ¹¸Ø�ã¹¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒ short term test ·ÕèãªŒà«ÅÅ �¢Í§ÊÑμÇ�àÅÕéÂ§ÅÙ¡ ŒÇÂ¹Á Ñ§¹Õé methyl methacrylate äÁ‹à»š¹ÊÒÃ¡‹Íà¡Ô´¡ÒÃ¡ÅÒÂ¾Ñ¹¸Ø�ã¹¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒ Ames test ·ÕèãªŒáº¤·ÕàÃÕÂ Salmonella Typhimurium ÊÒÂ¾Ñ¹¸Ø� TA 97, TA 98, TA 100, áÅÐ TA 1535 ã¹¡ÒÃ·´ÅÍ§·ÕèÁÕáÅÐäÁ‹ÁÕàÍ¹ä«Á � Ò¡μÑºË¹Ùà¾×èÍª‹ÇÂàÁ·μÒâºÅÔ«ÖÁ (NTP, 1986) methyl methacrylate à»š¹ÊÒÃ¡‹Íà¡Ô ¡ÒÃ¡ÅÒÂ¾Ñ¹¸Ø �ã¹¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒ·ÕèãªŒ L5178Y/TK+/- mouse lymphoma áÅÐ¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒ¡ÒÃáÅ¡à»ÅÕèÂ¹àÊŒ¹â¤ÃÁÒμÔ (sister-chromatid exchange) áÅÐ¤ÇÒÁ¼Ô »¡μÔ¢Í§â¤ÃâÁâ«Á (chromosomal aberration) â´ÂãªŒ Chinese hamster ovary cell ã¹¡ÒÃ·´ÅÍ§·ÕèÁÕáÅÐäÁ‹ÁÕàÍ¹ä«Á �¨Ò¡μÑºË¹Ùà¾×èÍª‹ÇÂàÁ·μÒâºÅÔ«ÖÁ (NTP, 1986)

11.4 ¡ÒÃàÊÃÔÁ¾ÔÉ/¡ÒÃμŒÒ¹¾ÔÉ (potentiation/antagonism) methyl methacrylate ÊÒÁÒÃ¶ÂÑºÂÑé§¡ÒÃ·íÒ§Ò¹àÍ¹ä«Á �·ÕèàÁ·μÒâºäÅÊ �ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕÍ×è¹ä Œ ¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒã¹Ë¹Ù mouse ÊÒÂ¾Ñ¹¸Ø� ICR «Öè§áº‹§à»š¹¡ÅØ‹Á¤Çº¤ØÁ 1 ¡ÅØ‹Á áÅÐ¡ÅØ‹Á·´ÅÍ§ 3 ¡ÅØ‹Á áμ‹ÅÐ¡ÅØ‹Á»ÃÐ¡Íº´ŒÇÂË¹Ùà¾È¼ÙŒ 10 μÑÇ Ë¹Ù¡ÅØ‹Á·´ÅÍ§·Ñé§ 3 ¡ÅØ‹Á ä ŒÃÑº methyl methacrylate â´Â¡ÒÃÊÙ´´Á·Õè¤ÇÒÁà¢ŒÁ¢Œ¹ 164.22 ÁÔÅÅÔ¡ÃÑÁ/ÅÔμÃ à»š¹àÇÅÒ 2.7, 5.4 áÅÐ 13.48 ¹Ò·Õ/ÇÑ¹ ÃÐÂÐàÇÅÒ·Ñé§ÊÔé¹ 3 ÇÑ¹ ËÅÑ§¨Ò¡¡ÒÃä ŒÃÑº methyl methacrylate ¤ÃÑé§ÊØ´·ŒÒÂáÅŒÇà»š¹àÇÅÒ 24 ªÑèÇâÁ§ Ë¹Ù·Ø¡¡ÅØ‹Áä ŒÃÑºÂÒ¹Í¹ËÅÑº pentobarbital sodium â´Â¡ÒÃ©Õ´à¢ŒÒª‹Í§·ŒÍ§ ÁÕ¡ÒÃºÑ¹·Ö¡àÇÅÒμÑé§áμ‹Ë¹ÙËÅÑº¨¹Ë¹Ùμ×è¹ÃÙŒÊÖ¡μÑÇ (sleeping time) àÇÅÒ·ÕèË¹Ù¡ÅØ‹Á¤Çº¤ØÁËÅÑºÁÕ¤‹Òà·‹Ò¡Ñº 89.48 ¹Ò·Õ ÊíÒËÃÑº¡ÅØ‹Á·´ÅÍ§·Ñé§ 3 ¡ÅØ‹ÁàÇÅÒ·ÕèË¹ÙËÅÑºÁÕ¤‹Òà·‹Ò¡Ñº 160.88, 179.98 áÅÐ 254.37 ¹Ò·Õ μÒÁÅíÒ´Ñº áÊ´§ãËŒàËç¹Ç‹Ò methyl methacrylate ÊÒÁÒÃ¶ÂÑºÂÑé§àÍ¹ä«Á�·ÕèàÁ·μÒâºäÅÊ � pentobarbital sodium áÅÐÃÐÂÐàÇÅÒ·ÕèË¹ÙËÅÑº¢Öé¹ÍÂÙ‹¡ÑºÃÐÂÐàÇÅÒ·ÕèË¹Ùä ŒÃÑº methyl methacrylate ´Ñ§¹Ñé¹ ¼ÙŒ·Õè·íÒ§Ò¹à¡ÕèÂÇ¡Ñº methyl methacrylate ¨Ö§μŒÍ§ÃÐÇÑ§àÃ×èÍ§¡ÒÃÃÑº»ÃÐ·Ò¹ÂÒ¹Í¹ËÅÑº «Öè§ÍÒ¨¨Ð·íÒãËŒ¹Í¹ËÅÑºä Œ¹Ò¹¡Ç‹Ò»¡μÔ (Lawrence and Autian, 1972)


11.5 ¤ÇÒÁà»š¹¾ÔÉμ‹ÍÃÐºº»ÃÐÊÒ· (neurotoxicity) ¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒ¤ÇÒÁà»š¹¾ÔÉàÃ×éÍÃÑ§ã¹Ë¹Ù rat áÅÐË¹Ù mouse ¾ºÇ‹Ò methyl methacrylate μ‹ÍÃÐºº»ÃÐÊÒ··ÕèÊíÒ¤ÑÞ ¤×Í ¡ÒÃàÊ×èÍÁÊÅÒÂáÅÐ¡ÒÃ½†Í¢Í§à¹×éÍàÂ×èÍºØ¼ÔÇ¢Í§ÃÐºº»ÃÐÊÒ·ÀÒÂã¹¨ÁÙ¡·Õèà¡ÕèÂÇ¡Ñº¡ÒÃ´Á¡ÅÔè¹ (olfactory sensory epithelium) «Öè§¾ºã¹Ë¹Ù rat áÅÐË¹Ù mouse ·Ñé§ 2 à¾È ¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒã¹Ë¹Ù rat ÊÒÂ¾Ñ¹¸Ø� Fischer 344/N «Öè§áº‹§à»š¹¡ÅØ‹Á¤Çº¤ØÁ 1 ¡ÅØ‹Á áÅÐ¡ÅØ‹Á·´ÅÍ§ 2 ¡ÅØ‹Á áμ‹ÅÐ¡ÅØ‹Á»ÃÐ¡Íº´ŒÇÂË¹Ùà¾È¼ÙŒ 50 μÑÇ áÅÐà¾ÈàÁÕÂ 50 μÑÇ Ë¹Ùà¾È¼ÙŒ¢Í§¡ÅØ‹Á·´ÅÍ§ä´ŒÃÑº methyl methacrylate â´Â¡ÒÃÊÙ´´Á¤ÇÒÁà¢ŒÁ¢Œ¹ 2,048 áÅÐ 4,096 ÁÔÅÅÔ¡ÃÑÁ/ÅÙ¡ºÒÈ¡�àÁμÃ Ë¹Ùà¾ÈàÁÕÂ¢Í§¡ÅØ‹Á·´ÅÍ§ä ŒÃÑº methyl methacrylate â´Â¡ÒÃÊÙ´´Á¤ÇÒÁà¢ŒÁ¢Œ¹ 1,024 áÅÐ 2,048 ÁÔÅÅÔ¡ÃÑÁ/ÅÙ¡ºÒÈ¡�àÁμÃ Ë¹Ù·Ñé§ 2 à¾È¢Í§¡ÅØ‹Á·´ÅÍ§ä´ŒÃÑº methyl methacrylate â´Â¡ÒÃÊÙ´´Á à»š¹àÇÅÒ 6 ªÑèÇâÁ§/ÇÑ¹ 5 ÇÑ¹/ÊÑ»´ÒË� ÃÐÂÐàÇÅÒ·Ñé§ÊÔé¹ 2 »‚ ÃÒÂÅÐàÍÕÂ´¡ÒÃ·´ÅÍ§àª‹¹à´ÕÂÇ¡Ñº¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒ¡ÒÃà»š¹ÊÒÃ¡‹ÍÁÐàÃç§ [ ÙÃÒÂÅÐàÍÕÂ´ã¹ËÑÇ¢ŒÍ 11.2 ¡ÒÃà»š¹ÊÒÃ¡‹ÍÁÐàÃç§ (carcinogenicity)] àÁ×èÍÊÔé¹ÊØ´¡ÒÃ·´ÅÍ§ ¾ºÇ‹Ò Ë¹Ù rat à¾È¼ÙŒ¢Í§¡ÅØ‹Á·´ÅÍ§·Õèä ŒÃÑº methyl methacrylate â´Â¡ÒÃÊÙ ´Á¤ÇÒÁà¢ŒÁ¢Œ¹ 2,048 áÅÐ 4,096 ÁÔÅÅÔ¡ÃÑÁ/ÅÙ¡ºÒÈ¡�àÁμÃ à¡Ô ¡ÒÃàÊ×èÍÁÊÅÒÂáÅÐ¡ÒÃ½†Í¢Í§à¹×éÍàÂ×èÍºØ¼ÔÇ¢Í§ÃÐºº»ÃÐÊÒ·ÀÒÂã¹¨ÁÙ¡·Õèà¡ÕèÂÇ¡Ñº¡ÒÃ´Á¡ÅÔè¹ ÁÕ¨íÒ¹Ç¹ 48 μÑÇ (ÃŒÍÂÅÐ 96) áÅÐ 48 μÑÇ (ÃŒÍÂÅÐ 96) μÒÁÅíÒ´Ñº áμ‹äÁ‹¾º¤ÇÒÁ¼Ô´»¡μÔ Ñ§¡Å‹ÒÇã¹Ë¹Ùà¾È¼ÙŒ¢Í§¡ÅØ‹Á¤Çº¤ØÁ ÊíÒËÃÑºË¹Ù rat à¾ÈàÁÕÂ¢Í§¡ÅØ‹Á·´ÅÍ§·Õèä ŒÃÑº methyl methacrylate â´Â¡ÒÃÊÙ´´Á¤ÇÒÁà¢ŒÁ¢Œ¹ 1,024 áÅÐ 2,048 ÁÔÅÅÔ¡ÃÑÁ/ÅÙ¡ºÒÈ¡�àÁμÃ ·Õèà¡Ô´¤ÇÒÁ¼Ô´»¡μÔ Ñ§¡Å‹ÒÇÁÕ¨íÒ¹Ç¹ 44 μÑÇ (¤Ô´à»š¹ÃŒÍÂÅÐ 90 ¨Ò¡¨íÒ¹Ç¹Ë¹Ùà¾ÈàÁÕÂ·ÕèμÃÇ¨¾ÂÒ¸ÔÊÀÒ¾ 49 μÑÇ à¹×èÍ§¨Ò¡ ÁÕË¹Ùà¾ÈàÁÕÂ 1 μÑÇ ·Õè¼ÙŒÇÔ¨ÑÂäÁ‹ä ŒμÃÇ¨¾ÂÒ¸ÔÊÀÒ¾) áÅÐ 47 μÑÇ (ÃŒÍÂÅÐ 94) μÒÁÅíÒ´Ñº ·Ñé§¹Õé ÁÕË¹Ùà¾ÈàÁÕÂ¢Í§¡ÅØ‹Á¤Çº¤ØÁ·ÕèÁÕ¤ÇÒÁ¼Ô´»¡μÔÑ§¡Å‹ÒÇ¨íÒ¹Ç¹ 2 μÑÇ (ÃŒÍÂÅÐ 4)

Ë¹Ù mouse à¾È¼ÙŒ¢Í§¡ÅØ‹Á·´ÅÍ§·Õèä ŒÃÑº methyl methacrylate â´Â¡ÒÃÊÙ ´Á¤ÇÒÁà¢ŒÁ¢Œ¹ 2,048 áÅÐ 4,096 ÁÔÅÅÔ¡ÃÑÁ/ÅÙ¡ºÒÈ¡�àÁμÃ ·Õèà¡Ô´¡ÒÃàÊ×èÍÁÊÅÒÂáÅÐ¡ÒÃ½†Í¢Í§à¹×éÍàÂ×èÍºØ¼ÔÇ¢Í§ÃÐºº»ÃÐÊÒ·ÀÒÂã¹¨ÁÙ¡·Õèà¡ÕèÂÇ¡Ñº¡ÒÃ´Á¡ÅÔè¹ ÁÕ¨íÒ¹Ç¹ 39 μÑÇ (ÃŒÍÂÅÐ 78) áÅÐ 42 μÑÇ (ÃŒÍÂÅÐ 84) μÒÁÅíÒ´Ñº ÁÕË¹Ùà¾È¼ÙŒ¢Í§¡ÅØ‹Á¤Çº¤ØÁ·ÕèÁÕ¤ÇÒÁ¼Ô´»¡μÔ Ñ§¡Å‹ÒÇ¨íÒ¹Ç¹ 7 μÑÇ (ÃŒÍÂÅÐ 14) ÊíÒËÃÑºË¹Ù mouse à¾ÈàÁÕÂ¢Í§¡ÅØ‹Á·´ÅÍ§·ÕèÁÕ¤ÇÒÁ¼Ô´»¡μÔÁÕ¨íÒ¹Ç¹ 39 μÑÇ (ÃŒÍÂÅÐ 78) áÅÐ 44 μÑÇ (ÃŒÍÂÅÐ 88) μÒÁÅíÒ´Ñº ÁÕË¹Ùà¾ÈàÁÕÂ¢Í§¡ÅØ‹Á¤Çº¤ØÁ·ÕèÁÕ¤ÇÒÁ¼Ô´»¡μÔ¨íÒ¹Ç¹ 2 μÑÇ (ÃŒÍÂÅÐ 4) (NTP, 1986)


11.6 ¡ÒÃÃÐ¤ÒÂà¤×Í§àº×éÍ§μŒ¹ (primary irritation) ¡ÒÃä ŒÃÑº methyl methacrylate â´Â¡ÒÃÊÙ´´Á·íÒãËŒà¡Ô´¡ÒÃÃÐ¤ÒÂà¤×Í§μ‹ÍÃÐºº·Ò§à Ô¹ËÒÂã¨Ê‹Ç¹μŒ¹«Öè§áÊ´§ ŒÇÂ¡ÒÃÍÑ¡àÊº¢Í§â¾Ã§¨ÁÙ¡ ¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒ¤ÇÒÁà»š¹¾ÔÉàÃ×éÍÃÑ§¢Í§ methyl methacrylate ã¹Ë¹Ù rat áÅÐË¹Ù mouse ¾º¡ÒÃÍÑ¡àÊº¢Í§â¾Ã§¨ÁÙ¡¢Í§Ë¹Ù·Ñé§ 2 à¾È¢Í§Ë¹Ù rat à·‹Ò¹Ñé¹ ¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒã¹Ë¹Ù rat ÊÒÂ¾Ñ¹¸Ø� Fischer 344/N «Öè§áº‹§à»š¹¡ÅØ‹Á¤Çº¤ØÁ 1 ¡ÅØ‹Á áÅÐ¡ÅØ‹Á·´ÅÍ§ 2 ¡ÅØ‹Á áμ‹ÅÐ¡ÅØ‹Á»ÃÐ¡Íº´ŒÇÂË¹Ùà¾È¼ÙŒ 50 μÑÇ áÅÐà¾ÈàÁÕÂ 50 μÑÇ Ë¹Ùà¾È¼ÙŒ¢Í§¡ÅØ‹Á·´ÅÍ§ä´ŒÃÑº methyl methacrylate â´Â¡ÒÃÊÙ´´Á¤ÇÒÁà¢ŒÁ¢Œ¹ 2,048 áÅÐ 4,096 ÁÔÅÅÔ¡ÃÑÁ/ÅÙ¡ºÒÈ¡�àÁμÃ Ë¹Ùà¾ÈàÁÕÂ¢Í§¡ÅØ‹Á·´ÅÍ§ä ŒÃÑº methyl methacrylate â´Â¡ÒÃÊÙ´´Á¤ÇÒÁà¢ŒÁ¢Œ¹ 1,024 áÅÐ 2,048 ÁÔÅÅÔ¡ÃÑÁ/ÅÙ¡ºÒÈ¡�àÁμÃ Ë¹Ù·Ñé§ 2 à¾È¢Í§¡ÅØ‹Á·´ÅÍ§ä´ŒÃÑº methyl methacrylate â´Â¡ÒÃÊÙ´´Á à»š¹àÇÅÒ 6 ªÑèÇâÁ§/ÇÑ¹ 5 ÇÑ¹/ÊÑ»´ÒË� ÃÐÂÐàÇÅÒ·Ñé§ÊÔé¹ 2 »‚ ÃÒÂÅÐàÍÕÂ´¡ÒÃ·´ÅÍ§àª‹¹à ÕÂÇ¡Ñº¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒ¡ÒÃà»š¹ÊÒÃ¡‹ÍÁÐàÃç§ [ ÙÃÒÂÅÐàÍÕÂ´ã¹ËÑÇ¢ŒÍ 11.2 ¡ÒÃà»š¹ÊÒÃ¡‹ÍÁÐàÃç§ (carcinogenicity)] àÁ×èÍÊÔé¹ÊØ´¡ÒÃ·´ÅÍ§ ¾ºÇ‹Ò Ë¹Ù rat à¾È¼ÙŒ¢Í§¡ÅØ‹Á·´ÅÍ§·Õèä ŒÃÑº methyl methacrylate â´Â¡ÒÃÊÙ´´Á¤ÇÒÁà¢ŒÁ¢Œ¹ 2,048 áÅÐ 4,096 ÁÔÅÅÔ¡ÃÑÁ/ÅÙ¡ºÒÈ¡�àÁμÃ ·Õèà¡Ô´¡ÒÃÍÑ¡àÊº¢Í§â¾Ã§¨ÁÙ¡ÁÕ¨íÒ¹Ç¹ 37 μÑÇ (ÃŒÍÂÅÐ 74) áÅÐ 44 μÑÇ (ÃŒÍÂÅÐ 88) μÒÁÅíÒ´Ñº äÁ‹¾ºË¹Ùà¾È¼ÙŒ¢Í§¡ÅØ‹Á¤Çº¤ØÁ·ÕèÁÕ¤ÇÒÁ¼Ô »¡μÔ Ñ§¡Å‹ÒÇ ÊíÒËÃÑºË¹Ù rat à¾ÈàÁÕÂ¢Í§¡ÅØ‹Á·´ÅÍ§·Õèä ŒÃÑº methyl methacrylate â´Â¡ÒÃÊÙ´´Á¤ÇÒÁà¢ŒÁ¢Œ¹ 1,024 áÅÐ 2,048 ÁÔÅÅÔ¡ÃÑÁ/ÅÙ¡ºÒÈ¡�àÁμÃ ·Õèà¡Ô´¡ÒÃÍÑ¡àÊº¢Í§â¾Ã§¨ÁÙ¡ ÁÕ¨íÒ¹Ç¹ 17 (¤Ô´à»š¹ÃŒÍÂÅÐ 34) áÅÐ 32 (ÃŒÍÂÅÐ 64) μÑÇ μÒÁÅíÒ´Ñº ·Ñé§¹Õé Ë¹Ùà¾ÈàÁÕÂ¢Í§¡ÅØ‹Á¤Çº¤ØÁ·ÕèÁÕ¤ÇÒÁ¼Ô´»¡μÔ Ñ§¡Å‹ÒÇÁÕ¨íÒ¹Ç¹ 4 μÑÇ (ÃŒÍÂÅÐ 8) ÊíÒËÃÑºË¹Ù mouse ·Ñé§ 2 à¾È ¢Í§¡ÅØ‹Á·´ÅÍ§ 2 ¡ÅØ‹Á ¡ÒÃμÃÇ¨¾ÂÒ¸ÔÊÀÒ¾¢Í§Ë¹Ù àÁ×èÍÊÔé¹ÊØ ¡ÒÃ·´ÅÍ§ íÒ¹Ç¹¢Í§Ë¹Ù·Õèà¡Ô ¡ÒÃÍÑ¡àÊº¢Í§â¾Ã§¨ÁÙ¡äÁ‹áμ¡μ‹Ò§¨Ò¡Ë¹Ùã¹¡ÅØ‹Á¤Çº¤ØÁ (NTP, 1986)

11.7 ¼Åμ‹Í¡ÒÃ¾Ñ²¹Ò¢Í§μÑÇÍ‹Í¹ (embryotropic action) ¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒã¹Ë¹Ù rat ·Õèä ŒÃÑº methyl methacrylate â´Â¡ÒÃÊÙ´´ÁáÅÐâ´Â¡ÒÃ©Õ´à¢ŒÒª‹Í§·ŒÍ§äÁ‹·íÒãËŒà¡Ô´¤ÇÒÁ¼Ô´»¡μÔμ‹Í¡ÒÃ¾Ñ²¹Ò¢Í§μÑÇÍ‹Í¹ ¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒã¹Ë¹Ù rat ÊÒÂ¾Ñ¹¸Ø� Sprague-Dawley à¾ÈàÁÕÂ «Öè§áº‹§à»š¹¡ÅØ‹Á¤Çº¤ØÁ 2 ¡ÅØ‹Á áÅÐ¡ÅØ‹Á·´ÅÍ§ 2 ¡ÅØ‹Á áÁ‹Ë¹Ù¡ÅØ‹Á¤Çº¤ØÁ·Õè 1 à»š¹¡ÅØ‹Á·ÕèäÁ‹ä ŒÃÑºÊÒÃã´ æ áÅÐäÁ‹μŒÍ§à¢ŒÒä»ã¹μÙŒ·´ÅÍ§ (inhalation chamber) áÁ‹Ë¹Ù¡ÅØ‹Á¤Çº¤ØÁ·Õè 2 à»š¹¡ÅØ‹Á·Õèà¢ŒÒä»ÍÂÙ‹ã¹μÙŒ·´ÅÍ§àª‹¹à´ÕÂÇ¡ÑºË¹Ù¡ÅØ‹Á·´ÅÍ§ áμ‹ä ŒÃÑºÍÒ¡ÒÈá·¹¡ÒÃä´ŒÃÑº


methyl methacrylate áÁ‹Ë¹Ù¡ÅØ‹Á·´ÅÍ§·Õè 1 áÅÐ 2 ä ŒÃÑº methyl methacrylate â´Â¡ÒÃÊÙ ´Áã¹μÙŒ·´ÅÍ§ ¤ÇÒÁà¢ŒÁ¢Œ¹ 1,100 ÁÔÅÅÔ¡ÃÑÁ/ÅÙ¡ºÒÈ¡�àÁμÃ à·‹Ò¡Ñ¹ áμ‹ÃÐÂÐàÇÅÒ·Õèä ŒÃÑºÊÒÃáμ¡μ‹Ò§¡Ñ¹ ¤×Í 17.2 áÅÐ 54.2 ¹Ò·Õ ¨íÒ¹Ç¹áÁ‹Ë¹Ù¢Í§¡ÅØ‹Á¤Çº¤ØÁ 2 ¡ÅØ‹Á áÅÐ¡ÅØ‹Á·´ÅÍ§ 2 ¡ÅØ‹Á ·ÕèãªŒã¹¡ÒÃ·´ÅÍ§ÁÕ¨íÒ¹Ç¹à·‹Ò¡Ñº 22, 26, 22 áÅÐ 27 μÑÇ μÒÁÅíÒ Ñº áÁ‹Ë¹Ù¡ÅØ‹Á¤Çº¤ØÁ·Õè 2 «Öè§ä ŒÃÑºÍÒ¡ÒÈã¹μÙŒ·´ÅÍ§ áÅÐáÁ‹Ë¹Ù¡ÅØ‹Á·´ÅÍ§ 2 ¡ÅØ‹Áä ŒÃÑº methyl methacrylate ¤ÇÒÁà¢ŒÁ¢Œ¹ 28 ÁÔÅÅÔ¡ÃÑÁ/ÅÔμÃ â´Â¡ÒÃÊÙ´´ÁÃÐËÇ‹Ò§ÇÑ¹·Õè 6 - 15 ¢Í§¡ÒÃμÑé§·ŒÍ§ íÒ¹Ç¹μÑÇÍ‹Í¹·Õè¾ºã¹áÁ‹Ë¹Ù·Ñé§ 4 ¡ÅØ‹Á «Öè§¼ÙŒÇÔ¨ÑÂ·íÒ¡ÒÃμÃÇ¨¡ÒÃ¾Ñ²¹Ò¢Í§ÍÇÑÂÇÐμ‹Ò§ æ ã¹ÇÑ¹·Õè 20 ¢Í§¡ÒÃμÑé§·ŒÍ§ÁÕ¨íÒ¹Ç¹ 229, 295, 233 áÅÐ 185 μÑÇ μÒÁÅíÒ´Ñº ¤ÇÒÁ¼Ô´»¡μÔ¢Í§μÑÇÍ‹Í¹·Õè¾ºÇ‹ÒÁÕ¤ÇÒÁÊÑÁ¾Ñ¹¸ �¡Ñº»ÃÔÁÒ³¢Í§ methyl methacrylate ·ÕèáÁ‹Ë¹Ùä ŒÃÑº ¤×Í ¡ÒÃÊÃŒÒ§¡ÃÐ Ù¡Í¡·ÕèªŒÒ¡Ç‹Ò»¡μÔ (delayed ossifi cation of sternae) ¨íÒ¹Ç¹μÑÇÍ‹Í¹¢Í§¡ÅØ‹Á·´ÅÍ§·Ñé§ 2 ¡ÅØ‹Á ·Õè¾ºÇ‹ÒÁÕ¡ÒÃÊÃŒÒ§¡ÃÐ Ù¡Í¡·ÕèªŒÒ¡Ç‹Ò»¡μÔÁÕ¨íÒ¹Ç¹ 140 μÑÇ (ÃŒÍÂÅÐ 60.1) áÅÐ 175 μÑÇ (ÃŒÍÂÅÐ 94.6) μÒÁÅíÒ´Ñº ÊíÒËÃÑº¨íÒ¹Ç¹μÑÇÍ‹Í¹¢Í§áÁ‹Ë¹Ù¡ÅØ‹Á¤Çº¤ØÁ·Ñé§ 2 ¡ÅØ‹Á ·Õè¾ºÇ‹ÒÁÕ¡ÒÃÊÃŒÒ§¡ÃÐ Ù¡Í¡·ÕèªŒÒ¡Ç‹Ò»¡μÔÁÕ¨íÒ¹Ç¹ 40 μÑÇ (ÃŒÍÂÅÐ 17.5) áÅÐ 52 μÑÇ (ÃŒÍÂÅÐ 19.8) μÒÁÅíÒ´Ñº ¡ÒÃ·´ÅÍ§áÊ´§ãËŒàËç¹Ç‹Ò methyl methacrylate ÁÕ¼Åμ‹Í¡ÒÃ¾Ñ²¹Ò¢Í§μÑÇÍ‹Í¹ ¤×Í ¡ÒÃÊÃŒÒ§¡ÃÐ Ù¡Í¡·ÕèªŒÒ¡Ç‹Ò»¡μÔ áμ‹¼Å Ñ§¡Å‹ÒÇ¶×ÍÇ‹Òà»š¹¤ÇÒÁ¼Ô »¡μÔàÅç¡¹ŒÍÂ«Öè§à¡Ô ¢Öé¹ä ŒμÒÁ¸ÃÃÁªÒμÔÊÒÁÒÃ¶¾ºä´Œã¹Ë¹Ù¡ÅØ‹Á¤Çº¤ØÁàª‹¹¡Ñ¹ (Nicholas et al., 1979) ¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒã¹Ë¹Ù rat ÊÒÂ¾Ñ¹¸Ø� Sprague-Dawley à¾ÈàÁÕÂ«Öè§áº‹§à»š¹¡ÅØ‹Á¤Çº¤ØÁ 4 ¡ÅØ‹Á áÅÐ¡ÅØ‹Á·´ÅÍ§ 3 ¡ÅØ‹Á áμ‹ÅÐ¡ÅØ‹Á»ÃÐ¡Íº´ŒÇÂáÁ‹Ë¹Ù 5 μÑÇ áÁ‹Ë¹Ù¡ÅØ‹Á¤Çº¤ØÁ·Õè 1 äÁ‹ä ŒÃÑºÊÒÃã´ æ áÁ‹Ë¹Ù¡ÅØ‹Á¤Çº¤ØÁ·Õè 2 - 4 ä ŒÃÑº¹éíÒ¡ÅÑè¹ ¹éíÒà¡Å×Í áÅÐ¹éíÒÁÑ¹àÁÅç ÅÐËØ‹§â´Â¡ÒÃ©Õ´à¢ŒÒª‹Í§·ŒÍ§ μÒÁÅíÒ´Ñº áÁ‹Ë¹Ù¡ÅØ‹Á·´ÅÍ§ä´ŒÃÑº methyl methacrylate â´Â¡ÒÃ©Õ´à¢ŒÒª‹Í§·ŒÍ§ 3 ¤ÃÑé§ ¤×Í ã¹ÇÑ¹·Õè 5, 10 áÅÐ 15 ¢Í§¡ÒÃμÑé§·ŒÍ§ »ÃÔÁÒ³ 0.4427, 0.2656 áÅÐ 0.1328 ÁÔÅÅÔÅÔμÃ/¡ÔâÅ¡ÃÑÁ¹éíÒË¹Ñ¡μÑÇ μÒÁÅíÒ Ñº ¡ÒÃμÃÇ¨¾ÂÒ ÔÊÀÒ¾¢Í§μÑÇÍ‹Í¹ã¹¤ÃÃÀ �ã¹ÇÑ¹·Õè 20 ¢Í§¡ÒÃμÑé§·ŒÍ§ äÁ‹¾º¤ÇÒÁ¼Ô´»¡μÔ¢Í§¡ÃÐ Ù¡â¤Ã§ÊÃŒÒ§ (skeletal abnormalities) ¢Í§μÑÇÍ‹Í¹ã¹¤ÃÃÀ �¢Í§áÁ‹Ë¹Ù¡ÅØ‹Á¤Çº¤ØÁáÅÐ¡ÅØ‹Á·´ÅÍ§·Ø¡¡ÅØ‹Á (Singh et al., 1972)

11.8 ¤ÇÒÁà»š¹¾ÔÉμ‹ÍÀÙÁÔ¤ØŒÁ¡Ñ¹ (immunotoxicity) ¡ÒÃä ŒÃÑº methyl methacrylate â´Â¡ÒÃÊÙ´´Áà»š¹àÇÅÒ¹Ò¹¡‹ÍãËŒà¡Ô´¡ÒÃÍÑ¡àÊº¢Í§»Í´ä Œ «Öè§ÃÐººÀÙÁÔ¤ØŒÁ¡Ñ¹¢Í§Ã‹Ò§¡ÒÂ¨ÐμÍºÊ¹Í§μ‹ÍÍÒ¡ÒÃ´Ñ§¡Å‹ÒÇâ´Â¡ÒÃÊÃŒÒ§à«ÅÅ �àÁç´àÅ×Í´¢ÒÇÁÒ¡¢Öé¹ à¾×èÍ»‡Í§¡Ñ¹¡ÒÃμÔ´àª×éÍá·Ã¡«ŒÍ¹ ¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒã¹Ë¹Ù rat ÊÒÂ¾Ñ¹ Ø� F344/N «Öè§áº‹§à»š¹¡ÅØ‹Á¤Çº¤ØÁ 1 ¡ÅØ‹Á áÅÐ¡ÅØ‹Á·´ÅÍ§ 3 ¡ÅØ‹Á Ë¹Ù¡ÅØ‹Á·´ÅÍ§


ä ŒÃÑº methyl methacrylate â´Â¡ÒÃÊÙ´´Á ¤ÇÒÁà¢ŒÁ¢Œ¹ 500 áÅÐ 1,000 ¾Õ¾ÕàÍçÁ à»š¹àÇÅÒ 6 ªÑèÇâÁ§/ÇÑ¹ ÃÐÂÐàÇÅÒ·Ñé§ÊÔé¹ 102 ÊÑ»´ÒË� ¡ÒÃμÃÇ¨¾ÂÒ¸ÔÊÀÒ¾¢Í§Ë¹Ù àÁ×èÍÊÔé¹ÊØ´¡ÒÃ·´ÅÍ§ ¾º¡ÒÃàÊ×èÍÁÊÅÒÂáÅÐ¡ÒÃ½†Í¢Í§à¹×éÍàÂ×èÍºØ¼ÔÇ¢Í§à«ÅÅ �»ÃÐÊÒ·ÀÒÂã¹¨ÁÙ¡·Õèà¡ÕèÂÇ¡Ñº¡ÒÃ´Á¡ÅÔè¹ áÅÐ¾º¡ÒÃÍÑ¡àÊº¢Í§ÃÐººËÒÂã¨Ê‹Ç¹μŒ¹¢Í§Ë¹Ù·Ñé§ 2 à¾È ÃÐººÀÙÁÔ¤ØŒÁ¡Ñ¹¢Í§Ã‹Ò§¡ÒÂ¨Ö§ÊÃŒÒ§à«ÅÅ �àÁç´àÅ×Í´¢ÒÇª¹Ô´ macrophage «Öè§μÃÇ¨¾ºä Œã¹¶Ø§ÅÁ¢Í§»Í´¢Í§Ë¹Ù¡ÅØ‹Á·´ÅÍ§·Ñé§ 2 à¾È·Õèà¾ÔèÁÁÒ¡¢Öé¹àÁ×èÍà»ÃÕÂºà·ÕÂº¡ÑºË¹Ù¡ÅØ‹Á¤Çº¤ØÁ ¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒ¹ÕéäÁ‹ä ŒáÊ´§Ç‹Ò methyl methacrylate ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁà»š¹¾ÔÉμ‹ÍÃÐººÀÙÁÔ¤ØŒÁ¡Ñ¹ áμ‹¨Ð¡ÃÐμØŒ¹ãËŒÃÐººÀÙÁÔ¤ØŒÁ¡Ñ¹»¡»‡Í§Ã‹Ò§¡ÒÂÁÒ¡¢Öé¹à¾×èÍ»‡Í§¡Ñ¹äÁ‹ãËŒÃ‹Ò§¡ÒÂμÔ´àª×éÍâÃ¤ (Chan et al., 1988)

11.9 ¤ÇÒÁ¼Ô´»¡μÔμ‹Í¡ÒÃÊ×º¾Ñ¹ Ø� (reproduction) ¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒã¹Ë¹Ù mouse ÊÒÂ¾Ñ¹¸Ø� CD-1 à¾È¼ÙŒ«Öè§áº‹§à»š¹¡ÅØ‹Á¤Çº¤ØÁ 1 ¡ÅØ‹Á áÅÐ¡ÅØ‹Á·´ÅÍ§ 3 ¡ÅØ‹Á Ë¹Ù¡ÅØ‹Á·´ÅÍ§ä´ŒÃÑº methyl methacrylate â´Â¡ÒÃÊÙ´´Á ¤ÇÒÁà¢ŒÁ¢Œ¹ 410; 4,100 áÅÐ 36,900 ÁÔÅÅÔ¡ÃÑÁ/ÅÙ¡ºÒÈ¡�àÁμÃ à»š¹àÇÅÒ 6 ªÑèÇâÁ§/ÇÑ¹ ÃÐÂÐàÇÅÒ·Ñé§ÊÔé¹ 5 ÇÑ¹ áÅŒÇ¨Ö§ãËŒ¼ÊÁ¾Ñ¹¸Ø�¡ÑºË¹Ùà¾ÈàÁÕÂ·ÕèäÁ‹ä ŒÃÑº methyl methacrylate ¾ºÇ‹Ò Ñª¹ÕÀÒÇÐà¨ÃÔÞ¾Ñ¹¸Ø� (fertility index) ¢Í§Ë¹Ù¡ÅØ‹Á·´ÅÍ§·Ñé§ 3 ¡ÅØ‹ÁäÁ‹áμ¡μ‹Ò§¨Ò¡Ë¹Ù¡ÅØ‹Á¤Çº¤ØÁ ´Ñª¹ÕÀÒÇÐà¨ÃÔÞ¾Ñ¹¸Ø�à»š¹¾ÒÃÒÁÔàμÍÃ �·ÕèáÊ´§»ÃÐÊÔ· ÔÀÒ¾¢Í§¡ÒÃÊ×º¾Ñ¹¸Ø� ¤íÒ¹Ç³ä´Œ¨Ò¡ÊÁ¡ÒÃ

Ñª¹ÕÀÒÇÐà¨ÃÔÞ¾Ñ¹¸Ø� = ¨íÒ¹Ç¹Ë¹Ùà¾ÈàÁÕÂ·ÕèμÑé§·ŒÍ§ 100

¨íÒ¹Ç¹Ë¹Ùà¾ÈàÁÕÂ·Õè¼ÊÁ¾Ñ¹¸Ø�

¹Í¡¨Ò¡¹ÕéÂÑ§¾ºÇ‹Ò ¨íÒ¹Ç¹ÅÙ¡Ë¹Ù/¤ÃÍ¡ ¢Í§áÁ‹Ë¹Ù¡ÅØ‹Á·´ÅÍ§·Ñé§ 3 ¡ÅØ‹ÁäÁ‹áμ¡μ‹Ò§¨Ò¡¨íÒ¹Ç¹ÅÙ¡Ë¹Ù/¤ÃÍ¡ ¢Í§áÁ‹Ë¹Ù¡ÅØ‹Á¤Çº¤ØÁ áÊ´§ãËŒàËç¹Ç‹Ò methyl methacrylate äÁ‹ÁÕ¼Åμ‹Í¡ÒÃÊ×º¾Ñ¹¸Ø�¢Í§Ë¹Ù mouse (Anderson and Hedge, 1976)

11.10 ¤ÇÒÁ¼Ô´»¡μÔ·Õèà¡Ô´ã¹·ÒÃ¡ (teratogenicity) ¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒ¼Å¢Í§ methyl methacrylate μ‹Í¡ÒÃ¾Ñ²¹Ò¢Í§μÑÇÍ‹Í¹ã¹Ë¹Ù rat ÊÒÂ¾Ñ¹¸Ø� Sprague-Dawley ¾ºÇ‹Ò ¡ÒÃä ŒÃÑº methyl methacrylate â´Â¡ÒÃÊÙ´´ÁÁÕ¼Åμ‹Í¡ÒÃÊÃŒÒ§¡ÃÐ Ù¡Í¡·ÕèªŒÒ¡Ç‹Ò»¡μÔ ÍÂ‹Ò§äÃ¡ç Õ ¼Å´Ñ§¡Å‹ÒÇ¶×ÍÇ‹Òà»š¹¤ÇÒÁ¼Ô »¡μÔàÅç¡¹ŒÍÂáÅÐ¾ºä´Œã¹Ë¹Ù¡ÅØ‹Á¤Çº¤ØÁàª‹¹¡Ñ¹ áÅÐ¤ÇÒÁ¼Ô´»¡μÔ¹Õé¨ÐäÁ‹ÁÕ¼Å·íÒãËŒà¡Ô´¤ÇÒÁ¼Ô´»¡μÔã¹ÅÙ¡Ë¹Ù·Õèà¡Ô´ÁÒ (Nicholas et al., 1979) áÅÐ¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒã¹Ë¹Ù rat ÊÒÂ¾Ñ¹¸Ø� Sprague-Dawley ·Õèä ŒÃÑº methyl methacrylate ·Ò§»Ò¡ äÁ‹ÁÕ¼Åμ‹Í¡ÒÃ¾Ñ²¹Ò¡ÃÐ´Ù¡â¤Ã§ÊÃŒÒ§


¢Í§μÑÇÍ‹Í¹ã¹¤ÃÃÀ � «Öè§¨Ð·íÒãËŒÅÙ¡Ë¹Ù·Õèà¡Ô´äÁ‹ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁ¼Ô´»¡μÔ¢Í§¡ÃÐ Ù¡â¤Ã§ÊÃŒÒ§àª‹¹¡Ñ¹ [ ÙÃÒÂÅÐàÍÕÂ´ã¹ËÑÇ¢ŒÍ 11.7 ¼Åμ‹Í¡ÒÃ¾Ñ²¹Ò¢Í§μÑÇÍ‹Í¹ (embryotropic action)]

11.11 ¾ÄμÔ¡ÃÃÁ (behavior) ¡ÒÃä ŒÃÑº methyl methacrylate »ÃÔÁÒ³ÊÙ§μÔ´μ‹Í¡Ñ¹ÁÕ¼Åμ‹Í¾ÄμÔ¡ÃÃÁä Œ ¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒã¹Ë¹Ù rat ÊÒÂ¾Ñ¹¸Ø� Wistar à¾È¼ÙŒ «Öè§ä ŒÃÑº methyl methacrylate »ÃÔÁÒ³ 500 ÁÔÅÅÔ¡ÃÑÁ/¡ÔâÅ¡ÃÑÁ¹éíÒË¹Ñ¡μÑÇ/ÇÑ¹ à»š¹àÇÅÒ 21 ÇÑ¹ àÁ×èÍÊÔé¹ÊØ´¡ÒÃ·´ÅÍ§ ¾ºÇ‹Ò Ë¹ÙÁÕ¾ÄμÔ¡ÃÃÁ·Õè¡ŒÒÇÃŒÒÇÁÒ¡¢Öé¹ (aggressive behavior) áÅÐÁÕ¾ÄμÔ¡ÃÃÁ¡ÒÃàÃÕÂ¹ÃÙŒä Œ¹ŒÍÂÅ§ (learning ability) ¾ÄμÔ¡ÃÃÁ·ÕèáÊ´§¤ÇÒÁ¡ŒÒÇÃŒÒÇ·´ÅÍ§â´ÂãËŒË¹Ù 2 μÑÇÍÂÙ‹ã¹¡Ã§à ÕÂÇ¡Ñ¹ áÅŒÇ¨Ö§ãËŒ¡ÃÐáÊä¿¿‡Ò¼‹Ò¹¾×é¹¡Ã§·Õè·íÒ´ŒÇÂÅÇ´âÅËÐà»š¹¡ÒÃ¡ÃÐμØŒ¹½†Òà·ŒÒË¹Ù ·íÒãËŒË¹Ùà¡Ô´¤ÇÒÁà¤ÃÕÂ´¨Ö§μ‹ÍÊÙŒ¡Ñ¹àÍ§ ¡ÒÃμ‹ÍÊÙŒ¢Í§Ë¹Ù¡ÅØ‹Á·´ÅÍ§ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁÃØ¹áÃ§ÁÒ¡¡Ç‹ÒË¹Ù¡ÅØ‹Á¤Çº¤ØÁ ÊíÒËÃÑº¾ÄμÔ¡ÃÃÁ¡ÒÃàÃÕÂ¹ÃÙŒ¢Í§Ë¹Ù ·íÒ¡ÒÃ·´ÊÍºË¹Ù¤ÃÑé§ÅÐ 1 μÑÇã¹¡Ã§·ÕèÁÕàª×Í¡á¢Ç¹äÇŒàË¹×Í¾×é¹¡Ã§ ·íÒ¡ÒÃ¡ÃÐμØŒ¹Ë¹Ù ŒÇÂ¡ÃÐáÊä¿¿‡Ò·Õè½†Òà·ŒÒ Ë¹Ù¨ÐËÅÕ¡àÅÕèÂ§¤ÇÒÁà¨çº»Ç´¨Ò¡¡ÒÃ¶Ù¡¡ÃÐμØŒ¹´ŒÇÂ¡ÃÐáÊä¿¿‡Òâ´Â¡ÒÃ»‚¹àª×Í¡Ë¹Õ Ë¹Ù¡ÅØ‹Á·´ÅÍ§ÁÕ¨íÒ¹Ç¹¤ÃÑé§¢Í§¡ÒÃ»‚¹àª×Í¡Ë¹Õ¹ŒÍÂ¡Ç‹ÒË¹Ù¡ÅØ‹Á¤Çº¤ØÁ áÊ´§ãËŒàËç¹Ç‹ÒË¹Ù¡ÅØ‹Á·´ÅÍ§ÁÕ¾ÄμÔ¡ÃÃÁ¡ÒÃàÃÕÂ¹ÃÙŒ¹ŒÍÂ¡Ç‹ÒË¹Ù¡ÅØ‹Á¤Çº¤ØÁ (Husain et al., 1985)


12.1 ÊÔè§ÁÕªÕÇÔμã¹¹íéÒ (aquatic)methyl methacrylate äÁ‹ÁÕ¾ÔÉà©ÕÂº¾ÅÑ¹μ‹ÍÊÔè§ÁÕªÕÇÔμã¹¹éíÒ (LC50 ·Õè 96 ªÑèÇâÁ§

ÁÕ¤‹ÒÁÒ¡¡Ç‹Ò 100 ÁÔÅÅÔ¡ÃÑÁ/ÅÔμÃ) LC50 ·Õè 96 ªÑèÇâÁ§ ¢Í§ methyl methacrylate ã¹»ÅÒ fathead minnow, bluegill sunfi sh, goldfi sh áÅÐ guppy ÁÕ¤‹Òà·‹Ò¡Ñº 130 - 350, 191 - 232.2, 277.1 áÅÐ 368.1 ÁÔÅÅÔ¡ÃÑÁ/ÅÔμÃ μÒÁÅíÒ´Ñº ¤‹Ò LC50 ¢Í§ methyl methacrylate ã¹ÊÔè§ÁÕªÕÇÔμã¹¹éíÒáÊ´§ã¹μÒÃÒ§·Õè 7

12.2 ÊÔè§ÁÕªÕÇÔμº¹º¡ (terrestrial)äÁ‹¾º¢ŒÍÁÙÅ¾ÔÉ¢Í§ methyl methacrylate μ‹ÍÊÔè§ÁÕªÕÇÔμº¹º¡ (Toxnet, 2011)

μÒÃÒ§·Õè 7 ¤‹Ò LC50 ¢Í§ methyl methacrylate ã¹ÊÔè§ÁÕªÕÇÔμã¹¹éíÒ

Ê»‚ªÕÊ � ¢¹Ò´/ÍÒÂØÃÐÂÐàÇÅÒ¡ÒÃ·´ÅÍ§(ªÑèÇâÁ§)

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àÍ¡ÊÒÃÍŒÒ§ÍÔ§

»ÅÒ fathead minnow(Pimephales promelas)

»ÅÒ bluegill sunfi sh(Lepomis macrochirus)

»ÅÒ·Í§ goldfi sh(Carassius auratus)

»ÅÒ guppy(Lebistes reticulates)

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Bailey et al. (1985)




¼Åμ ‹ÍÊÔè§ÁÕªÕÇÔμã¹ÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁeffects on organisms in the environment

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13.1 ¡ÒÃà¡çºμÑÇÍÂ‹Ò§ (sampling)ÍÒ¡ÒÈ ãËŒÍÒ¡ÒÈ¼‹Ò¹ÍØ»¡Ã³�à¡çºÍÒ¡ÒÈ ´Ù´«Ñº methyl methacrylate ´ŒÇÂ

Radiello catridge «Öè§ÀÒÂã¹ºÃÃ¨Ø¶‹Ò¹¡ÑÁÁÑ¹μ� (activated charcoal) (Santarsiero et al., 2009)

13.2 ¡ÒÃàμÃÕÂÁμÑÇÍÂ‹Ò§áÅÐ¡ÒÃÇÔà¤ÃÒÐË � (preparation/analysis) ÇÔ ÕàμÃÕÂÁμÑÇÍÂ‹Ò§ ÇÔ ÕÇÔà¤ÃÒÐË �ËÒ»ÃÔÁÒ³ áÅÐ¤ÇÒÁà¢ŒÁ¢Œ¹·Õè¹ŒÍÂ·ÕèÊØ ·ÕèÊÒÁÒÃ¶ÇÔà¤ÃÒÐË �ä Œ¢Í§ methyl methacrylate áÊ´§ã¹μÒÃÒ§·Õè 8

¡ÒÃà¡çºμ ÑÇÍÂ‹Ò§ ¡ÒÃàμÃÕÂÁμ ÑÇÍÂ‹Ò§ áÅÐ¡ÒÃÇÔà¤ÃÒÐË�sampling/preparation/analysis

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¢ŒÍàÊ¹Íá¹ÐàÁ×èÍà¡Ô´¡ÒÃË¡Ã´ËÃ×ÍÍÑ¤¤ÕÀÑÂÊíÒËÃÑº methyl methacrylate (¡ÃÁ¤Çº¤ØÁÁÅ¾ÔÉ 2553; ¡ÃÁâÃ§§Ò¹ÍØμÊÒË¡ÃÃÁ, 2544)

14.1 ¡ÒÃË¡Ã´ (1) ãËŒ¡Ñé¹áÂ¡ºÃÔàÇ³·ÕèÁÕ¡ÒÃË¡Ã´¢Í§ methyl methacrylate ÍÂ‹Ò§¹ŒÍÂ 50 àÁμÃ (150 ¿Øμ) â´ÂÃÍº·Ñ¹·Õ ¡Ñ¹ºØ¤¤Å·ÕèäÁ‹à¡ÕèÂÇ¢ŒÍ§ÍÍ¡¨Ò¡¨Ø´à¡Ô´àËμØ ãËŒÍÂÙ‹àË¹×ÍÅÁáÅÐÍÂ‹ÒÍÂÙ‹ã¹·ÕèμèíÒ ãËŒ Ù´«Ñº methyl methacrylate ·ÕèË¡ÃÑèÇäËÅ ŒÇÂ Ô¹ ·ÃÒÂ ËÃ×ÍÇÑÊ´ØÍ×è¹·ÕèäÁ‹μÔ´ä¿ áÅŒÇà¡çºãÊ‹ã¹ÀÒª¹Ðà¾×èÍ¹íÒä»¡íÒ¨Ñ´ - ¡Ã³Õ·ÕèÁÕ¡ÒÃË¡Ã´ÁÒ¡ ãËŒ·íÒ·íÒ¹º¡Ñé¹à¾×èÍ»‡Í§¡Ñ¹¡ÒÃá¾Ã‹¡ÃÐ¨ÒÂ áÅÐ¾Ô¨ÒÃ³ÒÍ¾Â¾»ÃÐªÒª¹·ÕèÍÂÙ‹ãμŒÅÁÍÂ‹Ò§¹ŒÍÂ 300 àÁμÃ (1,000 ¿Øμ) (2) ËŒÒÁÊÑÁ¼ÑÊËÃ×Íà´Ô¹ÂèíÒºÃÔàÇ³·ÕèÁÕ methyl methacrylate Ë¡ÃÑèÇäËÅ ¶ŒÒ·íÒä Œâ´ÂäÁ‹àÊÕèÂ§ÍÑ¹μÃÒÂ ãËŒÃÐ§Ñº¡ÒÃÃÑèÇäËÅ (3) »‡Í§¡Ñ¹äÁ‹ãËŒ methyl methacrylate Ë¡Å§ÊÙ‹áËÅ‹§¹éíÒ ·‹ÍÃÐºÒÂ¹éíÒ ªÑé¹ãμŒ Ô¹ ËÃ×Í ºÃÔàÇ³·ÕèÍÑºÍÒ¡ÒÈ (4) äÍÃÐàËÂ¢Í§ methyl methacrylate ÍÒ¨à¤Å×èÍ¹ä»ÂÑ§áËÅ‹§·ÕèÁÕ»ÃÐ¡ÒÂä¿ μÔ´ä¿ áÅÐÂŒÍ¹¡ÅÑºÁÒÂÑ§ºÃÔàÇ³·ÕèÁÕ¡ÒÃË¡ÃÑèÇäËÅ ¡íÒ¨Ñ´áËÅ‹§¡íÒà¹Ô´ä¿·Ø¡ª¹Ô´ ËŒÒÁÊÙººØËÃÕè ¨Ø´¾ÅØä¿ ËÃ×Í¡ÃÐ·íÒ¡ÒÃã´ æ ·Õè¡‹ÍãËŒà¡Ô´»ÃÐ¡ÒÂä¿ ËÃ×Íà»ÅÇä¿ã¹ºÃÔàÇ³·ÕèÁÕ¡ÒÃË¡ÃÑèÇäËÅ

14.2 ¡ÒÃà¡Ô´ÍÑ¤¤ÕÀÑÂËÃ×ÍÃÐàºÔ´ (1) àÁ×èÍ methyl methacrylate ä´ŒÃÑº¤ÇÒÁÃŒÍ¹ÊÙ§ËÃ×ÍàÁ×èÍä¿äËÁŒ¨ÐÊÅÒÂμÑÇãËŒ¤ÇÑ¹·ÕèÁÕÄ· Ôì¡Ñ´¡Ã‹Í¹ ·íÒãËŒà¡Ô´¡ÒÃÃÐ¤ÒÂà¤×Í§ ËÃ×Íà»š¹¾ÔÉ - ã¹¡ÒÃ Ñºà¾ÅÔ§ãËŒÊÇÁªØ´»‡Í§¡Ñ¹äÍÃÐàËÂ·Õè»�´ÁÔ´ªÔ´·Ñé§μÑÇ ¾ÃŒÍÁà¤Ã×èÍ§ª‹ÇÂËÒÂã¨ª¹Ô´ÁÕ¶Ñ§ÍÒ¡ÒÈã¹μÑÇ (self contained breathing apparatus, SCBA)

¡ÒÃË¡Ã´spills

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(2) ¡ÒÃà¡Ô´ÍÑ¤¤ÕÀÑÂ ¡Ã³Õà¡Ô´à¾ÅÔ§äËÁŒ¢¹Ò´àÅç¡ - ãªŒ¼§à¤ÁÕáËŒ§ ¤ÒÃ�ºÍ¹ä´ÍÍ¡ä«´� ¹éíÒ©Õ´à»š¹ÅíÒ½ÍÂ ËÃ×Íâ¿Á´Ñºà¾ÅÔ§ª¹Ô´ÁÕ¢ÑéÇ (alcohol resistant foam) ¡Ã³Õà¡Ô´à¾ÅÔ§äËÁŒ¢¹Ò´ãËÞ‹ - ãËŒ©Õ´¹éíÒà»š¹ÅíÒ½ÍÂ ËÁÍ¡ ËÃ×ÍãªŒâ¿Á Ñºà¾ÅÔ§ª¹Ô´ÁÕ¢ÑéÇ ËŒÒÁ©Õ´¹éíÒà»š¹ÅíÒμÃ§ - ¶ŒÒ¾Ô ÒÃ³ÒáÅŒÇÇ‹Ò¨ÐäÁ‹à¡Ô ÍÑ¹μÃÒÂμ‹ÍÃ‹Ò§¡ÒÂ¨Ò¡à¾ÅÔ§äËÁŒ ãËŒà¤Å×èÍ¹ÂŒÒÂÀÒª¹ÐºÃÃ¨ØËÃ×ÍËÕºË‹Í·ÕèäÁ‹àÊÕÂËÒÂÍÍ¡¨Ò¡ºÃÔàÇ³·Õèà¡Ô´à¾ÅÔ§äËÁŒ ¡Ã³Õà¡Ô´à¾ÅÔ§äËÁŒÀÒª¹ÐºÃÃ¨ØËÃ×Íã¡ÅŒ¡ÑºÀÒª¹ÐºÃÃ¨ØËÃ×ÍÃ¶¢¹Ê‹§ - ãËŒ¡Ñé¹áÂ¡ºÃÔàÇ³·Õèà¡Ô´à¾ÅÔ§äËÁŒ 800 àÁμÃ (0.5 äÁÅ�) áÅÐÍ¾Â¾»ÃÐªÒª¹â´ÂÃÍºà»š¹ÃÐÂÐ·Ò§ 800 àÁμÃ (0.5 äÁÅ�) â´ÂÃÍº - Ñºà¾ÅÔ§¨Ò¡ÃÐÂÐä¡Å·ÕèÊØ´ ËÃ×ÍãªŒËÑÇ©Õ´¹éíÒª¹Ô´äÁ‹μŒÍ§ãªŒ¤¹¶×Í ËÃ×ÍãªŒá·‹¹©Õ´¹éíÒá·¹ - ËŒÒÁ©Õ´ ŒÇÂ¹éíÒáÃ§ Ñ¹ÊÙ§à¾ÃÒÐ¨Ð·íÒãËŒ methyl methacrylate ·ÕèË¡à¡Ô´¡ÒÃ¡ÃÐ¨ÒÂμÑÇ - ÊÃŒÒ§·íÒ¹º¡Ñé¹¹éíÒàÊÕÂ¨Ò¡¡ÒÃ´Ñºà¾ÅÔ§à¾×èÍÃÇºÃÇÁ¹íÒä»¡íÒ¨Ñ´ÀÒÂËÅÑ§ - ©Õ´¹éíÒ»ÃÔÁÒ³ÁÒ¡áÅÐËÅ‹ÍàÂç¹ÀÒª¹ÐºÃÃ¨Ø¨¹¡Ç‹Òà¾ÅÔ§¨ÐÊ§º - ãËŒÍÂÙ‹ä¡Å¨Ò¡ÀÒª¹ÐºÃÃ¨Ø·Õè¶Ù¡ä¿ÅØ¡·‹ÇÁ - ¶ŒÒÍØ»¡Ã³�ÃÐºÒÂ¤ÇÒÁ´Ñ¹¹ÔÃÀÑÂ¢Í§ÀÒª¹ÐºÃÃ¨Øà¡Ô àÊÕÂ§ Ñ§ËÃ×ÍÀÒª¹ÐºÃÃ¨Øà»ÅÕèÂ¹ÊÕ ãËŒ¶Í¹¡íÒÅÑ§à¨ŒÒË¹ŒÒ·ÕèÍÍ¡¨Ò¡ºÃÔàÇ³¹Ñé¹·Ñ¹·Õà¾ÃÒÐÍÒ¨à¡Ô´ÃÐàºÔ´ä Œ (3) ¹éíÒ¨Ò¡¡ÒÃ´Ñºà¾ÅÔ§ÁÕÄ· Ôì¡Ñ ¡Ã‹Í¹ÍÒ¨à»š¹¾ÔÉáÅÐ¡‹ÍãËŒà¡Ô »ÞËÒ¹éíÒàÊÕÂä Œ


15.1 ¡ÒÃ»°Á¾ÂÒºÒÅ ¡Ã³Õä ŒÃÑº methyl methacrylate ºÃ ÔàÇ³¼ÔÇË¹Ñ§ËÃ×Í´Ç§μÒ ãËŒ¶Í´àÊ×éÍ¼ŒÒ·Õèà»„œÍ¹ÍÍ¡·Ñ¹·Õ ÅŒÒ§¼ÔÇË¹Ñ§ºÃÔàÇ³·Õèà»„œÍ¹´ŒÇÂ¹éíÒÊÐÍÒ´â´Âà» �´¹éíÒãËŒäËÅ¼‹Ò¹ÍÂ‹Ò§¹ŒÍÂ 20 ¹Ò·Õ ¡Ã³Õ¼ÙŒ»†ÇÂä ŒÃÑº methyl methacrylate â´Â¡ÒÃÊÙ´´Á ãËŒ¹íÒ¼ÙŒ»†ÇÂä»ºÃÔàÇ³·ÕèÁÕÍÒ¡ÒÈºÃÔÊØ· Ôì ¶ŒÒ¼ÙŒ»†ÇÂËÒÂã¨ÅíÒºÒ¡ãËŒÍÍ¡«Ôà¨¹ ãªŒà¤Ã×èÍ§ª‹ÇÂËÒÂã¨ËÒ¡¼ÙŒ»†ÇÂËÂØ ËÒÂã¨ ÃÑ¡ÉÒÍØ³ËÀÙÁÔ¢Í§Ã‹Ò§¡ÒÂ¢Í§¼ÙŒ»†ÇÂãËŒÍºÍØ‹¹áÅÐãËŒÍÂÙ‹ã¹·Õèà§ÕÂºÊ§º áÅÐÃÕº¹íÒÊ‹§á¾·Â� ¡Ã³Õ¼ÙŒ»†ÇÂ¡Å×¹ËÃ×Í¡Ô¹ methyl methacrylate ¡ÃÐμØŒ¹ãËŒ¼ÙŒ»†ÇÂÍÒà¨ÕÂ¹·Ñ¹·Õâ´ÂºØ¤ÅÒ¡Ã·Ò§á¾·Â� (¡ÃÁ¤Çº¤ØÁÁÅ¾ÔÉ 2553; ¡ÃÁ¤Çº¤ØÁÁÅ¾ÔÉ 2554; ¡ÃÁâÃ§§Ò¹ÍØμÊÒË¡ÃÃÁ, 2544)

15.2 ¤íÒá¹Ð¹íÒÊíÒËÃÑºá¾·Â� ¡Ã³Õ¼ÙŒ»†ÇÂ¡Å×¹ËÃ×Í¡Ô¹ methyl methacrylate àÁ×èÍ·íÒãËŒ¼ÙŒ»†ÇÂÍÒà¨ÕÂ¹áÅŒÇ ãËŒ¼ÙŒ»†ÇÂ ×èÁÊ‹Ç¹¼ÊÁ¢Í§¶‹Ò¹¡ÑÁÁÑ¹μ� 2 ªŒÍ¹âμ�Ð¡Ñº¹éíÒ 8 ÍÍ¹« � à¾×èÍãËŒ Ù´«Ñº methyl methacrylate ·ÕèÂÑ§ÍÒ¨μ¡¤ŒÒ§ã¹ÃÐºº·Ò§à Ô¹ÍÒËÒÃ μŒÍ§¤ÍÂμÃÇ¨ÊÀÒ¾Ã‹Ò§¡ÒÂ¢Í§¼ÙŒ»†ÇÂ à¾ÃÒÐÍÒ¡ÒÃ¢Í§¼ÙŒ»†ÇÂÍÒ¨áÊ´§ÍÍ¡ÀÒÂËÅÑ§ (¡ÃÁ¤Çº¤ØÁÁÅ¾ÔÉ 2554)

¡ÒÃºíÒºÑ´àÁ×èÍà¡Ô´¾ÔÉtreatment of poisoning

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methyl methacrylate à»š¹¢Í§àËÅÇ ÇÔ Õ Ñ ¡ÒÃ¡Ò¡¢Í§àÊÕÂÊÒÁÒÃ¶·íÒä Œâ´Â¡ÒÃà¼ÒáººÊÁºÙÃ³ � (incineration) ËÃ×Í´Ù´«Ñº ŒÇÂÇÑÊ´Ø Ù´«Ñº àª‹¹ vermiculite ·ÃÒÂáËŒ§ Ô¹ ËÃ×ÍÇÑÊ´Ø·Õè¤ÅŒÒÂ¡Ñ¹áÅŒÇ¹íÒä»¨Ñ ¡ÒÃâ´ÂÇÔ Õ¡ÒÃ½§¡ÅºÍÂ‹Ò§»ÅÍ´ÀÑÂ (secure landfi ll)

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SWE (2005)

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EC (2009)


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¡ÃÁ¤Çº¤ØÁÁÅ¾ÔÉ (2553) ¤Ù‹Á×ÍÃÐ§ÑºÍØºÑμÔÀÑÂÊÒÃà¤ÁÕ 2008 Emergency Response Guidebook ¡ÃÁ¤Çº¤ØÁÁÅ¾ÔÉ ¡ÃÐ·ÃÇ§·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡Ã¸ÃÃÁªÒμÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ ¡ÃØ§à·¾ 374 Ë¹ŒÒ

¡ÃÁ¤Çº¤ØÁÁÅ¾ÔÉ (2554) Methyl Methacrylate. àÍ¡ÊÒÃ¢ŒÍÁÙÅ¤ÇÒÁ»ÅÍ´ÀÑÂà¤ÁÕÀÑ³± � (MSDS). ÈÙ¹Â�¢ŒÍÁÙÅÇÑμ¶ØÍÑ¹μÃÒÂáÅÐà¤ÁÕÀÑ³± � Chemical Data Bank. ¡ÃÁ¤Çº¤ØÁÁÅ¾ÔÉ ¡ÃÐ·ÃÇ§·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡Ã¸ÃÃÁªÒμÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ http://msds.pcd.go.th/searchName.asp?vID=172

¡ÃÁâÃ§§Ò¹ÍØμÊÒË¡ÃÃÁ (2544) ¤Ù‹Á×Í¡ÒÃÃÐ§ÑºÍØºÑμÔÀÑÂ¨Ò¡ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕ ¡ÃÁâÃ§§Ò¹ÍØμÊÒË¡ÃÃÁ ¡ÃÐ·ÃÇ§ÍØμÊÒË¡ÃÃÁ ¡ÃØ§à·¾ 244 Ë¹ŒÒ

¡ÃÁÈØÅ¡Ò¡Ã (2550 - 2554) ¢ŒÍÁÙÅÊ¶ÔμÔ¡ÒÃ¤ŒÒÃÐËÇ‹Ò§»ÃÐà·È¢Í§ä·Â Foreign Trade Statistics of Thailand Imports. ¡ÃÁÈØÅ¡Ò¡Ã ¡ÃÐ·ÃÇ§¡ÒÃ¤ÅÑ§

¡ÃÐ·ÃÇ§ÍØμÊÒË¡ÃÃÁ (2538) »ÃÐ¡ÒÈ¡ÃÐ·ÃÇ§ÍØμÊÒË¡ÃÃÁ àÃ×èÍ§ ºÑÞªÕÃÒÂª×èÍÇÑμ¶ØÍÑ¹μÃÒÂ ¾.È. 2538 ÃÒª¡Ô¨¨Ò¹Øàº¡ÉÒ ©ºÑº·ÑèÇä» àÅ‹Á 112 μÍ¹¾ÔàÈÉ 13 § ÇÑ¹·Õè 1 ¾ÄÉÀÒ¤Á 2538

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àÍ¡ÊÒÃÍŒÒ§ÍÔ§reference


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½ = e– kt

ln ½ = – kt t½ = 0.693/k

¤ÇÒÁ¶‹Ç§ íÒà¾ÒÐ (specifi c gravity) ¹éíÒË¹Ñ¡¢Í§ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕàÁ×èÍà»ÃÕÂºà·ÕÂº¡Ñº¹éíÒ·Õè»ÃÔÁÒμÃà·‹Ò¡Ñ¹ (¹éíÒ = 1) ¶ŒÒÊÒÃà¤ÁÕ¹Ñé¹äÁ‹ÅÐÅÒÂ¹éíÒáÅÐÁÕ¤‹Ò¤ÇÒÁ¶‹Ç§ íÒà¾ÒÐÁÒ¡¡Ç‹Ò 1 ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕ¹Ñé¹¡ç¨Ð¨Á¹éíÒ ¶ŒÒÁÕ¤‹Ò¤ÇÒÁ¶‹Ç§ íÒà¾ÒÐ¹ŒÍÂ¡Ç‹Ò 1 ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕ¹Ñé¹¨ÐÅÍÂ¹éíÒ

ÀÒ¤¼¹Ç¡ 1Í¸ÔºÒÂ¤íÒÈÑ¾·�


¤ÇÒÁË¹Òá¹‹¹äÍ (vapor density) ¹éíÒË¹Ñ¡¢Í§äÍËÃ×Í¡ �Ò«àÁ×èÍà·ÕÂº¡ÑºÍÒ¡ÒÈ·ÕèÁÕ»ÃÔÁÒμÃà·‹Ò¡Ñ¹ (ÍÒ¡ÒÈ = 1)

¨Ø´à´×Í´ (boiling point) ÍØ³ËÀÙÁÔ·Õè·íÒãËŒÊÒÃà¤ÁÕà»ÅÕèÂ¹Ê¶Ò¹Ð¨Ò¡¢Í§àËÅÇà´×Í´¡ÅÒÂà»š¹äÍ »˜ ¨ÑÂ·ÕèÁÕ¼Åμ‹Í¨Ø ËÅÍÁàËÅÇ ¤×Í ¤ÇÒÁ´Ñ¹ ¶ŒÒ¤ÇÒÁ´Ñ¹à¾ÔèÁ¢Öé¹¨Ð·íÒãËŒ¨Ø´à´×Í´à¾ÔèÁ¢Öé¹ áÅÐ¶ŒÒ¤ÇÒÁ´Ñ¹Å´Å§¨Ð·íÒãËŒ¨Ø´à´×Í´Å´Å§´ŒÇÂ

¨Ø´ËÅÍÁàËÅÇ (melting point) ÍØ³ËÀÙÁÔ·Õè·íÒãËŒÊÒÃà¤ÁÕà»ÅÕèÂ¹Ê¶Ò¹Ð¨Ò¡¢Í§á¢ç§à»š¹¢Í§àËÅÇ »¨¨ÑÂ·ÕèÁÕ¼Åμ‹Í¨Ø´ËÅÍÁàËÅÇ ¤×Í ¤ÇÒÁ´Ñ¹ ¶ŒÒ¤ÇÒÁ´Ñ¹à¾ÔèÁ¢Öé¹¨Ð·íÒãËŒ¨Ø´ËÅÍÁàËÅÇà¾ÔèÁ¢Öé¹ áÅÐ¶ŒÒ¤ÇÒÁ´Ñ¹Å´Å§¨Ð·íÒãËŒ¨Ø´ËÅÍÁàËÅÇÅ´Å§´ŒÇÂ

à·¤¹Ô¤ÍÅà¡Ã´ (technical grade) ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕ·ÕèÂÑ§ÁÕÊÒÃà¤ÁÕÍ×è¹¼ÊÁÍÂÙ‹à»š¹ÊÒÃà¨×Í»¹ (impurity) «Öè§¼ÙŒ¼ÅÔμäÁ‹ä Œ¡íÒ¨Ñ ÍÍ¡ãËŒËÁ´ ¡ÒÃ¡íÒ¨Ñ ÊÒÃà¨×Í»¹ÍÍ¡ãËŒËÁ´Ê‹Ç¹ãËÞ‹μŒÍ§ãªŒ¡ÃÐºÇ¹¡ÒÃμ‹Ò§ æ ËÅÒÂ¢Ñé¹μÍ¹ ËÃ×ÍËÅÒÂ¡ÃÐºÇ¹¡ÒÃ àÊÕÂ¤‹ÒãªŒ¨‹ÒÂÊÙ§ ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕ·Õèà»š¹à·¤¹Ô¤ÍÅà¡Ã´ÊÒÁÒÃ¶¹íÒä»ãªŒ»ÃÐâÂª¹�ä Œ áμ‹¼ÙŒãªŒμŒÍ§·ÃÒº ŒÇÂÇ‹ÒÁÕÊÒÃà ×Í»¹ã´ºŒÒ§¼ÊÁÍÂÙ‹ à¾×èÍäÁ‹ãËŒÁÕ¼Å¡ÃÐ·ºμ‹Í¡ÒÃ¹íÒä»ãªŒ ÊÒÃà ×Í»¹¹ÕéÍÒ¨à»š¹ÊÒÃμÑé§μŒ¹·ÕèãªŒ¼ÅÔμ ËÃ×ÍÊÒÃ·Õèà¡Ô ¨Ò¡» Ô¡ÔÃÔÂÒ¡ÒÃ¼ÅÔμ ¼ÙŒ¼ÅÔμ¨ÐáÊ´§»ÃÔÁÒ³ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕáÅÐÊÒÃà¨×Í»¹·Ø¡ª¹Ô´º¹©ÅÒ¡º¹ÀÒª¹ÐºÃÃ¨Ø

àÅ¢·ÐàºÕÂ¹ CAS (CASRN, Chemical Abstracts Service Registration Number) ËÁÒÂ¶Ö§ ÃÐººμÑÇàÅ¢ÊíÒËÃÑºÊÒÃà¤ÁÕáμ‹ÅÐª¹Ô â´Âà©¾ÒÐ à»š¹ÃÐºº·Õè¾Ñ²¹Ò¢Öé¹â´Â Chemical Abstracts Service ËÃ×Í CAS ÀÒÂãμŒË¹‹ÇÂ§Ò¹ËÅÑ¡ ¤×Í American Chemical Society ËÃ×Í ACS àÃÔèÁãªŒà»š¹¤ÃÑé§áÃ¡ã¹»‚ ¾.È. 2508 â´ÂÁÕÇÑμ¶Ø»ÃÐÊ§¤� à¾×èÍÃÐºØÊÒÃà¤ÁÕáμ‹ÅÐª¹Ô´â´ÂäÁ‹ãËŒà¡Ô´¤ÇÒÁÊÑºÊ¹ËÃ×ÍÃÐºØÊÒÃà¤ÁÕ¼Ô´ à¹×èÍ§¨Ò¡ ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕ 1 ª¹Ô´ÁÑ¡ÁÕª×èÍàÃÕÂ¡ÁÒ¡¡Ç‹Ò 1 ª×èÍ àª‹¹ ª×èÍ·ÑèÇä» (general name) ª×èÍà¤ÁÕ (chemical name) ª×èÍ¡ÒÃ¤ŒÒ (trade name) ÃÐºº·Õè CAS ¾Ñ²¹Ò¢Öé¹¹Õéà»š¹¡ÒÃÃÐºØÊÒÃà¤ÁÕ ŒÇÂÃÐººμÑÇàÅ¢ áÅÐÃÐºº¹ÕéäÁ‹ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁÊÑÁ¾Ñ¹¸ �¡Ñºª×èÍËÃ×ÍÊÙμÃâ¤Ã§ÊÃŒÒ§¢Í§ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕ CAS ¨Ð¡íÒË¹´àÅ¢·ÐàºÕÂ¹μÒÁÅíÒ´Ñº¢Í§ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕ·Õè CAS ä ŒÃÑº¢ŒÍÁÙÅà¡ÕèÂÇ¡ÑºÊÒÃà¤ÁÕ¹Ñé¹

àÅ¢·ÐàºÕÂ¹ CAS »ÃÐ¡Íº´ŒÇÂàÅ¢ 3 Ê‹Ç¹ áμ‹ÅÐÊ‹Ç¹ÁÕà¤Ã×èÍ§ËÁÒÂ - (hyphen) ¤Ñè¹ Ñ§¹Õé

A1A2A3A4A5A6A7 - B1B2 - C


Ê‹Ç¹·Õè 1 »ÃÐ¡Íº ŒÇÂμÑÇàÅ¢¨íÒ¹Ç¹ 2 - 7 ËÅÑ¡ (ã¹»¨¨ØºÑ¹àÅ¢·ÐàºÕÂ¹ CAS ÁÕ íÒ¹Ç¹μÑÇàÅ¢ã¹Ê‹Ç¹·Õè 1 à·‹Ò¡Ñº 7 ËÅÑ¡ áÅÐÊÒÁÒÃ¶à¾ÔèÁ íÒ¹Ç¹ä Œâ´ÂäÁ‹ÁÕ¢ŒÍ íÒ¡ÑμÒÁ¨íÒ¹Ç¹¢Í§ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕãËÁ‹)

Ê‹Ç¹·Õè 2 »ÃÐ¡Íº ŒÇÂμÑÇàÅ¢ 2 ËÅÑ¡Ê‹Ç¹·Õè 3 »ÃÐ¡Íº ŒÇÂμÑÇàÅ¢ 1 ËÅÑ¡ ·íÒË¹ŒÒ·Õèà»š¹μÑÇàÅ¢μÃÇ¨ÊÍº (check

digit) ÊíÒËÃÑº¡ÒÃμÃÇ¨ÊÍº¤ÇÒÁ¶Ù¡μŒÍ§¢Í§μÑÇàÅ¢ 2 Ê‹Ç¹áÃ¡ «Öè§ºØ¤¤Å·ÑèÇä»ÊÒÁÒÃ¶μÃÇ¨ÊÍºä´ŒÇ‹ÒàÅ¢·ÐàºÕÂ¹ CAS ¶Ù¡μŒÍ§ËÃ×ÍäÁ‹

ÇÔ¸Õ¤íÒ¹Ç³μÑÇàÅ¢Ê‹Ç¹·Õè 3 ÁÕ Ñ§¹Õé1. àÃÔèÁ¨Ò¡μÑÇàÅ¢ã¹Ê‹Ç¹·Õè 2 ËÅÑ¡ÊØ´·ŒÒÂ (B2) ¤Ù³´ŒÇÂ 1 àÅ¢ËÅÑ¡¶Ñ´ä»

·Ò§«ŒÒÂ (B1) ¤Ù³´ŒÇÂ 2 àÅ¢ËÅÑ¡¶Ñ´ä» (A7) ¤Ù³´ŒÇÂ 3 àÅ¢ËÅÑ¡¶Ñ´ä» (A6) ¤Ù³´ŒÇÂ 4 Ñ§¹Õéä»àÃ×èÍÂ æ ¨¹¤Ãº·Ø¡μÑÇàÅ¢¢Í§Ê‹Ç¹·Õè 2 áÅÐÊ‹Ç¹·Õè 1

2. ¹íÒ¼Å¤Ù³·Õèä ŒÁÒºÇ¡¡Ñ¹ áÅŒÇËÒÃ ŒÇÂ 10 àÈÉ·ÕèàËÅ×Í¨Ðà»š¹μÑÇàÅ¢¢Í§Ê‹Ç¹·Õè 3

μÑÇÍÂ‹Ò§ àÅ¢·ÐàºÕÂ¹ CAS ¢Í§¹éíÒ (water) ¤×Í 7732-18-5 ¡ÒÃ¤íÒ¹Ç³ËÒμÑÇàÅ¢Ê‹Ç¹·Õè 3 ÁÕ Ñ§¹Õé

1. ¤Ù³μÑÇàÅ¢áμ‹ÅÐËÅÑ¡¢Í§Ê‹Ç¹·Õè 2 áÅÐÊ‹Ç¹·Õè 1 ¨Ò¡¢ÇÒä»«ŒÒÂ ŒÇÂ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 áÅÐ 6 μÒÁÅíÒ´Ñº (¹éíÒÁÕàÅ¢Ê‹Ç¹·Õè 1 áÅÐÊ‹Ç¹·Õè 2 ÃÇÁ 6 μÑÇ) ¹íÒ¼Å¤Ù³·Õèä ŒÁÒºÇ¡¡Ñ¹

(1 8) + (2 1) + (3 2) + (4 3) + (5 7) + (6 7) 8 + 2 + 6 + 12 + 35 + 42 = 1052. ËÒÃ¼ÅºÇ¡·Õèä Œ ŒÇÂ 10 105/10 àËÅ×ÍàÈÉ 5 Ñ§¹Ñé¹ àÅ¢ 5 Ö§à»š¹μÑÇàÅ¢Ê‹Ç¹·Õè 3 ¢Í§àÅ¢·ÐàºÕÂ¹

CAS ¢Í§¹éíÒ

ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕ·ÕèÁÕËÅÒÂäÍâ«àÁÍÃ� áμ‹ÅÐäÍâ«àÁÍÃ �¨Ðä´ŒàÅ¢·ÐàºÕÂ¹ CAS ·Õèáμ¡μ‹Ò§¡Ñ¹ àª‹¹

D-¡ÅÙâ¤Ê ÁÕàÅ¢·ÐàºÕÂ¹ CAS ¤×Í 50-99-7L-¡ÅÙâ¤Ê ÁÕàÅ¢·ÐàºÕÂ¹ CAS ¤×Í 921-60-8-D-¡ÅÙâ¤Ê ÁÕàÅ¢·ÐàºÕÂ¹ CAS ¤×Í 26655-34-5ÍÂ‹Ò§äÃ¡ç Õ ºÒ§¤ÃÑé§âÁàÅ¡ØÅ·Ñé§¡ÅØ‹Áä ŒàÅ¢·ÐàºÕÂ¹ CAS à´ÕÂÇ¡Ñ¹ àª‹¹ àÍ¹ä«Á �

alcohol dehydrogenase ·Ø¡ª¹Ô´ÁÕàÅ¢·ÐàºÕÂ¹ CAS à´ÕÂÇ¡Ñ¹ ¤×Í 9031-72-5 ¢Í§¼ÊÁ¡çÁÕàÅ¢·ÐàºÕÂ¹ CAS ä´Œ àª‹¹ ¹éíÒÁÑ¹ÁÑÊμÒÃ � (mustard oil) ÁÕàÅ¢·ÐàºÕÂ¹ CAS ¤×Í 8007-40-7


ÊÑÁ»ÃÐÊÔ·¸Ôì¡ÒÃ´Ù´«Ñºã¹´Ô¹ (soil adsorption coeffi cient) ¡ÒÃ Ù´«ÑºÊÒÃà¤ÁÕã¹ Ô¹ÊÒÁÒÃ¶áÊ´§â´Â¤‹ÒÊÑÁ»ÃÐÊÔ· Ôì¡ÒÃ¡ÃÐ¨ÒÂμÑÇáº‹§Ê‹Ç¹¢Í§ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕÃÐËÇ‹Ò§ Ô¹áÅÐ¹éíÒ (partition coeffi cient, Kd)

Kd = CsCw

â´Â Cs à»š¹¤ÇÒÁà¢ŒÁ¢Œ¹¢Í§ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕã¹ Ô¹ (äÁâ¤Ã¡ÃÑÁ¢Í§ÊÒÃ·Õè¶Ù¡ Ù´«Ñº/¡ÃÑÁ¢Í§ Ô¹)

Cw à»š¹¤ÇÒÁà¢ŒÁ¢Œ¹¢Í§ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕã¹¹éíÒ (äÁâ¤Ã¡ÃÑÁ¢Í§ÊÒÃ·ÕèÅÐÅÒÂ¹éíÒ/¡ÃÑÁ¢Í§¹éíÒ ËÃ×ÍäÁâ¤Ã¡ÃÑÁ¢Í§ÊÒÃ·ÕèÅÐÅÒÂ¹éíÒ/ÅÔμÃ)

¡ÒÃ´Ù´«ÑºÊÒÃà¤ÁÕã¹´Ô¹ Ê‹Ç¹ãËÞ‹à»š¹¡ÒÃ´Ù´«Ñºâ´ÂÊÒÃÍÔ¹·ÃÕÂ�¢Í§¸ÒμØ¤ÒÃ �ºÍ¹ (organic carbon) ÀÒÂã¹´Ô¹ Ô¹μ‹Ò§ª¹Ô´¡Ñ¹ÁÕÊ‹Ç¹»ÃÐ¡Íº·Õèáμ¡μ‹Ò§¡Ñ¹ÍÂ‹Ò§ÁÒ¡ â´Âà©¾ÒÐÊ‹Ç¹»ÃÐ¡Íº·Õèà»š¹ÊÒÃÍÔ¹·ÃÕÂ�¢Í§¸ÒμØ¤ÒÃ�ºÍ¹ Ô¹·ÕèÁÕ»ÃÔÁÒ³ÊÒÃÍÔ¹·ÃÕÂ�¢Í§¸ÒμØ¤ÒÃ �ºÍ¹ÊÙ§ÊÒÁÒÃ¶´Ù´«ÑºÊÒÃà¤ÁÕä ŒÁÒ¡ áÅÐ´Ô¹·ÕèÁÕ»ÃÔÁÒ³ÊÒÃÍÔ¹·ÃÕÂ�¢Í§¸ÒμØ¤ÒÃ�ºÍ¹μèíÒ¡ç Ù´«ÑºÊÒÃà¤ÁÕä Œ¹ŒÍÂ ¨Ö§·íÒãËŒ¤‹Ò partition coeffi cient ¢Í§ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕã¹ Ô¹ª¹Ô´μ‹Ò§¡Ñ¹ÁÕ¤‹Ò·Õèáμ¡μ‹Ò§¡Ñ¹ÍÂ‹Ò§ÁÒ¡ Ñ§¹Ñé¹ ¡ÒÃáÊ´§¤‹Ò¡ÒÃ Ù´«ÑºÊÒÃà¤ÁÕã¹ Ô¹¨Ö§¹íÒàÍÒÃŒÍÂÅÐ¢Í§ÊÒÃÍÔ¹·ÃÕÂ�¢Í§¸ÒμØ¤ÒÃ�ºÍ¹ã¹ Ô¹ÁÒ¤íÒ¹Ç³´ŒÇÂ ä Œà»š¹¤‹ÒÊÑÁ»ÃÐÊÔ· Ôì¡ÒÃ Ù´«Ñºã¹ Ô¹ (adsorption coeffi cient, Koc) Ñ§ÊÁ¡ÒÃ

Koc = Kd 100% oc

â´Â % oc à»š¹ÃŒÍÂÅÐ¢Í§ÊÒÃÍÔ¹·ÃÕÂ�¢Í§¸ÒμØ¤ÒÃ�ºÍ¹ã¹´Ô¹

Bioconcentration factor (BCF) à»š¹´Ñª¹Õ·ÕèãªŒáÊ´§¡ÒÃÊÐÊÁ¢Í§ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕã¹ÊÔè§ÁÕªÕÇÔμã¹¹éíÒ ¡ÒÃÊÐÊÁ¢Í§ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕã¹ÊÔè§ÁÕªÕÇÔμà»š¹¡ÒÃ¡ÃÐ¨ÒÂμÑÇáº‹§Ê‹Ç¹ (partition) ÃÐËÇ‹Ò§ÊÔè§ÁÕªÕÇÔμáÅÐ¹éíÒ·ÕèÊÔè§ÁÕªÕÇÔμ¹Ñé¹ÍÒÈÑÂÍÂÙ‹ Ê‹Ç¹ãËÞ‹ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕã¹ÊÔè§ÁÕªÕÇÔμÊÐÊÁã¹Ê‹Ç¹·Õèà»š¹ä¢ÁÑ¹ áÅÐºÒ§Ê‹Ç¹ÃÇÁμÑÇ¡ÑºªÕÇâÁàÅ¡ØÅÀÒÂã¹à«ÅÅ � àª‹¹ â»ÃμÕ¹ áÅÐä¢ÁÑ¹ ¨Ö§·íÒãËŒ¤ÇÒÁà¢ŒÁ¢Œ¹¢Í§ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕÀÒÂã¹ÊÔè§ÁÕªÕÇÔμ¹Ñé¹ÊÙ§¡Ç‹Ò¤ÇÒÁà¢ŒÁ¢Œ¹ã¹¹éíÒÁÒ¡ ¤‹Ò BCF ¤íÒ¹Ç³ä´Œ¨Ò¡ÊÁ¡ÒÃ

BCF = ¤ÇÒÁà¢ŒÁ¢Œ¹¢Í§ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕã¹ÊÔè§ÁÕªÕÇÔμ·ÕèÍÒÈÑÂã¹¹éíÒ

¤ÇÒÁà¢ŒÁ¢Œ¹¢Í§ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕ·ÕèÅÐÅÒÂã¹¹éíÒ


Franke áÅÐ¤³Ð (1997) ä ŒàÊ¹Í¡ÒÃ Ñ ÃÐ Ñº¡ÒÃÊÐÊÁ¢Í§ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕã¹ÊÔè§ÁÕªÕÇÔμã¹¹éíÒâ´ÂãªŒ ¤‹Ò BCF äÇŒ 4 ÃÐ Ñº Ñ§¹Õé

ÃÐ´Ñº¡ÒÃÊÐÊÁ¢Í§ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕã¹ÊÔè§ÁÕªÕÇÔμã¹¹éíÒ

BCF

ÊÐÊÁä´Œ¹ŒÍÂ (low BCF)ÊÐÊÁ»Ò¹¡ÅÒ§ (moderate BCF)ÊÐÊÁä´ŒÊÙ§ (high BCF)ÊÐÊÁÊÙ§ÁÒ¡ (very high BCF)

< 3030 - 100

100 - 1,000> 1,000

·ÕèÁÒ: Franke C., Studinger G., Berger G., Bohling S., Bruckmann U., Cohors-Fresenborg D., and Johncke U. (1994) The assessment of bioaccumulation. Chemosphere 29, 1501 - 1514.

EINECS (European Inventory of Existing Chemical Substances) ÃÐººμÑÇàÅ¢ÊíÒËÃÑºÊÒÃà¤ÁÕáμ‹ÅÐª¹Ô´·Õè¨íÒË¹‹ÒÂã¹ÊËÀÒ¾ÂØâÃ»«Öè§ European Commission ¡íÒË¹´¢Öé¹ (EC number) ÁÕ 3 ÃÐºº ¤×Í

1. EINECS (European Inventory of Existing Chemical Substances) à»š¹àÅ¢·ÐàºÕÂ¹¢Í§ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕ·ÕèÁÕ¡ÒÃ¨íÒË¹‹ÒÂã¹ÊËÀÒ¾ÂØâÃ»ÃÐËÇ‹Ò§ÇÑ¹·Õè 1 Á¡ÃÒ¤Á 2514 - ¡‹Í¹ÇÑ¹·Õè 18 ÊÔ§ËÒ¤Á 2524

2. ELINCS (European List of Notifi ed Chemical Substances) à»š¹àÅ¢·ÐàºÕÂ¹¢Í§ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕ·ÕèÁÕ¡ÒÃ¨íÒË¹‹ÒÂã¹ÊËÀÒ¾ÂØâÃ»μÑé§áμ‹ÇÑ¹·Õè 18 ÊÔ§ËÒ¤Á 2524

3. NLP (No-longer polymers) à»š¹àÅ¢·ÐàºÕÂ¹¢Í§ÊÒÃâ¾ÅÕàÁÍÃ �EC number »ÃÐ¡Íº ŒÇÂàÅ¢ 3 Ê‹Ç¹ áμ‹ÅÐÊ‹Ç¹ÁÕà¤Ã×èÍ§ËÁÒÂ - (hyphen) ¤Ñè¹

Ñ§¹ÕéN1N2N3 - N4N5N6 - C

Ê‹Ç¹·Õè 1 »ÃÐ¡Íº ŒÇÂμÑÇàÅ¢ 3 ËÅÑ¡Ê‹Ç¹·Õè 2 »ÃÐ¡Íº ŒÇÂμÑÇàÅ¢ 3 ËÅÑ¡Ê‹Ç¹·Õè 3 »ÃÐ¡Íº ŒÇÂμÑÇàÅ¢ 1 ËÅÑ¡ ·íÒË¹ŒÒ·Õèà»š¹μÑÇàÅ¢μÃÇ¨ÊÍº (check

digit) ÊíÒËÃÑº¡ÒÃμÃÇ¨ÊÍº¤ÇÒÁ¶Ù¡μŒÍ§¢Í§μÑÇàÅ¢ 2 Ê‹Ç¹áÃ¡ «Öè§¡íÒË¹´â´Â European Commission


ÇÔ¸Õ¤íÒ¹Ç³μÑÇàÅ¢Ê‹Ç¹·Õè 3 (C) ÁÕ Ñ§¹Õé1. ¤Ù³ N1 ŒÇÂ 1 ¤Ù³ N2 ŒÇÂ 2 ¤Ù³ N3 ŒÇÂ 3 áÅÐ·íÒμ‹Íä»¨¹¶Ö§ N6 ¤Ù³

ŒÇÂ 62. ¹íÒ¼Å¤Ù³·Õèä ŒÁÒºÇ¡¡Ñ¹ áÅŒÇËÒÃ ŒÇÂ 11 àÈÉ·ÕèàËÅ×Í¨Ðà»š¹μÑÇàÅ¢¢Í§

Ê‹Ç¹·Õè 3 áμ‹¶ŒÒàÈÉ·ÕèàËÅ×ÍÁÕ¤‹Òà·‹Ò¡Ñº 10 àÅ¢·ÐàºÕÂ¹ EC number ¹Ñé¹äÁ‹ÊÒÁÒÃ¶¹íÒÁÒãªŒä Œ à¾ÃÒÐμÑÇàÅ¢Ê‹Ç¹·Õè 3 μŒÍ§à»š¹àÅ¢ 0 - 9 à·‹Ò¹Ñé¹

μÑÇÍÂ‹Ò§ àÅ¢·ÐàºÕÂ¹ EINECS ¢Í§ dexamethasone ¤×Í 200-003-9 ¡ÒÃ¤íÒ¹Ç³ËÒμÑÇàÅ¢Ê‹Ç¹·Õè 3 ÁÕ Ñ§¹Õé

1. ¤Ù³ N1 ŒÇÂ 1 ¤Ù³ N2 ŒÇÂ 2 ……. ¤Ù³ N6 ŒÇÂ 6 ¹íÒ¼Å¤Ù³·Õèä ŒÁÒºÇ¡¡Ñ¹

(1 2) + (2 0) + (3 0) + (4 0) + (5 0) + (6 3) 2 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 18 = 202. ËÒÃ¼ÅºÇ¡·Õèä Œ ŒÇÂ 11 20/11 àËÅ×ÍàÈÉ 9 ´Ñ§¹Ñé¹ àÅ¢ 9 Ö§à»š¹μÑÇàÅ¢Ê‹Ç¹·Õè 3 ¢Í§àÅ¢·ÐàºÕÂ¹

EINECS ¢Í§ dexamethasone

μÑÇÍÂ‹Ò§ ¡ÅØ‹ÁμÑÇàÅ¢·ÕèäÁ‹ÊÒÁÒÃ¶¹íÒÁÒà»š¹àÅ¢·ÐàºÕÂ¹ EC number ä Œ àª‹¹ 212-103 ¡ÒÃ¤íÒ¹Ç³ËÒμÑÇàÅ¢Ê‹Ç¹·Õè 3 ÁÕ Ñ§¹Õé

1. (1 2) + (2 1) + (3 2) + (4 1) + (5 0) + (6 3) 2 + 2 + 6 + 4 + 0 + 18 = 322. ËÒÃ¼ÅºÇ¡·Õèä Œ ŒÇÂ 11 32/11 àËÅ×ÍàÈÉ 10 ´Ñ§¹Ñé¹ àÅ¢ 212-103 Ö§äÁ‹ÊÒÁÒÃ¶¹íÒÁÒãªŒà»š¹

àÅ¢·ÐàºÕÂ¹ EC number ä´ŒàÅ¢·ÐàºÕÂ¹ EINECS àÃÔèÁμŒ¹´ŒÇÂËÁÒÂàÅ¢ 200-001-8 ¤×Í formaldehyde àÅ¢·ÐàºÕÂ¹ ENLICS àÃÔèÁμŒ¹´ŒÇÂËÁÒÂàÅ¢ 400-010-9 ¤×Í indosol yellow

SF-2RLàÅ¢·ÐàºÕÂ¹ NLP àÃÔèÁμŒ¹´ŒÇÂËÁÒÂàÅ¢ 500-001-0 ¤×Í 2-methylpropene,

trimers

Henry’s law constant ¤‹Ò¤§μÑÇ¢Í§¡ÒÃÃÐàËÂ¡ÅÒÂà»š¹äÍ¢Í§ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕ·ÕèÅÐÅÒÂã¹¹éíÒ Henry’s law ¡Å‹ÒÇÇ‹Ò ·ÕèÊÁ´ØÅ¤ÇÒÁà¢ŒÁ¢Œ¹¢Í§ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕã¹¹éíÒà»š¹»¯ÔÀÒ¤μÃ§¡Ñº¤ÇÒÁ´Ñ¹Â‹ÍÂ (partial pressure) ¢Í§ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕ¹Ñé¹ã¹ÍÒ¡ÒÈ (headspace) «Öè§à¢ÕÂ¹à»š¹ÊÁ¡ÒÃä´Œ Ñ§¹Õé


P = H X

â´Â P ¤×Í ¤‹Ò¤ÇÒÁ´Ñ¹Â‹ÍÂ¢Í§ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕ ÁÕË¹‹ÇÂà»š¹ºÃÃÂÒ¡ÒÈ

H ¤×Í Henry’s law constant ÁÕË¹‹ÇÂà»š¹ºÃÃÂÒ¡ÒÈ ÅÙ¡ºÒÈ¡�àÁμÃ/âÁÅ X ¤×Í ¤ÇÒÁà¢ŒÁ¢Œ¹¢Í§ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕã¹¹éíÒ ÁÕË¹‹ÇÂà»š¹âÁÅ/ÅÙ¡ºÒÈ¡�àÁμÃ

Henry’s law constant ÍÒ¨ËÁÒÂ¶Ö§ÊÑÁ»ÃÐÊÔ· Ôì¡ÒÃ¡ÃÐ¨ÒÂμÑÇ (partition coeffi cient) ¢Í§ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕÃÐËÇ‹Ò§ÍÒ¡ÒÈáÅÐ¹éíÒ Ñ§¹Ñé¹ Ö§ÊÒÁÒÃ¶à¢ÕÂ¹ÊÁ¡ÒÃáÊ´§ Henry’s law constant ä´Œ Ñ§¹Õé

H = VPS

â´Â H ¤×Í Henry’s law constant ÁÕË¹‹ÇÂà»š¹ºÃÃÂÒ¡ÒÈ ÅÙ¡ºÒÈ¡�àÁμÃ/âÁÅ VP ¤×Í ¤‹Ò¤ÇÒÁ´Ñ¹äÍ¢Í§ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕ ÁÕË¹‹ÇÂà»š¹ºÃÃÂÒ¡ÒÈ

S ¤×Í ¤‹Ò¡ÒÃÅÐÅÒÂ¹éíÒ¢Í§ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕ ÁÕË¹‹ÇÂà»š¹âÁÅ/ÅÙ¡ºÒÈ¡�àÁμÃ

ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕ·ÕèÅÐÅÒÂã¹¹éíÒä´Œ ÕáÅÐÁÕ¤‹Ò¤ÇÒÁ Ñ¹äÍμèíÒÁÕá¹Çâ¹ŒÁ¨ÐÃÐàËÂ¡ÅÒÂà»š¹äÍ¨Ò¡¹éíÒä´Œ¹ŒÍÂ â´Â·ÑèÇä»ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕ·ÕèÁÕ¤‹Ò Henry’s law constant ¹ŒÍÂ¡Ç‹ÒËÃ×Íà·‹Ò¡Ñº 10-7 ºÃÃÂÒ¡ÒÈ ÅÙ¡ºÒÈ¡�àÁμÃ/âÁÅ ¶×ÍÇ‹ÒäÁ‹ÁÕ¡ÒÃÃÐàËÂ¡ÅÒÂà»š¹äÍ¨Ò¡¹éíÒ ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕ·ÕèÁÕ¤‹Ò Henry’s law constant ¹ŒÍÂ¡Ç‹Ò 10-5 ºÃÃÂÒ¡ÒÈ ÅÙ¡ºÒÈ¡�àÁμÃ/âÁÅ ¡ÒÃÃÐàËÂ¡ÅÒÂà»š¹äÍ¨Ò¡áËÅ‹§¹éíÒà¡Ô´¢Öé¹ä Œ¹ŒÍÂáÅÐ¶×ÍÇ‹ÒäÁ‹ÁÕ¹ÑÂÊíÒ¤ÑÞ ÊíÒËÃÑºÊÒÃà¤ÁÕ·ÕèÁÕ¤‹Ò Henry’s law constant ÁÒ¡¡Ç‹Ò 10-5 ºÃÃÂÒ¡ÒÈ ÅÙ¡ºÒÈ¡�àÁμÃ/âÁÅ ¡ÒÃÃÐàËÂ¡ÅÒÂà»š¹äÍ¨Ò¡¹éíÒà¡Ô´¢Öé¹ÍÂ‹Ò§ÁÕ¹ÑÂÊíÒ¤ÑÞ áÅÐ¡ÒÃÃÐàËÂ¡ÅÒÂà»š¹äÍà»š¹ÇÔ¶Õ·Ò§¡ÒÃÊÙÞàÊÕÂÊÒÃà¤ÁÕ¨Ò¡áËÅ‹§¹éíÒ·ÕèÊíÒ¤ÑÞ·Ò§Ë¹Öè§

IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, IUPAC) ÊË¾Ñ¹¸ �à¤ÁÕºÃÔÊØ· ÔìáÅÐà¤ÁÕ»ÃÐÂØ¡μ�ÃÐËÇ‹Ò§»ÃÐà·È »ÃÐ¡Íº ŒÇÂ National Adhering Organizations «Öè§ÍÒ¨à»š¹ÊÁÒ¤Áà¤ÁÕËÃ×ÍÊ¶ÒºÑ¹ÇÔ·ÂÒÈÒÊμÃ�¢Í§»ÃÐà·Èμ‹Ò§ æ ËÃ×ÍÍ§¤ �¡ÒÃÍ×è¹´ŒÒ¹à¤ÁÕ¡çä Œ IUPAC ¡‹ÍμÑé§¢Öé¹ã¹»‚ ¾.È. 2462 ·íÒË¹ŒÒ·ÕèÊ×ºμ‹Í¨Ò¡ÊÀÒà¤ÁÕ»ÃÐÂØ¡μ�ÃÐËÇ‹Ò§»ÃÐà·Èà¾×èÍ¡ÒÃ¾Ñ²¹ÒÇÔªÒà¤ÁÕ ÊíÒ¹Ñ¡àÅ¢Ò¸Ô¡ÒÃ IUPAC μÑé§ÍÂÙ‹·ÕèÃÑ° North Carolina »ÃÐà·ÈÊËÃÑ°ÍàÁÃÔ¡Ò ¼Å§Ò¹ÊíÒ¤ÑÞ·Õèà»š¹·ÕèÃÙŒ Ñ¡¡Ñ¹ Õ·ÕèÊØ¢Í§ IUPAC ¤×Í ÃÐºº¡ÒÃàÃÕÂ¡ª×èÍÊÒÃà¤ÁÕ ŒÇÂÃÐºº¢Í§ IUPAC ËÃ×Í IUPAC name «Öè§·íÒãËŒ¡ÒÃàÃÕÂ¡ª×èÍÊÒÃà¤ÁÕäÁ‹ÁÕ¡ÒÃ«éíÒ«ŒÍ¹ §‹ÒÂμ‹Í¡ÒÃà¢ŒÒã¨ áÅÐÊÒÁÒÃ¶à¢ÕÂ¹ÊÙμÃâ¤Ã§ÊÃŒÒ§âÁàÅ¡ØÅä´Œ¨Ò¡ª×èÍà¤ÁÕ (IUPAC name)


LC50 (median lethal concentration) ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁËÁÒÂ 2 áºº ¤×Í (1) ËÁÒÂ¶Ö§ ¤ÇÒÁà¢ŒÁ¢Œ¹¢Í§ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕã¹ÍÒ¡ÒÈ«Öè§¤Ò´Ç‹Ò¨Ð·íÒãËŒÊÑμÇ�·´ÅÍ§·ÕèÊÙ ´Á

ã¹ÃÐÂÐàÇÅÒ·ÕèÃÐºØäÇŒμÒÂä»à»š¹¨íÒ¹Ç¹¤ÃÖè§Ë¹Öè§ (50%) ¢Í§ íÒ¹Ç¹àÃÔèÁμŒ¹ LC50 à»š¹ ¤‹Ò·Õè¤íÒ¹Ç³ä´Œ¨Ò¡¼Å¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒ ¡ÒÃ·´ÅÍ§·íÒâ´Âáº‹§ÊÑμÇ�·´ÅÍ§ÍÍ¡à»š¹¡ÅØ‹Á ¨íÒ¹Ç¹ÊÑμÇ�ã¹áμ‹ÅÐ¡ÅØ‹Áà·‹Ò æ ¡Ñ¹ ¡ÅØ‹ÁÅÐ 10 μÑÇËÃ×ÍÁÒ¡¡Ç‹Ò ãËŒÊÑμÇ�·´ÅÍ§ä ŒÃÑºÊÒÃ¡ÅØ‹ÁÅÐË¹Öè§¤ÇÒÁà¢ŒÁ¢Œ¹ à¹×èÍ§¨Ò¡»ÃÔÁÒ³ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕ·Õèà¢ŒÒÊÙ‹Ã‹Ò§¡ÒÂ¢Í§ÊÑμÇ�·´ÅÍ§¢Öé¹ÍÂÙ‹¡ÑºÃÐÂÐàÇÅÒ¢Í§¡ÒÃÊÙ ´Á Ñ§¹Ñé¹ ¡ÒÃÃÒÂ§Ò¹¤‹Ò LC50 ¨Ö§μŒÍ§ÃÐºØÃÐÂÐàÇÅÒ¢Í§¡ÒÃ·´ÅÍ§´ŒÇÂ àª‹¹ LC50 (4 ªÑèÇâÁ§) ¢Í§ tris (2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate ã¹Ë¹Ù rat à·‹Ò¡Ñº 44,660 ÁÔÅÅÔ¡ÃÑÁ/ÅÙ¡ºÒÈ¡�àÁμÃ

(2) ËÁÒÂ¶Ö§ ¤ÇÒÁà¢ŒÁ¢Œ¹¢Í§ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕã¹¹éíÒ«Öè§¤Ò´Ç‹Ò¨Ð·íÒãËŒÊÑμÇ�¹éíÒμÒÂä»à»š¹ íÒ¹Ç¹¤ÃÖè§Ë¹Öè§ (50%) ¢Í§ íÒ¹Ç¹àÃÔèÁμŒ¹ LC50 à»š¹¤‹Ò·Õè¤íÒ¹Ç³ä´Œ¨Ò¡¼Å¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒ ¡ÒÃ·´ÅÍ§·íÒâ´Âáº‹§ÊÑμÇ�·´ÅÍ§ÍÍ¡à»š¹¡ÅØ‹Á íÒ¹Ç¹ÊÑμÇ�ã¹áμ‹ÅÐ¡ÅØ‹Áà·‹Ò æ ¡Ñ¹ ¡ÅØ‹ÁÅÐ 10 μÑÇËÃ×ÍÁÒ¡¡Ç‹Ò àÅÕéÂ§ÊÑμÇ�·´ÅÍ§ã¹¹éíÒ·ÕèÁÕÊÒÃà¤ÁÕ·Õè¡íÒÅÑ§ÈÖ¡ÉÒ¤ÇÒÁà¢ŒÁ¢Œ¹ÅÐË¹Öè§¡ÅØ‹Á à¹×èÍ§¨Ò¡»ÃÔÁÒ³ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕ·Õèà¢ŒÒÊÙ‹Ã‹Ò§¡ÒÂ¢Í§ÊÑμÇ�¹éíÒ¢Öé¹ÍÂÙ‹¡ÑºÃÐÂÐàÇÅÒ¡ÒÃÍÒÈÑÂÍÂÙ‹ã¹¹éíÒ·ÕèÁÕÊÒÃà¤ÁÕÅÐÅÒÂÍÂÙ‹ Ñ§¹Ñé¹ ¡ÒÃÃÒÂ§Ò¹¤‹Ò LC50 ¨Ö§μŒÍ§ÃÐºØÃÐÂÐàÇÅÒ¡ÒÃ·´ÅÍ§·Õèá¹‹¹Í¹´ŒÇÂ â´Â·ÑèÇä»ÁÑ¡ãªŒàÇÅÒ¡ÒÃ·´ÅÍ§à·‹Ò¡Ñº 24, 48, 72 ËÃ×Í 96 ªÑèÇâÁ§ àª‹¹ LC50 (96 ªÑèÇâÁ§) ¢Í§ acrylonitrile ã¹»ÅÒ fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) à·‹Ò¡Ñº 18,100 ÁÔÅÅÔ¡ÃÑÁ/ÅÔμÃ

Kamrin (1997) ä ŒàÊ¹Í¡ÒÃ¨Ñ´ÃÐ´Ñº¤ÇÒÁà»š¹¾ÔÉ¢Í§ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕã¹ÊÑμÇ�¹éíÒâ´ÂãªŒ¤‹Ò LC50 ·Õè 96 ªÑèÇâÁ§äÇŒ 5 ÃÐ Ñº Ñ§¹Õé

ÃÐ´Ñº¤ÇÒÁà»š¹¾ÔÉ LC50 (ÁÔÅÅÔ¡ÃÑÁ/ÅÔμÃ)

¾ÔÉÃŒÒÂáÃ§ÁÒ¡¾ÔÉÁÒ¡¾ÔÉ»Ò¹¡ÅÒ§¾ÔÉ¹ŒÍÂäÁ‹à»š¹¾ÔÉ

< 0.10.1 - 11 - 10

10 - 100> 100

·ÕèÁÒ: Kamrin.M.A. (1997) Pesticide Profi les: Toxicity and

Environmental Impact. Lewis Publishers. Boca Raton, USA.


LD50 (median lethal dose) ËÁÒÂ¶Ö§»ÃÔÁÒ³ (dose) ¢Í§ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕ«Öè§¤Ò´Ç‹Ò¨Ð·íÒãËŒÊÑμÇ�·´ÅÍ§·Õèä ŒÃÑºÊÒÃ¹Ñé¹à¾ÕÂ§¤ÃÑé§à ÕÂÇμÒÂä»à»š¹¨íÒ¹Ç¹¤ÃÖè§Ë¹Öè§ (50%) ¢Í§¨íÒ¹Ç¹àÃÔèÁμŒ¹ LD50 à»š¹¤‹Ò·Õè¤íÒ¹Ç³ä´Œ¨Ò¡¼Å¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒ«Öè§ãËŒÊÑμÇ�·´ÅÍ§¨íÒ¹Ç¹ËÅÒÂ¡ÅØ‹Áä ŒÃÑºÊÒÃà¤ÁÕ·Õè»ÃÔÁÒ³μ‹Ò§ æ ¡Ñ¹ ÃÐÂÐàÇÅÒ·Õèà½‡ÒÊÑ§à¡μ¡ÒÃμÒÂ¢Í§ÊÑμÇ�»ÃÐÁÒ³ 2 - 3 ÇÑ¹ áμ‹äÁ‹à¡Ô¹ 2 ÊÑ»´ÒË� áÅÐà¾×èÍãËŒÊÒÁÒÃ¶à»ÃÕÂºà·ÕÂº¤ÇÒÁà»š¹¾ÔÉ¢Í§ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕã¹ÊÑμÇ�μ‹Ò§ª¹Ô´«Öè§ÁÕ¹éíÒË¹Ñ¡μÑÇ·Õèáμ¡μ‹Ò§¡Ñ¹ä Œ Ö§ÃÒÂ§Ò¹¤‹Ò LD50 à»š¹¹éíÒË¹Ñ¡¢Í§ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕ/¹éíÒË¹Ñ¡μÑÇ¢Í§ÊÑμÇ�·´ÅÍ§ àª‹¹ LD50 â´Â¡ÒÃãËŒ·Ò§»Ò¡ (oral) ¢Í§ chloroform ã¹Ë¹Ù rat ÊÒÂ¾Ñ¹¸Ø� Sprague-Dawley à¾È¼ÙŒ áÅÐà¾ÈàÁÕÂ ÁÕ¤‹Òà·‹Ò¡Ñº 908 áÅÐ 1,117 ÁÔÅÅÔ¡ÃÑÁ/¡ÔâÅ¡ÃÑÁ¹éíÒË¹Ñ¡μÑÇ μÒÁÅíÒ´Ñº

Í§¤�¡ÒÃÍ¹ÒÁÑÂâÅ¡ä Œáº‹§ÃÐ Ñº¤ÇÒÁà»š¹¾ÔÉà©ÕÂº¾ÅÑ¹ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕà»š¹ 4 ¡ÅØ‹Á â´ÂãªŒ¤‹Ò LD50 ã¹Ë¹Ù rat ´Ñ§¹Õé

ÃÐ´Ñº¤ÇÒÁà»š¹¾ÔÉà©ÕÂº¾ÅÑ¹

LD50 â´Â¡ÒÃãËŒ·Ò§»Ò¡ LD50 â´Â¡ÒÃ»‡ÒÂº¹¼ÔÇË¹Ñ§

¢Í§á¢ç§ ¢Í§àËÅÇ ¢Í§á¢ç§ ¢Í§àËÅÇ

Ia ¾ÔÉÃŒÒÂáÃ§ÁÒ¡ (extremely hazardous)Ib ¾ÔÉÃŒÒÂáÃ§ (highly hazardous)II ¾ÔÉ»Ò¹¡ÅÒ§ (moderately hazardous)III ¾ÔÉ¹ŒÍÂ (slightly hazardous)

5

5 - 50

50 - 500

500

20

20 - 200

200 - 2,000

2,000

10

10 - 100

100 - 1,000

1,000

40

40 - 400

400 - 4,000

4,000

·ÕèÁÒ: WHO (2004) The WHO Recommended Classifi cation of Pesticides by Hazard and Guidelines to Classifi cation. World Health Organization. Geneva, Switzerland.

* Ë¹‹ÇÂ¢Í§ LD50 ¤×Í ÁÔÅÅÔ¡ÃÑÁ/¡ÔâÅ¡ÃÑÁ¹éíÒË¹Ñ¡μÑÇ


n–octanol-water partition coeffi cient (Kow) à»š¹ÊÑÁ»ÃÐÊÔ· Ôì·ÕèãªŒáÊ´§¤ÇÒÁäÁ‹ªÍº¹éíÒ (hydrophobicity) ¢Í§ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕ Kow à»š¹¤‹Ò¤§μÑÇà©¾ÒÐ¢Í§ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕáμ‹ÅÐª¹Ô´ ¡ÒÃ·´ÅÍ§ËÒ¤‹Ò Kow ·íÒâ´ÂÇÑ ¤ÇÒÁà¢ŒÁ¢Í§ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕã¹¹éíÒáÅÐ n–octanol ·ÕèºÃÃ¨Øã¹ fl ask «Öè§à¢Â‹Ò¨¹¶Ö§ Ø´ÊÁ´ØÅ (equilibrium) Kow ¤íÒ¹Ç³ä´Œ¨Ò¡ÊÁ¡ÒÃ

Kow = ¤ÇÒÁà¢ŒÁ¢Œ¹¢Í§ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕã¹ n-octanol

¤ÇÒÁà¢ŒÁ¢Œ¹¢Í§ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕã¹¹éíÒ

Kow äÁ‹ãª‹ÍÑμÃÒÊ‹Ç¹ÃÐËÇ‹Ò§¡ÒÃÅÐÅÒÂ¢Í§ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕã¹ n–octanol áÅÐ¡ÒÃÅÐÅÒÂ¢Í§ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕã¹¹éíÒ à¹×èÍ§¨Ò¡ n–octanol ÊÒÁÒÃ¶ÅÐÅÒÂã¹¹éíÒä ŒàÅç¡¹ŒÍÂ (5.5 10– 3 âÁÅ/ÅÔμÃ) áÅÐ¹éíÒ¡çÊÒÁÒÃ¶ÅÐÅÒÂã¹ n–octanol ä ŒàÅç¡¹ŒÍÂàª‹¹¡Ñ¹ (2.3 âÁÅ/ÅÔμÃ) ¨Ò¡¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒ¾ºÇ‹Ò Kow ¢Í§ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕÁÕ¤‹ÒμÑé§áμ‹ 0.001 ¨¹¶Ö§ 100,000,000 Ñ§¹Ñé¹¨Ö§¹ÔÂÁÃÒÂ§Ò¹¤‹Ò Kow ã¹ÃÙ»¢Í§ log Kow ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕ·ÕèäÁ‹ªÍº¹éíÒÁÒ¡¨ÐÁÕ¤‹Ò Kow ÊÙ§

Kow à»š¹¾ÒÃÒÁÔàμÍÃ�·ÕèÊÒÁÒÃ¶ãªŒ·íÒ¹ÒÂ¾ÄμÔ¡ÃÃÁ¢Í§ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕã¹ÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁä Œ ¡Å‹ÒÇ¤×Í ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕ·ÕèäÁ‹ªÍº¹éíÒÁÒ¡ÁÕ¤‹Ò Kow ÊÙ§Â‹ÍÁÊÐÊÁã¹ÊÔè§ÁÕªÕÇÔμä Œ Õ à¾ÃÒÐ¡ÒÃÊÐÊÁ Ñ§¡Å‹ÒÇÊ‹Ç¹ãËÞ‹à»š¹¡ÒÃÊÐÊÁã¹ä¢ÁÑ¹¢Í§ÊÔè§ÁÕªÕÇÔμ áÅÐÊÒÃà¤ÁÕ¹Ñé¹¡ç¶Ù¡ Ù «Ñºã¹ Ô¹ä Œ Õàª‹¹à ÕÂÇ¡Ñ¹ à¹×èÍ§¨Ò¡ã¹·Ò§» ÔºÑμÔ¡ÒÃ·´ÅÍ§ËÒ¤‹Ò Kow §‹ÒÂ¡Ç‹Ò¡ÒÃ·´ÅÍ§ËÒ¤‹Ò bioconcentration factor (BCF) áÅÐ¤‹ÒÊÑÁ»ÃÐÊÔ· Ôì¡ÒÃ Ù´«Ñºã¹ Ô¹ (Koc) Ñ§¹Ñé¹ ¨Ö§ÁÕ¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒËÒ¤ÇÒÁÊÑÁ¾Ñ¹¸ �ÃÐËÇ‹Ò§¤‹Ò Kow áÅÐ BCF; Kow áÅÐ Koc

¢Í§ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕ¡ÅØ‹Áμ‹Ò§ æ «Öè§áÊ´§â´Â regression equation àª‹¹

(1) ¤ÇÒÁÊÑÁ¾Ñ¹¸ �ÃÐËÇ‹Ò§ Kow áÅÐ BCF

log BCF = 0.761 log Kow – 0.23

ÊÁ¡ÒÃ¹ÕéãªŒ¤íÒ¹Ç³ËÒ¤‹Ò log BCF ÊíÒËÃÑºÊÒÃà¤ÁÕ polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), ÊÒÃ»‡Í§¡Ñ¹áÅÐ¡íÒ¨Ñ´ÈÑμÃÙ¾×ªáÅÐÊÑμÇ�, chlorinated aliphatic, chlori-nated aromatics áÅÐ nitroaromatics â´ÂãªŒ¤‹Ò BCF ã¹»ÅÒ fathead minnow, bluegill, rainbow trout áÅÐ mosquito fi sh

(2) ¤ÇÒÁÊÑÁ¾Ñ¹¸ �ÃÐËÇ‹Ò§ Kow áÅÐ Koc

log Koc = 0.989 log Kow – 0.346


ÊÁ¡ÒÃ¹ÕéãªŒ¤íÒ¹Ç³ËÒ¤‹Ò Kow ÊíÒËÃÑºÊÒÃà¤ÁÕ polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), áÅÐ aldrin â´Â¤‹Ò Koc ¢Í§ Ô¹¤ÇÃÁÕÊÒÃ»ÃÐ¡ÍºÍÔ¹·ÃÕÂ�¢Í§¸ÒμØ¤ÒÃ �ºÍ¹ 0.66 - 2.38%

NFPA 704 à»š¹à¤Ã×èÍ§ËÁÒÂ (symbol) ·ÕèáÊ´§¤Ø³ÊÁºÑμÔ·Ò§à¤ÁÕ áÅÐ¤ÇÒÁà»š¹¾ÔÉ¢Í§ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕ«Öè§¡íÒË¹´â´ÂÊÁÒ¤Á»‡Í§¡Ñ¹ÍÑ¤¤ÕÀÑÂáË‹§ªÒμÔ¢Í§»ÃÐà·ÈÊËÃÑ°ÍàÁÃÔ¡Ò (National Fire Protection Association) à¤Ã×èÍ§ËÁÒÂÁÕÅÑ¡É³Ðà»š¹ÊÕèàËÅÕèÂÁ¨ÑμØÃÑÊ Ñ§áÊ´§ã¹ÃÙ»

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ÊÕèàËÅÕèÂÁ¨ÑμØÃÑÊàÅç¡ ŒÒ¹«ŒÒÂÁÕÊÕ¹éíÒà§Ô¹ áÊ´§¶Ö§ ¼Åμ‹ÍÊØ¢ÀÒ¾ (Health)ÊÕèàËÅÕèÂÁ¨ÑμØÃÑÊàÅç¡ ŒÒ¹º¹ÁÕÊÕá´§ áÊ´§¶Ö§ ¤ÇÒÁäÇä¿ (Flammability)ÊÕèàËÅÕèÂÁ ÑμØÃÑÊàÅç¡ ŒÒ¹¢ÇÒÁÕÊÕàËÅ×Í§ áÊ´§¶Ö§ ¤ÇÒÁäÁ‹¤§μÑÇ/¤ÇÒÁäÇμ‹Í» Ô¡ÔÃÔÂÒ

(Instability/Reactivity)ÊÕèàËÅÕèÂÁ ÑμØÃÑÊàÅç¡ ŒÒ¹Å‹Ò§ÁÕÊÕ¢ÒÇ áÊ´§¶Ö§ ÅÑ¡É³Ðà©¾ÒÐ¢Í§ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕ (Special)¤ÇÒÁÃØ¹áÃ§¢Í§¤Ø³ÊÁºÑμÔ¢Í§ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕ 3 ËÑÇ¢ŒÍ ¤×Í ¼Åμ‹ÍÊØ¢ÀÒ¾ (Health)

¤ÇÒÁäÇä¿ (Flammability) áÅÐ¤ÇÒÁäÁ‹¤§μÑÇ/¤ÇÒÁäÇμ‹Í»¯Ô¡ÔÃÔÂÒ (Instability/Reactivity) áº‹§à»š¹ 5 ÃÐ Ñº ÃÐºØ ŒÇÂμÑÇàÅ¢ 0 (ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁÃØ¹áÃ§¹ŒÍÂ·ÕèÊØ´) ¶Ö§ 4 (ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁÃØ¹áÃ§ÁÒ¡·ÕèÊØ´) Ñ§¹Õé

ÊÕ¹éíÒà§Ô¹ - ¼Åμ ‹ÍÊØ¢ÀÒ¾ (Health)0 äÁ‹ÁÕ¼Åμ‹ÍÊØ¢ÀÒ¾ áÅÐäÁ‹μŒÍ§ÁÕ¢ŒÍÃÐÇÑ§¾ÔàÈÉ (àª‹¹ ¹éíÒ)1 ÍÒ¨·íÒãËŒà¡Ô ¡ÒÃÃÐ¤ÒÂà¤×Í§ ËÃ×ÍÍÒ¨·íÒãËŒà¡Ô ÃÍÂá¼Åà¾ÕÂ§àÅç¡¹ŒÍÂà·‹Ò¹Ñé¹

(àª‹¹ acetone)2 ¡ÒÃä ŒÃÑº»ÃÔÁÒ³ÁÒ¡ËÃ×Íä´ŒÃÑºÊÒÃμÔ μ‹Í¡Ñ¹ËÅÒÂ¤ÃÑé§ áμ‹äÁ‹ãª‹¡ÒÃä ŒÃÑºÊÒÃ

áººàÃ×éÍÃÑ§ (chronic) ÍÒ¨à»š¹ÊÒàËμØãËŒäÁ‹ÊÒÁÒÃ¶·íÒ§Ò¹ä ŒμÒÁ»¡μÔ ËÃ×Íà»š¹ÍÑ¹μÃÒÂμ‹ÍÊØ¢ÀÒ¾ä´Œ (àª‹¹ ethyl ether)


3 ¡ÒÃä ŒÃÑºà¾ÕÂ§ª‹Ç§àÇÅÒÊÑé¹¡ç¨Ðà»š¹ÍÑ¹μÃÒÂÃŒÒÂáÃ§ªÑèÇ¤ÃÒÇËÃ×Í¶ÒÇÃä´Œ (àª‹¹ chlorine)

4 ¡ÒÃä ŒÃÑºÊÒÃà¾ÕÂ§ª‹Ç§àÇÅÒÊÑé¹ æ ÍÒ¨¶Ö§μÒÂä ŒËÃ×Í·íÒãËŒà¡Ô ÍÑ¹μÃÒÂÃŒÒÂáÃ§ä Œ (àª‹¹ hydrogen cyanide, phosphine, carbon monoxide)

ÊÕá´§ - ¤ÇÒÁäÇä¿ (Flammability)0 äÁ‹μÔ´ä¿ (àª‹¹ argon)1 μŒÍ§ä ŒÃÑº¤ÇÒÁÃŒÍ¹ÊÙ§à»š¹àÇÅÒ¹Ò¹ Ö§ÊÒÁÒÃ¶ÅØ¡μÔ ä¿ä Œ Ø ÇÒºä¿ÊÙ§¡Ç‹Ò

93« (àª‹¹ mineral oil)2 μŒÍ§ä ŒÃÑº¤ÇÒÁÃŒÍ¹»Ò¹¡ÅÒ§¶Ö§ÊÙ§ Ö§ÊÒÁÒÃ¶ÅØ¡μÔ ä¿ä Œ Ø ÇÒºä¿ÍÂÙ‹ÃÐËÇ‹Ò§

38 - 93« (àª‹¹ diesel fuel)3 ¢Í§á¢ç§ËÃ×Í¢Í§àËÅÇ·ÕèÊÒÁÒÃ¶ÅØ¡μÔ´ä¿ä Œ·Õè¤ÇÒÁ´Ñ¹áÅÐÍØ³ËÀÙÁÔ»¡μÔ

ÁÕ Ø à´×Í´à·‹Ò¡ÑºËÃ×ÍÊÙ§¡Ç‹Ò 38« Ø ÇÒºä¿ÍÂÙ‹ÃÐËÇ‹Ò§ 23 - 38« (àª‹¹ gasoline)4 ÃÐàËÂ¡ÅÒÂà»š¹äÍä´ŒÍÂ‹Ò§ÃÇ´àÃçÇáÅÐÍÂ‹Ò§ÊÁºÙÃ³ �·Õè¤ÇÒÁ Ñ¹áÅÐÍØ³ËÀÙÁÔ

»¡μÔ ËÃ×Íá¾Ã‹¡ÃÐ¨ÒÂã¹ÍÒ¡ÒÈáÅÐà¼ÒäËÁŒä Œ§‹ÒÂ ÁÕ¨Ø´ÇÒºä¿μèíÒ¡Ç‹Ò 23« (àª‹¹ hydrogen, propane)

ÊÕàËÅ×Í§ - ¤ÇÒÁäÁ‹¤§μ ÑÇ/¤ÇÒÁäÇμ ‹Í»¯Ô¡ÔÃÔÂÒ (Instability/Reactivity)0 ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁ¤§μÑÇÁÒ¡ ·Ñé§ã¹ÊÀÒÇÐ»¡μÔËÃ×Íä´ŒÃÑº¤ÇÒÁÃŒÍ¹ÊÙ§ áÅÐäÁ‹·íÒ»¯Ô¡ÔÃÔÂÒ

¡Ñº¹éíÒ (àª‹¹ helium)1 ã¹ÊÀÒÇÐ»¡μÔÁÕ¤ÇÒÁ¤§μÑÇ áμ‹àÁ×èÍÍØ³ËÀÙÁÔáÅÐ¤ÇÒÁ´Ñ¹à¾ÔèÁ¢Öé¹¨ÐäÁ‹¤§μÑÇ

(àª‹¹ propene)2 àÁ×èÍÍØ³ËÀÙÁÔáÅÐ¤ÇÒÁ´Ñ¹à¾ÔèÁ¢Öé¹¨Ðà¡Ô ¡ÒÃà»ÅÕèÂ¹á»Å§·Ò§à¤ÁÕÍÂ‹Ò§ÃØ¹áÃ§

·íÒ»¯Ô¡ÔÃÔÂÒ¡Ñº¹éíÒÍÂ‹Ò§ÃØ¹áÃ§ËÃ×Íà¡Ô´ÃÐàºÔ´àÁ×èÍ¼ÊÁ¡Ñº¹éíÒ (àª‹¹ phosphorus, potassium, sodium)

3 ¤ÇÒÁÃŒÍ¹áÅÐ¡ÒÃ¡ÃÐá·¡ÍÒ¨·íÒãËŒà¡Ô´¡ÒÃÃÐàºÔ´ä Œ (àª‹¹ ammonium nitrate)

4 ÊÒÁÒÃ¶ÃÐàºÔ ä Œ·ÕèÍØ³ËÀÙÁÔáÅÐ¤ÇÒÁ´Ñ¹»¡μÔ (àª‹¹ nitroglycerine, trinitro-toluene)


ÊÕ¢ÒÇ - ÅÑ¡É³Ðà©¾ÒÐ¢Í§ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕ (Special)NFPA ¡íÒË¹´ÅÑ¡É³Ð¢Í§ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕäÇŒ 2 ¡Ã³Õ ¤×ÍOX ÊíÒËÃÑºÊÒÃÍÍ¡«Ôä´Ê� (oxidizer) (àª‹¹ ammonium nitrate, chlorine,

hydrogen peroxide, potassium perchlorate)W ÊíÒËÃÑºÊÒÃà¤ÁÕ·Õè·íÒ»¯Ô¡ÔÃÔÂÒ¡Ñº¹éíÒä ŒÍÂ‹Ò§ÃØ¹áÃ§ËÃ×Íà»š¹ÍÑ¹μÃÒÂ (àª‹¹

cesium, sodium, sulfuric acid)à¤Ã×èÍ§ËÁÒÂ NFPA 704 ¹ÕéÁÕ»ÃÐâÂª¹�ÁÒ¡à¾ÃÒÐáÊ´§¤Ø³ÊÁºÑμÔ·Ò§à¤ÁÕ

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2.1 Ë¹‹ÇÂ§Ò¹´ŒÒ¹¡ÒÃ»ÃÐàÁÔ¹¤ÇÒÁàÊÕèÂ§ (1) U.S. EPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency) à»š¹Ë¹‹ÇÂ§Ò¹ËÅÑ¡·ÕèÈÖ¡ÉÒàÃ×èÍ§¡ÒÃ»ÃÐàÁÔ¹¤ÇÒÁàÊÕèÂ§ ã¹¢Ñé¹μÍ¹ dose-response assessment ¹Ñé¹ U.S. EPA ÃÒÂ§Ò¹¤‹Ò¤ÇÒÁ»ÅÍ´ÀÑÂ¢Í§ÊÒÃäÁ‹¡‹ÍÁÐàÃç§ ŒÇÂ¤‹Ò reference dose (RfD) áÅÐ reference concentration (RfC) U.S. EPA ä´Œ¤íÒ¹Ç³¤‹Ò RfD/RfC ¢Í§ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕÁÒ¡¡Ç‹Ò 500 ÊÒÃ¾ÃŒÍÁ·Ñé§ÃÒÂÅÐàÍÕÂ´¡ÒÃ¤íÒ¹Ç³ ÊÒÁÒÃ¶Ê×º¤Œ¹ä Œ¨Ò¡ website www.epa.gov/iris (2) ATSDR (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry) à»š¹ÍÕ¡Ë¹‹ÇÂ§Ò¹Ë¹Öè§¢Í§¡ÃÐ·ÃÇ§ÊÒ¸ÒÃ³ÊØ¢ »ÃÐà·ÈÊËÃÑ°ÍàÁÃÔ¡Ò·ÕèÈÖ¡ÉÒàÃ×èÍ§¡ÒÃ»ÃÐàÁÔ¹¤ÇÒÁàÊÕèÂ§¢Í§ÊÒÃäÁ‹¡‹ÍÁÐàÃç§à·‹Ò¹Ñé¹ ÊíÒËÃÑº¢Ñé¹μÍ¹ dose-response assessment ¹Ñé¹ ATSDR ÃÒÂ§Ò¹¤‹Ò¤ÇÒÁ»ÅÍ´ÀÑÂ ŒÇÂ¤‹Ò Minimal Risk Level (MRL) «Öè§ËÅÑ¡¡ÒÃ¤íÒ¹Ç³àª‹¹à´ÕÂÇ¡Ñº¤‹Ò reference dose ¢Í§ U.S.EPA ¢ŒÍáμ¡μ‹Ò§ÃÐËÇ‹Ò§°Ò¹¢ŒÍÁÙÅ¢Í§ ATSDR áÅÐ¢Í§ U.S. EPA ¤×Í ATSDR ¨Ñ´·íÒ MRL ¢Í§ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕà»š¹ 3 ÃÐ Ñº ¤×Í ÃÐ Ñºà©ÕÂº¾ÅÑ¹ (acute), ÃÐ Ñº»Ò¹¡ÅÒ§ (intermediate) áÅÐ ÃÐ ÑºàÃ×éÍÃÑ§ (chronic)


â´Â¤‹Ò chronic MRL ¹Ñé¹à·ÕÂºà·‹Ò¡Ñº RfD ¢Í§ U.S. EPA ã¹¡Ã³Õ·ÕèÁÕ¢ŒÍÁÙÅ¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒŒÒ¹¾ÔÉÇÔ·ÂÒ¢Í§ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕ·ÕèÁÕÃÐÂÐàÇÅÒ¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒ¹ŒÍÂ¡Ç‹Ò chronic ¹Ñé¹ ATSDR ä´Œ¨Ñ´·íÒ

¤‹Ò MRL ÊíÒËÃÑº acute ËÃ×Í intermediate ¢Öé¹ÍÂÙ‹¡ÑºÃÐÂÐàÇÅÒ¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒ â´Â·ÑèÇä»¶ŒÒ¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒÃÐÂÐÊÑé¹¹ŒÍÂ¡Ç‹Ò 2 à ×Í¹ ¨Ðä´Œ¤‹Ò acute MRL ¶ŒÒÃÐÂÐàÇÅÒ¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒ 2 à ×Í¹ - 1 »‚ ¨Ðä Œ¤‹Ò intermediate MRL ·íÒãËŒ¡ÒÃ¹íÒ¤‹Ò MRL ä»ãªŒä Œ¡ÇŒÒ§¢ÇÒ§¡Ç‹Ò¤‹Ò RfD ¢Í§ U.S. EPA «Öè§ãªŒà©¾ÒÐ¼Å·Õèà¡Ô´¨Ò¡¡ÒÃä ŒÃÑºÊÒÃà»š¹àÇÅÒ¹Ò¹ (chronic effects) à·‹Ò¹Ñé¹

2.2 ¢Ñé¹μÍ¹¢Í§¡ÒÃ»ÃÐàÁÔ¹¤ÇÒÁàÊÕèÂ§ ¡ÒÃ»ÃÐàÁÔ¹¤ÇÒÁàÊÕèÂ§ (risk assessment) ËÁÒÂ¶Ö§¡ÃÐºÇ¹¡ÒÃ»ÃÐàÁÔ¹âÍ¡ÒÊ·Õè¨Ðà¡Ô´¼ÅàÊÕÂμ‹ÍÊØ¢ÀÒ¾Í¹ÒÁÑÂ¢Í§Á¹ØÉÂ�¨Ò¡¡ÒÃä ŒÃÑºÊÒÃà¤ÁÕ ¼Å¢Í§¡ÒÃ»ÃÐàÁÔ¹¤ÇÒÁàÊÕèÂ§¹Õéà»š¹¢ŒÍÁÙÅÊíÒ¤ÑÞ·Õè¼ÙŒºÃÔËÒÃ¤ÇÒÁàÊÕèÂ§ (risk manager) ãªŒ»ÃÐ¡Íº¡ÒÃμÑ ÊÔ¹ã¨¡‹Í¹´íÒà¹Ô¹¡ÒÃμ‹Ò§ æ à¾×èÍÅ´¡ÒÃ»¹à»„œÍ¹¢Í§ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕã¹ÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ (¹éíÒ ÍÒ¡ÒÈ ´Ô¹ áÅÐÍÒËÒÃ) ãËŒÍÂÙ‹ã¹ÃÐ´Ñº·Õè»ÅÍ´ÀÑÂ ¡ÒÃÃÇºÃÇÁáÅÐÇÔà¤ÃÒÐË �¢ŒÍÁÙÅ·Ò§ÇÔ·ÂÒÈÒÊμÃ� μÅÍ´¨¹¡ÒÃÊÃØ»¼Å¡ÒÃ»ÃÐàÁÔ¹¤ÇÒÁàÊÕèÂ§¡ÃÐ·íÒâ´Â¼ÙŒÇÔà¤ÃÒÐË�¤ÇÒÁàÊÕèÂ§ (risk assessor) ¡ÒÃ»ÃÐàÁÔ¹¤ÇÒÁàÊÕèÂ§»ÃÐ¡Íº ŒÇÂ 4 ¢Ñé¹μÍ¹ ¤×Í (1) Hazard Identifi cation à»š¹¡ÒÃÃÇºÃÇÁáÅÐÇÔà¤ÃÒÐË �¢ŒÍÁÙÅ à¾×èÍÊÃØ»Ç‹Ò¡ÒÃä ŒÃÑºÊÒÃà¤ÁÕ·Õè¡íÒÅÑ§Ê¹ã¨ÍÂÙ‹¹Ñé¹ÁÕ¼ÅàÊÕÂμ‹ÍÊØ¢ÀÒ¾Í¹ÒÁÑÂËÃ×ÍäÁ‹ à¹×èÍ§¨Ò¡ÁÕÊÒÃà¤ÁÕà¾ÕÂ§äÁ‹¡ÕèÊÒÃà·‹Ò¹Ñé¹·ÕèÁÕ¢ŒÍÁÙÅ¤ÇÒÁà»š¹¾ÔÉã¹Á¹ØÉÂ�ÍÂ‹Ò§á¹‹ªÑ Ñ§¹Ñé¹ hazard identifi cation ¢Í§ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕ¨Ö§ÃÇÁ¶Ö§¼Å¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒã¹ÊÑμÇ�·´ÅÍ§´ŒÇÂ ¡ÒÃ»ÃÐàÁÔ¹¤ÇÒÁàÊÕèÂ§¨ÐËÂØ à¾ÕÂ§á¤‹¢Ñé¹μÍ¹ hazard identifi cation à·‹Ò¹Ñé¹ ¶ŒÒäÁ‹¾ºÇ‹Ò¡ÒÃä ŒÃÑºÊÒÃà¤ÁÕ·Õè¡íÒÅÑ§ÈÖ¡ÉÒÍÂÙ‹¹Õé·íÒãËŒà¡Ô ¼ÅàÊÕÂμ‹ÍÊØ¢ÀÒ¾Í¹ÒÁÑÂ¢Í§Á¹ØÉÂ� (2) Dose-Response Evaluation à»š¹¡ÒÃáÊ´§¤ÇÒÁÊÑÁ¾Ñ¹ �ÃÐËÇ‹Ò§»ÃÔÁÒ³¢Í§ÊÒÃ·Õèä ŒÃÑºáÅÐ¤ÇÒÁÃØ¹áÃ§¢Í§¤ÇÒÁà»š¹¾ÔÉ·Ñé§àªÔ§¤Ø³ÀÒ¾ (qualitative) áÅÐàªÔ§»ÃÔÁÒ³ (quantitative) ¢ŒÍÁÙÅÊ‹Ç¹ãËÞ‹ä Œ¨Ò¡¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒã¹ÊÑμÇ�·´ÅÍ§ áÅÐÍÒ¨ÁÕºÒ§Ê‹Ç¹·Õèä Œ¨Ò¡¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒã¹Á¹ØÉÂ � ¡ÒÃ¤íÒ¹Ç³¤ÇÒÁàÊÕèÂ§¨Ò¡¡ÒÃä ŒÃÑºÊÒÃà¤ÁÕ¨Ð·íÒä´Œ¹Ñé¹ μŒÍ§·ÃÒº¤ÇÒÁÊÑÁ¾Ñ¹¸ �àªÔ§»ÃÔÁÒ³ÃÐËÇ‹Ò§¤ÇÒÁà»š¹¾ÔÉáÅÐ»ÃÔÁÒ³ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕ·Õèä ŒÃÑº (dose-response relationship) ´ŒÇÂ ã¹¢Ñé¹μÍ¹¹Õéáº‹§ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕà»š¹ 2 ¡ÅØ‹Á ¤×Í (2.1) ÊÒÃäÁ‹¡‹ÍÁÐàÃç§ (non-carcinogen) ÃÇÁ¶Ö§ÊÒÃ¡‹ÍÁÐàÃç§·ÕèäÁ‹ÁÕ¼Åμ‹ÍÂÕ¹ (non-genetic carcinogen) áÅÐ¤ÇÒÁà»š¹¾ÔÉÍÂ‹Ò§Í×è¹·ÕèäÁ‹ãª‹¡ÒÃà¡Ô´ÁÐàÃç§ (non-carcinogenic effects) ¨Ò¡ÊÒÃ¡‹ÍÁÐàÃç§ á¹Ç¤ÇÒÁ¤Ô´à¡ÕèÂÇ¡ÑºÊÒÃäÁ‹¡‹ÍÁÐàÃç§¤×Í ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕ¡ÅØ‹Á¹ÕéáÊ´§ threshold «Öè§ËÁÒÂ¶Ö§»ÃÔÁÒ³ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕ·ÕèÁÒ¡·ÕèÊØ àÁ×èÍä´ŒÃÑºà¢ŒÒä»·Ø¡ÇÑ¹áÅŒÇ¨ÐäÁ‹·íÒãËŒà¡Ô´¤ÇÒÁ¼Ô´»¡μÔã´ æ


(2.2) ÊÒÃ¡‹ÍÁÐàÃç§·ÕèÁÕ¼Åμ‹ÍÂÕ¹ (genetic carcinogen) ÊíÒËÃÑºÊÒÃ¡‹ÍÁÐàÃç§¨ÐãªŒá¹Ç¤ÇÒÁ¤Ô ·ÕèÇ‹ÒÊÒÃ¡ÅØ‹Á¹ÕéäÁ‹ÁÕ¢Õ àÃÔèÁà»ÅÕèÂ¹ (threshold) «Öè§ËÁÒÂ¤ÇÒÁÇ‹Ò äÁ‹Ç‹Ò¨Ðä ŒÃÑºÊÒÃ¡‹ÍÁÐàÃç§»ÃÔÁÒ³ÁÒ¡¹ŒÍÂà¾ÕÂ§ã´¡çμÒÁ áÁŒà¾ÕÂ§ 1 âÁàÅ¡ØÅ¡çÁÕâÍ¡ÒÊ (probability) ·Õè¨Ðà¡Ô´ÁÐàÃç§ä Œ (3) Exposure Assessment à»š¹¡ÒÃ»ÃÐàÁÔ¹»ÃÔÁÒ³ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕ·ÕèÁ¹ØÉÂ �Ë¹Öè§¤¹ËÃ×Í»ÃÐªÒ¡ÃË¹Öè§¡ÅØ‹Áä ŒÃÑº¨Ò¡ÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ ¢Ñé¹μÍ¹¹Õé¹ÑºÇ‹ÒÁÕ¤ÇÒÁÊíÒ¤ÑÞÍÂ‹Ò§ÁÒ¡¢Í§¡ÒÃ»ÃÐàÁÔ¹¤ÇÒÁàÊÕèÂ§ ·Ñé§¹Õéà¾ÃÒÐ¤ÇÒÁà»š¹¾ÔÉ¢Í§ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕ ÐäÁ‹à¡Ô ¢Öé¹¶ŒÒäÁ‹ä ŒÃÑºÊÒÃ¹Ñé¹ áÅÐ¤ÇÒÁÃØ¹áÃ§¢Í§¤ÇÒÁà»š¹¾ÔÉ¢Öé¹¡Ñº»ÃÔÁÒ³¢Í§ÊÒÃ·Õèä ŒÃÑº Ñ§¹Ñé¹¶ŒÒ¡ÒÃ»ÃÐàÁÔ¹»ÃÔÁÒ³ÊÒÃ·Õèä ŒÃÑº¼Ô ¾ÅÒ´¨Ò¡¤ÇÒÁà»š¹¨ÃÔ§ ¡ÒÃ¤íÒ¹Ç³¤ÇÒÁàÊÕèÂ§¡ç ÐÁÕ¤ÇÒÁ¤ÅÒ´à¤Å×èÍ¹ (uncertainty) ÊÙ§ (4) Risk Characterization à»š¹¡ÒÃÃÇºÃÇÁàÍÒ¢ŒÍÁÙÅáÅÐ¼Å¡ÒÃÇÔà¤ÃÒÐË �¢Í§ÊÒÁ¢Ñé¹μÍ¹·Õèä Œ¡Å‹ÒÇÁÒáÅŒÇ¢ŒÒ§μŒ¹ÁÒ¤íÒ¹Ç³¤ÇÒÁàÊÕèÂ§ËÃ×ÍâÍ¡ÒÊ·Õè Ðà¡Ô ¼ÅàÊÕÂã¹Á¹ØÉÂ �¨Ò¡¡ÒÃä´ŒÃÑºÊÒÃà¤ÁÕ

Risk AssessmentData

Collection & Evaluation

ExposureAssessment

ToxicityAssessment

RiskCharacterization

2.3 Dose-response Assessment ÊíÒËÃÑºÊÒÃäÁ‹¡‹ÍÁÐàÃç§ ã¹¢Ñé¹μÍ¹ dose-response assessment ÊíÒËÃÑºÊÒÃäÁ‹¡‹ÍÁÐàÃç§¹Õé íÒà»š¹μŒÍ§ãªŒ¤‹Òμ‹Ò§ æ ·Ò§¾ÔÉÇÔ·ÂÒ ä Œá¡‹ NOEL (no-observed-effect level) ËÁÒÂ¶Ö§ »ÃÔÁÒ³¢Í§ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕ·ÕèÁÒ¡·ÕèÊØ´ «Öè§ä ŒÃÑº·Ø¡ÇÑ¹áÅŒÇäÁ‹·íÒãËŒà¡Ô´¡ÒÃà»ÅÕèÂ¹á»Å§ã´ æ μ‹ÍÃ‹Ò§¡ÒÂ


NOAEL (no-observed-adverse-effect level) ËÁÒÂ¶Ö§ »ÃÔÁÒ³¢Í§ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕ·ÕèÁÒ¡·ÕèÊØ «Öè§ä ŒÃÑº·Ø¡ÇÑ¹áÅŒÇäÁ‹·íÒãËŒà¡Ô ¤ÇÒÁà»š¹¾ÔÉËÃ×Í¼ÅàÊÕÂ (adverse effects) ã´ æ μ‹ÍÃ‹Ò§¡ÒÂ ¤ÇÒÁáμ¡μ‹Ò§ÃÐËÇ‹Ò§ NOEL áÅÐ NOAEL ÍÂÙ‹·Õè endpoint ·Õè·íÒ¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒ àª‹¹ ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕÊÒÃË¹Öè§ÁÕ¤Ø³ÊÁºÑμÔã¹¡ÒÃÃÑ¡ÉÒâÃ¤¤ÇÒÁ Ñ¹àÅ×Í´ÊÙ§â´Â¡ÒÃ¢ÂÒÂËÅÍ´àÅ×Í´ Ñ§¹Ñé¹¤Ø³ÊÁºÑμÔ¹ÕéäÁ‹¹ÑºÇ‹Òà»š¹¤ÇÒÁà»š¹¾ÔÉ¢Í§ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕÊÒÃ¹Õé áμ‹àÁ×èÍãËŒÊÒÃ¹Õéã¹»ÃÔÁÒ³

·ÕèÊÙ§¢Öé¹¨Ö§·íÒãËŒà¡Ô´¼Å¢ŒÒ§à¤ÕÂ§ (adverse effect) ËÃ×Í¤ÇÒÁà»š¹¾ÔÉ¢Öé¹ àª‹¹ ¼Åμ‹ÍμÑº «Öè§áÊ´§ãËŒàËç¹ä Œ¨Ò¡ÃÐ´ÑºàÍ¹ä«Á � ALT (alanine transaminase) ËÃ×Í SGPT (serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase) ã¹àÅ×Í´·ÕèÊÙ§¢Öé¹ Ñ§¹Ñé¹ »ÃÔÁÒ³·ÕèÁÒ¡·ÕèÊØ ·ÕèäÁ‹·íÒãËŒËÅÍ´àÅ×Í´¢ÂÒÂμÑÇ¤×Í NOEL áÅÐ»ÃÔÁÒ³·ÕèÁÒ¡·ÕèÊØ´·ÕèäÁ‹·íÒãËŒ ALT ã¹àÅ×Í´ÊÙ§¢Öé¹ ¤×Í NOAEL ã¹·Ò§» ÔºÑμÔà»š¹¡ÒÃÂÒ¡·Õè Ð·íÒ¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒ endpoint ä Œ·Ø¡ª¹Ô à¾×èÍãËŒä Œ NOEL Ê‹Ç¹ãËÞ‹¨ÐÈÖ¡ÉÒà©¾ÒÐ endpoint ÊíÒ¤ÑÞ æ àª‹¹ ¹éíÒË¹Ñ¡μÑÇÅ´Å§ ¼Åμ‹ÍμÑº«Öè§ÍÒ¨ÈÖ¡ÉÒ¶Ö§¡ÒÃà»ÅÕèÂ¹á»Å§¢Í§ liver enzymes μ‹Ò§ æ ã¹àÅ×Í´ áÅÐ¡ÒÃ¡‹ÍãËŒà¡Ô´ÁÐàÃç§ à»š¹μŒ¹ endpoint àËÅ‹Ò¹ÕéáÊ´§¶Ö§¤ÇÒÁà»š¹¾ÔÉ¢Í§ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕ Ñ§¹Ñé¹ ¤‹Ò·Õèä Œ¡ç¤×Í NOAEL ¹Ñè¹àÍ§ ã¹·Ò§¾ÔÉÇÔ·ÂÒ NOAEL ¨Ö§à»š¹¤‹Ò·ÕèÁÕ¡ÒÃ¹íÒä»ãªŒ»ÃÐâÂª¹�ä ŒÁÒ¡¡Ç‹Ò NOEL LOEL (lowest-observed-effect level) ËÁÒÂ¶Ö§ »ÃÔÁÒ³¢Í§ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕ·Õè¹ŒÍÂ·ÕèÊØ «Öè§ä ŒÃÑº·Ø¡ÇÑ¹áÅŒÇ·íÒãËŒà¡Ô´¡ÒÃà»ÅÕèÂ¹á»Å§¢Í§Ã‹Ò§¡ÒÂÍÂ‹Ò§ã´ÍÂ‹Ò§Ë¹Öè§¢Öé¹ LOAEL (lowest-observed-adverse-effect level) ËÁÒÂ¶Ö§ »ÃÔÁÒ³¢Í§ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕ·Õè¹ŒÍÂ·ÕèÊØ «Öè§ä ŒÃÑº·Ø¡ÇÑ¹áÅŒÇ·íÒãËŒà¡Ô ¤ÇÒÁà»š¹¾ÔÉËÃ×Í¼ÅàÊÕÂμ‹ÍÃ‹Ò§¡ÒÂ (adverse effect) ÍÂ‹Ò§ã´ÍÂ‹Ò§Ë¹Öè§¢Öé¹«Öè§ÁÑ¡à»š¹¤ÇÒÁ¼Ô »¡μÔ·Õè¡ÅÑº¤×¹ä Œ (reversible change) àª‹¹ fatty liver áÅÐ¹éíÒË¹Ñ¡μÑÇÅ´Å§ ¤ÇÒÁáμ¡μ‹Ò§ÃÐËÇ‹Ò§ LOEL áÅÐ LOAEL ÊÒÁÒÃ¶Í¸ÔºÒÂä Œàª‹¹à´ÕÂÇ¡Ñº¤ÇÒÁáμ¡μ‹Ò§ÃÐËÇ‹Ò§ NOEL áÅÐ NOAEL ¡ÒÃ·´ÅÍ§ËÒ¤‹Ò NOEL, NOAEL, LOEL áÅÐ LOAEL ·íÒä´Œâ´ÂÈÖ¡ÉÒ¤ÇÒÁ¼Ô´»¡μÔËÃ×Í¡ÒÃà»ÅÕèÂ¹á»Å§¨Ò¡¡ÒÃä ŒÃÑºÊÒÃà¤ÁÕã¹ÊÑμÇ�·´ÅÍ§áμ‹ÅÐμÑÇã¹áμ‹ÅÐ dose ãËŒÁÒ¡·ÕèÊØ´à·‹Ò·Õè¨Ð·íÒä´Œ μÑÇÍÂ‹Ò§¡ÒÃ·´ÅÍ§áÊ´§ã¹μÒÃÒ§·Õè 2.1


μÒÃÒ§·Õè 2.1 ¡ÒÃ·´ÅÍ§ã¹Ë¹Ù«Öè§ä ŒÃÑºÊÒÃà¤ÁÕ·Õè¼ÊÁã¹ÍÒËÒÃà»š¹àÇÅÒ 2 »‚

dose* ¡ÒÃà»ÅÕèÂ¹á»Å§·Ò§¾ÂÒ ÔÇÔ·ÂÒáÅÐªÕÇà¤ÁÕ ¤‹Ò·Õèä´Œ

0.1

0.5

1.0

2.0

5.0

¹éíÒË¹Ñ¡μÑÇà¾ÔèÁ¢Öé¹μÒÁ»¡μÔμÃÇ¨äÁ‹¾º¡ÒÃà»ÅÕèÂ¹á»Å§¢Í§ÍÇÑÂÇÐã´ æ

¹éíÒË¹Ñ¡μÑÇÅ´Å§ 4%¹éíÒË¹Ñ¡μÑº/¹éíÒË¹Ñ¡μÑÇ à¾ÔèÁ¢Öé¹ 6%μÃÇ¨¾º fat droplet ã¹ hepatocyte à¾ÔèÁ¢Öé¹àÅç¡¹ŒÍÂμÃÇ¨äÁ‹¾º¤ÇÒÁ¼Ô´»¡μÔã¹ÍÇÑÂÇÐÍ×è¹ æ

¹éíÒË¹Ñ¡μÑÇÅ´Å§ 7%¹éíÒË¹Ñ¡μÑº/¹éíÒË¹Ñ¡μÑÇ à¾ÔèÁ¢Öé¹ 8%μÃÇ¨¾º fat droplet ã¹ hepatocyte à¾ÔèÁ¢Öé¹àÅç¡¹ŒÍÂμÃÇ¨äÁ‹¾º¤ÇÒÁ¼Ô´»¡μÔã¹ÍÇÑÂÇÐÍ×è¹ æ

¹éíÒË¹Ñ¡μÑÇÅ´Å§ 12%**¹éíÒË¹Ñ¡μÑº/¹éíÒË¹Ñ¡μÑÇ à¾ÔèÁ¢Öé¹ 18%**μÃÇ¨¾º fat droplet ¨íÒ¹Ç¹ÁÒ¡ã¹ hepatocyte

¹éíÒË¹Ñ¡μÑÇÅ´Å§ 16%**¹éíÒË¹Ñ¡μÑº/¹éíÒË¹Ñ¡μÑÇ à¾ÔèÁ¢Öé¹ 25%**μÃÇ¨¾º fat droplet ¨íÒ¹Ç¹ÁÒ¡ã¹ hepatocyte

NOEL

NOAEL

LOAEL

* ¨íÒ¹Ç¹Ë¹Ù·ÕèãªŒ 250 μÑÇ/¡ÅØ‹Á áÅÐ dose ·ÕèãªŒà»š¹ ÁÔÅÅÔ¡ÃÑÁ/¡ÔâÅ¡ÃÑÁ¹éíÒË¹Ñ¡μÑÇ/ÇÑ¹** áμ¡μ‹Ò§¨Ò¡¡ÅØ‹Á¤Çº¤ØÁ (control group) ÍÂ‹Ò§ÁÕ¹ÑÂÊíÒ¤ÑÞ

¢ŒÍÊÑ§à¡μ ¤‹Ò·Ñé§ÊÕè Ñ§¡Å‹ÒÇà»š¹¤‹Ò¨ÃÔ§·Õèä Œ¨Ò¡¡ÒÃ·´ÅÍ§à·‹Ò¹Ñé¹ äÁ‹ãª‹ä Œ¨Ò¡¡ÒÃ¤íÒ¹Ç³·Ò§Ê¶ÔμÔ àª‹¹ ¤‹Ò LD50 ËÃ×Í LC50

à¹×èÍ§¨Ò¡¡ÒÃãªŒ¤‹Ò NOAEL à»š¹¡ÒÃãªŒ¤‹Ò·Õèä Œ Ò¡¡ÒÃ·´ÅÍ§à¾ÕÂ§¤‹Òà ÕÂÇ äÁ‹ä ŒãªŒ dose-response relationship ¢Í§ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕ ¡ÒÃàÅ×Í¡ dose ã¹¡ÒÃ·´ÅÍ§ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁÊíÒ¤ÑÞÍÂ‹Ò§ÂÔè§μ‹Í¤‹Ò NOAEL ¡ÒÃ·´ÅÍ§·ÕèÁÕ¡ÒÃãªŒ¨íÒ¹Ç¹ dose ·Õèμ‹Ò§¡Ñ¹ÁÒ¡ÍÒ¨ÁÕ¼Å·íÒãËŒ¤‹Ò NOAEL ÁÕ¤‹ÒÁÒ¡ËÃ×Í¹ŒÍÂ¡Ç‹Ò¤ÇÒÁà»š¹¨ÃÔ§ä Œ àª‹¹ ¡ÒÃ·´ÅÍ§ã¹Ë¹Ù ÁÕ¡ÒÃàÅ×Í¡ dose


ÃÇÁ 5 dose Ñ§áÊ´§ã¹μÒÃÒ§·Õè 2.1 NOAEL ·Õèä ŒÁÕ¤‹Òà·‹Ò¡Ñº 1.0 ÁÔÅÅÔ¡ÃÑÁ/¡ÔâÅ¡ÃÑÁ¹éíÒË¹Ñ¡μÑÇ/ÇÑ¹ áμ‹¶ŒÒàÅ×Í¡à¾ÕÂ§ 4 dose ¤×Í 0.1, 0.5, 2.0 áÅÐ 5.0 ÁÔÅÅÔ¡ÃÑÁ/¡ÔâÅ¡ÃÑÁ¹éíÒË¹Ñ¡μÑÇ/ÇÑ¹ Ñ§¹Ñé¹ ¤‹Ò NOAEL ·Õèä Œ¨Ò¡¡ÒÃ·´ÅÍ§ ¤×Í 0.5 ÁÔÅÅÔ¡ÃÑÁ/¡ÔâÅ¡ÃÑÁ¹éíÒË¹Ñ¡μÑÇ/ÇÑ¹ «Öè§ÁÕ¤‹Ò¹ŒÍÂ¡Ç‹Ò·Õèä Œ¨Ò¡¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒâ´ÂãªŒ 5 dose Ñ§¹Ñé¹ à¾×èÍá¡Œä¢»ÞËÒÑ§¡Å‹ÒÇ áÅÐÁÕ¡ÒÃãªŒ¢ŒÍÁÙÅ¨ÃÔ§·Ø¡¢ŒÍÁÙÅ·Õèä Œ¨Ò¡¡ÒÃ·´ÅÍ§¨Ö§ÁÕ¡ÒÃà»ÅÕèÂ¹ÁÒãªŒ¤‹Ò

bench mark dose (BMD) á·¹¤‹Ò NOAEL ¡ÒÃ¤íÒ¹Ç³¤‹Ò benchmark dose ¹Ñé¹μŒÍ§¤íÒ¹Ç³¨Ò¡ model ·ÕèàËÁÒÐÊÁ¡Ñº data ·Õèä Œ¨Ò¡¡ÒÃ·´ÅÍ§ÁÒ¡·ÕèÊØ´à¾ÕÂ§ model à ÕÂÇ benchmark dose à»š¹»ÃÔÁÒ³ÊÒÃ·Õè·íÒãËŒà¡Ô response ã¹ ÊÑμÇ�·´ÅÍ§ 5% ËÃ×Í 10% μÒÁ·Õè¡íÒË¹´äÇŒ â´ÂãªŒ¤‹Ò lower limit (BMDL) ¢Í§ benchmark dose ã¹¡ÒÃ¤íÒ¹Ç³¤‹Ò RfD Reference dose (RfD) ËÁÒÂ¶Ö§ »ÃÔÁÒ³ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕ·ÕèÁ¹ØÉÂ �ÊÒÁÒÃ¶ÃÑºà¢ŒÒÊÙ‹Ã‹Ò§¡ÒÂä Œ·Ø¡ÇÑ¹ â´ÂäÁ‹·íÒãËŒà¡Ô ¤ÇÒÁ¼Ô »¡μÔã´ æ μ‹ÍÊØ¢ÀÒ¾Í¹ÒÁÑÂ RfD à»š¹¤íÒ·Õèà·ÕÂºà·‹Ò¡Ñº¤íÒÇ‹Ò ADI (acceptable daily intake) «Öè§áμ‹à ÔÁãªŒà©¾ÒÐ¡Ñº food additives ·ÕèÁÕ¡ÒÃàμÔÁÅ§ã¹ÍÒËÒÃâ´Â¤ÇÒÁ¨§ã¨ μ‹ÍÁÒÁÕ¡ÒÃ¹íÒàÍÒËÅÑ¡¡ÒÃ¢Í§ ADI ÁÒãªŒ¡ÑºÊÒÃà¤ÁÕ·Õè»¹à»„œÍ¹ã¹ÍÒËÒÃ ¹éíÒ´×èÁ ÍÒ¡ÒÈ áÅÐ´Ô¹ ¤íÒ¹Ç³ RfD ä Œ¨Ò¡ÊÁ¡ÒÃ (2.1)

RfD = NOAEL ËÃ×Í BMDL5/10/(UF MF) ......................................(2.1)

UF (uncertainty factor) à»š¹¤‹Ò·Õè¹íÒÁÒãªŒà¾×èÍá¡Œä¢¤ÇÒÁäÁ‹á¹‹¹Í¹ (uncertainty) ·Õèà¡Ô´¢Öé¹¨Ò¡¡ÒÃ¹íÒàÍÒ NOAEL ã¹ÊÑμÇ�·´ÅÍ§ÁÒ¤íÒ¹Ç³ËÒ RfD ÊíÒËÃÑºÁ¹ØÉÂ � UF »ÃÐ¡Íº ŒÇÂ factor Â‹ÍÂ ä Œá¡‹

- factor 10H à»š¹ factor ·ÕèãªŒÊíÒËÃÑºá¡Œä¢ uncertainty ·Õèà¡Ô´¢Öé¹ã¹»ÃÐªÒ¡Ãà¹×èÍ§¨Ò¡Á¹ØÉÂ �áμ‹ÅÐ¤¹ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁäÇ (sensitivity) μ‹ÍÊÒÃà¤ÁÕäÁ‹à·‹Ò¡Ñ¹ factor ¹ÕéãªŒà¾×èÍ»¡»‡Í§Á¹ØÉÂ �·ÕèÁÕ¤ÇÒÁäÇμ‹ÍÊÒÃà¤ÁÕÁÒ¡·ÕèÊØ´ áÅÐà»š¹ factor ¾×é¹°Ò¹·ÕèμŒÍ§ãªŒã¹¡ÒÃ¤íÒ¹Ç³¤‹Ò RfD ·Ø¡¤ÃÑé§

- factor 10A àÁ×èÍäÁ‹ÁÕ¢ŒÍÁÙÅã¹Á¹ØÉÂ �ËÃ×ÍÁÕ¢ŒÍÁÙÅäÁ‹à¾ÕÂ§¾Í ¨Ö§¨íÒà»š¹μŒÍ§ãªŒ¤‹Ò NOAEL ·Õèä Œ Ò¡¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒ¤ÇÒÁà»š¹¾ÔÉàÃ×éÍÃÑ§ (chronic study) ã¹ÊÑμÇ�·´ÅÍ§¡ÒÃ¹íÒàÍÒ¤‹Ò extrapolate ·Õèä Œ¨Ò¡ÊÑμÇ�·´ÅÍ§ÁÒãªŒã¹Á¹ØÉÂ� μŒÍ§ÁÕ¡ÒÃá¡Œä¢â´ÂãËŒ¾Ô¨ÒÃ³ÒÇ‹ÒÁ¹ØÉÂ�ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁäÇμ‹ÍÊÒÃà¤ÁÕÁÒ¡¡Ç‹ÒÊÑμÇ�·´ÅÍ§ â´Â·ÑèÇä»¨Ð¾Ô¨ÒÃ³ÒãËŒÁ¹ØÉÂ �ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁäÇà»š¹ 10 à·‹Ò ËÃ×Í 1 log scale Ñ§¹Ñé¹ ¡ÒÃ¤íÒ¹Ç³¤‹Ò RfD Ö§ËÒÃ¤‹Ò NOAEL ŒÇÂ 10 ÊíÒËÃÑº factor ¹Õé


- factor 10S ¶ŒÒ¤‹Ò NOAEL ·Õèä Œ Ò¡¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒã¹ÊÑμÇ�·´ÅÍ§·ÕèÁÕÃÐÂÐàÇÅÒ¹ŒÍÂ¡Ç‹Ò¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒ¤ÇÒÁà»š¹¾ÔÉàÃ×éÍÃÑ§ àª‹¹ ¹ŒÍÂ¡Ç‹Ò 2 »‚ã¹Ë¹Ù rat ¤‹Ò NOAEL ·Õèä Œ¨Ò¡¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒ¹ŒÍÂ¡Ç‹Ò 2 »‚ ÐÁÕ¤‹ÒÁÒ¡¡Ç‹Ò¤‹Ò NOAEL ·Õè·íÒ¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒà»š¹àÇÅÒ 2 »‚ ¨Ö§μŒÍ§á¡Œä¢â´Â¡ÒÃËÒÃ ŒÇÂ factor 10

- factor 10L ã¹¡Ã³Õ·ÕèäÁ‹ÁÕáÁŒáμ‹¤‹Ò NOAEL áÅÐ íÒà»š¹μŒÍ§ãªŒ¤‹Ò LOAEL á·¹ à¹×èÍ§¨Ò¡ LOAEL ÁÕ¤‹ÒÁÒ¡¡Ç‹Ò NOAEL ´Ñ§¹Ñé¹¨Ö§μŒÍ§á¡Œä¢¤‹Ò LOAEL â´Â¡ÒÃËÒÃ ŒÇÂ factor 10

- factor 10D (defi ciency of information) ÊíÒËÃÑº¡Ã³Õ·ÕèäÁ‹ÁÕ¢ŒÍÁÙÅ¾ÔÉÇÔ·ÂÒμ‹ÍÃÐººÊ×º¾Ñ¹¸Ø�áÅÐ¡ÒÃ¾Ñ²¹Ò¢Í§μÑÇÍ‹Í¹ (reproductive and developmental toxicity)

- factor ·Ñé§ 5 ·Õè¡Å‹ÒÇÁÒ¹Õé áμ‹ÅÐ factor ÂÑ§»ÃÐ¡Íº ŒÇÂ “factor Â‹ÍÂÀÒÂã¹” ÍÕ¡ 2 factor ¤Ù³¡Ñ¹ÁÕ¤‹Òà·‹Ò¡Ñº 10 Ñ§¹Ñé¹áμ‹ÅÐ “factor Â‹ÍÂÀÒÂã¹” ÁÕ¤‹Òà·‹Ò¡Ñº (10)1/2 â´ÂÁÕ¤‹Ò»ÃÐÁÒ³à·‹Ò¡Ñº 3 áÅÐãËŒ¼Å¤Ù³¢Í§ 3 ÊÍ§μÑÇÁÕ¤‹Òà·‹Ò¡Ñº 10

MF (modifying factor) à»š¹ factor ·ÕèáÊ´§¶Ö§¤ÇÒÁÊÁºÙÃ³�áÅÐ¤ÇÒÁ¹‹Òàª×èÍ¶×Í¢Í§¢ŒÍÁÙÅ·Õè¹íÒÁÒãªŒ àª‹¹ ¨íÒ¹Ç¹ÊÑμÇ�·´ÅÍ§ã¹áμ‹ÅÐ¡ÅØ‹Á·ÕèãªŒã¹¡ÒÃËÒ NOAEL ÃÒÂÅÐàÍÕÂ´¢Í§¡ÒÃ·´ÅÍ§ÁÕÁÒ¡¹ŒÍÂá¤‹äË¹ àª‹¹ ¡ÒÃμÃÇ¨·Ò§¾ÂÒ¸ÔÇÔ·ÂÒ (pathology) ·íÒä´ŒÅÐàÍÕÂ´¶Ù¡μŒÍ§à¾ÕÂ§ã´ ¢ŒÍÁÙÅàËÅ‹Ò¹Õéà»š¹¡ÒÃáÊ´§¤ÇÒÁ¹‹Òàª×èÍ¶×Í¢Í§¼Å¡ÒÃ·´ÅÍ§ MF ÁÕ¤‹ÒÍÂÙ‹ÃÐËÇ‹Ò§ > 0 áÅÐ 10 default value ¢Í§ MF ÁÕ¤‹Òà·‹Ò¡Ñº 1

2.4 Dose-Response Assessment ÊíÒËÃÑºÊÒÃ¡‹ÍÁÐàÃç§ dose-response assessment ÊíÒËÃÑºÊÒÃ¡‹ÍÁÐàÃç§ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁÂØ‹§ÂÒ¡¡Ç‹ÒÊÒÃäÁ‹¡‹ÍÁÐàÃç§ ·Ñé§¹Õéà¾ÃÒÐ dose-response ¢Í§ÊÒÃ¡‹ÍÁÐàÃç§äÁ‹ÁÕ threshold áμ‹¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒ¡ÒÃà¡Ô´ÁÐàÃç§·íÒä Œà©¾ÒÐ·Õè dose ÊÙ§ æ ¡ÒÃà¡Ô ÁÐàÃç§·Õè dose μèíÒ æ ¹Ñé¹·íÒ¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒ¤‹Í¹¢ŒÒ§ÂÒ¡ÁÒ¡à¾ÃÒÐ¨íÒà»š¹μŒÍ§ãªŒÊÑμÇ�·´ÅÍ§¨íÒ¹Ç¹ÁËÒÈÒÅà¾×èÍãËŒàËç¹¼Å¡ÒÃ·´ÅÍ§ Ñ§¹Ñé¹¨Ö§μŒÍ§ÍÒÈÑÂáºº íÒÅÍ§ (model) ã¹¡ÒÃ extrapolate ¡ÒÃà¡Ô ÁÐàÃç§¨Ò¡ dose ÊÙ§ÁÒÂÑ§ dose μèíÒ æ ã¹»¨¨ØºÑ¹ÁÕ model μ‹Ò§ æ ãËŒàÅ×Í¡ãªŒ àª‹¹ • Weibull model • Logit model • One-hit model • Multi-hit model • Multistage model


ã¹·Õè¹Õé ÐÍ ÔºÒÂà©¾ÒÐ one-hit model áÅÐ multistage model «Öè§à»š¹ model ·Õè U.S. EPA ãªŒ¤íÒ¹Ç³¤ÇÒÁàÊÕèÂ§¨Ò¡¡ÒÃä ŒÃÑºÊÒÃ¡‹ÍÁÐàÃç§

2.4.1 One-hit model ÊÁÁØμÔ°Ò¹¢Í§ one-hit model ¤×Í àÁ×èÍÍ§¤�»ÃÐ¡ÍºÀÒÂã¹à«ÅÅ�»¡μÔÀÒÂã¹Ã‹Ò§¡ÒÂ¶Ù¡à»ÅÕèÂ¹á»Å§ ŒÇÂÊÒÃ¡‹ÍÁÐàÃç§à¾ÕÂ§¤ÃÑé§à ÕÂÇËÃ×ÍàÃÕÂ¡Ç‹Ò¶Ù¡ hit à¾ÕÂ§¤ÃÑé§à ÕÂÇ à«ÅÅ�¹Ñé¹¨ÐÁÕ¡ÒÃà»ÅÕèÂ¹á»Å§ä»¨¹à¡Ô´à»š¹ÁÐàÃç§«Öè§¨ÐãªŒàÇÅÒ¹Ò¹à·‹Òã´¡çä Œ âÍ¡ÒÊ¢Í§¡ÒÃà¡Ô´ÁÐàÃç§ÊÒÁÒÃ¶¤íÒ¹Ç³ä´Œâ´ÂãªŒÊÁ¡ÒÃ

P(d) = 1 – exp [ – (q0 + q1d)] ....................................................(2.2)

â´Â P(d) à»š¹âÍ¡ÒÊ¢Í§¡ÒÃà¡Ô´ÁÐàÃç§¨Ò¡¡ÒÃä ŒÃÑºÊÒÃ¡‹ÍÁÐàÃç§·Õè dose = d

q0 áÅÐ q1 à»š¹¤‹Ò¤§·Õè

¨Ò¡ mathematical expansion

exp[x] = 1 + x + x2

2! + ..... + x

n

n! ..........................................................(2.3)

ÊíÒËÃÑº X ·ÕèÁÕ¤‹Ò¹ŒÍÂ ÊÁ¡ÒÃ (2.3) ÊÒÁÒÃ¶à¢ÕÂ¹ä Œà»š¹

exp[x] 1 + x .......................................................................................(2.4)

¡ÒÃ»ÃÐÁÒ³¤‹Ò exp[X] ŒÇÂ 1 + X ¹Õé ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁ¶Ù¡μŒÍ§àÁ×èÍ X ÁÕ¤‹Ò¹ŒÍÂ æ à·‹Ò¹Ñé¹ Ñ§áÊ´§ã¹μÒÃÒ§·Õè 2.2

μÒÃÒ§·Õè 2.2 ¡ÒÃ»ÃÐÁÒ³¤‹Ò exp[x] ŒÇÂ 1 + x

x¤‹Ò¨ÃÔ§exp[x]

¤‹Ò»ÃÐÁÒ³1 + x

(1 + x) x 100exp[x]

10.10.010.0010.0001

2.718281.105171.010051.00100051.000100005

21.11.011.0011.0001

73.57 %99.53 %99.995 %99.99995 %99.9999995 %


¨Ò¡ÊÁ¡ÒÃ (2.2) áÅÐ (2.4) ¨Ðä´Œ

P(d) = 1 – [ 1 + { – (q0 + q1d)}] P(d) = q0 + q1d .............................................................................................................(2.5)

·Õè d = 0, ËÁÒÂ¶Ö§ âÍ¡ÒÊ¢Í§¡ÒÃà¡Ô´ÁÐàÃç§¢Öé¹àÍ§ (spontaneous)

P(0) = q0 .........................................................................................................................(2.6)

¨Ò¡ÊÁ¡ÒÃ (2.5) áÅÐ (2.6) ¨Ðä´Œ

P(d) = P(0) + q1d

¶ŒÒãËŒ additional risk, A(d) = P(d) - P(0)

A(d) = q1d ......................................................................................................................(2.7)

A(d) à»š¹âÍ¡ÒÊ¢Í§¡ÒÃà¡Ô´ÁÐàÃç§¨Ò¡¡ÒÃä ŒÃÑºÊÒÃ¡‹ÍÁÐàÃç§·Õè dose = d à¾ÕÂ§ÍÂ‹Ò§à´ÕÂÇ ÁÕ¤‹Òà·‹Ò¡ÑºâÍ¡ÒÊ¢Í§¡ÒÃà¡Ô´ÁÐàÃç§¨Ò¡¡ÒÃä ŒÃÑºÊÒÃ¡‹ÍÁÐàÃç§·Õè dose = d «Öè§ä Œ¨Ò¡¡ÒÃ·´ÅÍ§Åº´ŒÇÂâÍ¡ÒÊ¢Í§¡ÒÃà¡Ô´ÁÐàÃç§·Õèà¡Ô´¢Öé¹àÍ§ (dose = 0) ÊÁ¡ÒÃ (2.7) à»š¹ÊÁ¡ÒÃ·ÕèãªŒÊíÒËÃÑº¡ÒÃ¤íÒ¹Ç³ risk â´Â one-hit model

2.4.2 Multistage model ÊÁÁØμÔ°Ò¹¢Í§ model ¹Õé¤×Í à«ÅÅ �»¡μÔμŒÍ§ÁÕ¡ÒÃà»ÅÕèÂ¹ÁÒ¡¡Ç‹ÒË¹Öè§ÃÐÂÐ (stage) ¨Ö§¨Ðà¡Ô´à»š¹ÁÐàÃç§ä Œ ¡ÒÃ·Õèà«ÅÅ �à»ÅÕèÂ¹¨Ò¡ÃÐÂÐË¹Öè§ä»ÍÕ¡ÃÐÂÐË¹Öè§ä Œ¹Ñé¹ à«ÅÅ �μŒÍ§¶Ù¡ hit ÁÒ¡¡Ç‹ÒË¹Öè§¤ÃÑé§ à¹×èÍ§¨Ò¡ model ¹ÕéÍ¸ÔºÒÂ¡ÒÃà¡Ô´ÁÐàÃç§ä Œã¡ÅŒà¤ÕÂ§¡Ñº¡Åä¡¡ÒÃà¡Ô´ÁÐàÃç§ä Œ Õ¡Ç‹Ò one-hit model Ñ§¹Ñé¹ U.S. EPA Ö§ä Œà»ÅÕèÂ¹¡ÒÃ¤íÒ¹Ç³¤ÇÒÁàÊÕèÂ§¨Ò¡¡ÒÃä ŒÃÑºÊÒÃ¡‹ÍÁÐàÃç§¨Ò¡ one-hit model ÁÒà»š¹ multistage model áÅÐÂÑ§¤§ãªŒÁÒ¨¹¶Ö§»¨¨ØºÑ¹ âÍ¡ÒÊ¢Í§¡ÒÃà¡Ô´ÁÐàÃç§ÊÒÁÒÃ¶¤íÒ¹Ç³ä´Œâ´ÂãªŒÊÁ¡ÒÃ

P(d) = 1 – exp[ – (q0 + q1d + q2d2 + .....qnd

n)] ...................................................(2.8)

·Õè dose μèíÒÁÒ¡ æ ·íÒãËŒáμ‹ÅÐ¤‹Ò¢Í§ d2, ....., dn 0 Ñ§¹Ñé¹ ÊÁ¡ÒÃ (2.8) ÊÒÁÒÃ¶à¢ÕÂ¹ä Œà»š¹

P(d) 1 – exp[ – (q0 + q1d)] ....................................................................................(2.9)


àÃÒÊÒÁÒÃ¶¤íÒ¹Ç³ËÒ additional risk ä´Œàª‹¹à´ÕÂÇ¡Ñº one-hit model

A(d) = q1d

¶Ö§áÁŒÊÁ¡ÒÃàÃÔèÁμŒ¹¢Í§ multistage model à»š¹ polynomial equation áμ‹·Õè dose ¹ŒÍÂÁÒ¡ æ multistage model ãËŒÊÁ¡ÒÃàÊŒ¹μÃ§ Ñ§¹Ñé¹¨Ö§àÃÕÂ¡ model ¹ÕéÇ‹Ò linearized multistage model (LMS model) ÊÁ¡ÒÃÊíÒËÃÑº¡ÒÃ¤íÒ¹Ç³ additional risk ¢Í§ one-hit model áÅÐ linearized multistage model àËÁ×Í¹¡Ñ¹¤×Í A(d) = q1d ÊíÒËÃÑº¡ÒÃ·´ÅÍ§à´ÕÂÇ¡Ñ¹ ¤‹Ò q1 «Öè§¤íÒ¹Ç³â´Â model ·Ñé§ÊÍ§ÍÒ¨äÁ‹à·‹Ò¡Ñ¹à¾ÃÒÐ¡ÒÃ¤íÒ¹Ç³ËÒ¤‹Ò q1 ¹Ñé¹ ¤íÒ¹Ç³¨Ò¡ÊÁ¡ÒÃàÃÔèÁμŒ¹¢Í§áμ‹ÅÐ model ¤×Í ÊíÒËÃÑº one-hit model ¤íÒ¹Ç³â´ÂãªŒÊÁ¡ÒÃ (2.2) áÅÐÊíÒËÃÑº linearized multistage model ¤íÒ¹Ç³â´ÂãªŒÊÁ¡ÒÃ (2.8) ´Ñ§¹Ñé¹¨Ö§à¢ÕÂ¹ÊÁ¡ÒÃ¡ÒÃ¤íÒ¹Ç³ additional risk ¢Í§ linearized multistage model à»š¹

A(d) = q1* d ............................................................................................................... (2.10)

q1* Í‹Ò¹Ç‹Ò q-one-star

ÊÁ¡ÒÃ (2.10) ÊÒÁÒÃ¶à¢ÕÂ¹ãËÁ‹ä Œà»š¹

Risk = CPS CDI ..................................................................................................... (2.11)

¡ÃÒ¿·ÕèÊÃŒÒ§¢Öé¹ÃÐËÇ‹Ò§¤ÇÒÁàÊÕèÂ§ (risk) áÅÐ »ÃÔÁÒ³ÊÒÃ¡‹ÍÁÐàÃç§·Õèä ŒÃÑºã¹áμ‹ÅÐÇÑ¹ (CDI) à»š¹àÊŒ¹μÃ§ ÁÕ¤‹Ò¤ÇÒÁªÑ¹à·‹Ò¡Ñº CPS ËÃ×Í carcinogenic potency slope ÁÕË¹‹ÇÂà»š¹ (ÁÔÅÅÔ¡ÃÑÁ/¡ÔâÅ¡ÃÑÁ¹éíÒË¹Ñ¡μÑÇ/ÇÑ¹)-1 ´Ñ§áÊ´§ã¹ÃÙ»·Õè 2.1 CPS ãªŒáÊ´§¶Ö§ÈÑ¡ÂÀÒ¾¢Í§ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕ·Õè·íÒãËŒà¡Ô´ÁÐàÃç§ã¹Á¹ØÉÂ � ¶ŒÒÊÒÃã´ÁÕ¤‹Ò CPS ÁÒ¡ ËÁÒÂ¤ÇÒÁÇ‹ÒÊÒÃ¹Ñé¹ÁÕÈÑ¡ÂÀÒ¾·Õè¨Ð·íÒãËŒà¡Ô´ÁÐàÃç§ä ŒÊÙ§ ËÃ×Í·íÒãËŒà¡Ô´ÁÐàÃç§ä Œã¹»ÃÔÁÒ³μèíÒ æ carcinogenic potency slope ¹ÕéÍÒ¨àÃÕÂ¡Ç‹Ò cancer slope factor (CSF)

¤‹Ò RfDo, RfDi, CPSo áÅÐ CPSi ¢Í§ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕ»ÃÐÁÒ³ 550 ÊÒÃ ÊÒÁÒÃ¶Ê×º¤Œ¹¢ŒÍÁÙÅä´Œ¨Ò¡ internet ·Õè http://www.epa.gov/iris.


2.5 Exposure Assessment à»š¹¢Ñé¹μÍ¹¡ÒÃ»ÃÐàÁÔ¹¡ÒÃä ŒÃÑºÊÒÃà¤ÁÕ¨Ò¡·Ø¡ÇÔ¸Õ·Ò§ (route) ÇÔ¸ÕËÅÑ¡·ÕèÁ¹ØÉÂ �ä ŒÃÑºÊÒÃà¤ÁÕ¨Ò¡ÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁÁÕ 3 ·Ò§¤×Í ¡ÒÃä´ŒÃÑºÊÒÃà¤ÁÕ·Ò§»Ò¡ ¨Ò¡¡ÒÃËÒÂã¨ áÅÐ´Ù´«ÖÁ¼‹Ò¹¼ÔÇË¹Ñ§

Risk

Slope = CPS

CDI

(ÁÔÅÅÔ¡ÃÑÁ/¡ÔâÅ¡ÃÑÁ¹éÓË¹Ñ¡μÑÇ/ÇÑ¹)

ÃÙ»·Õè 2.1 ¡ÃÒ¿ÃÐËÇ‹Ò§¤ÇÒÁàÊÕèÂ§ (risk) áÅÐ »ÃÔÁÒ³ÊÒÃ¡‹ÍÁÐàÃç§·Õèä ŒÃÑºã¹áμ‹ÅÐÇÑ¹ (CDI)

¡ÒÃä ŒÃÑºÊÒÃà¤ÁÕ·Ò§»Ò¡à»š¹¡ÒÃä ŒÃÑºÊÒÃ·Õè»¹à»„œÍ¹ã¹ÍÒËÒÃáÅÐ¹éíÒ´×èÁ áÅÐÂÑ§ä ŒÃÑº¨Ò¡¡ÒÃºÃÔâÀ¤ Ô¹«Öè§àÃÒä ŒÃÑºâ´ÂäÁ‹μÑé§ã¨ àª‹¹ ¡ÒÃàªç´»Ò¡ ŒÇÂÁ×Í·Õèà»„œÍ¹´Ô¹ ¡ÒÃºÃÔâÀ¤¼Ñ¡¼ÅäÁŒ·Õèà»„œÍ¹´Ô¹ ã¹¡ÒÃ»ÃÐàÁÔ¹¢Ñé¹μÍ¹¹Õé íÒà»š¹μŒÍ§·ÃÒº¤ÇÒÁà¢ŒÁ¢Œ¹¢Í§ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕã¹ÍÒËÒÃ ¹éíÒ ×èÁ ÍÒ¡ÒÈ áÅÐ´Ô¹·Õèà¡ÕèÂÇ¢ŒÍ§¡Ñº»ÃÐªÒª¹áμ‹ÅÐ¡ÅØ‹Á ¨Ö§μŒÍ§ÁÕ¡ÒÃà¡çºμÑÇÍÂ‹Ò§ÊíÒËÃÑº¡ÒÃμÃÇ¨ÇÔà¤ÃÒÐË �ÍÂ‹Ò§μ‹Íà¹×èÍ§ à¾×èÍ·ÃÒº¤ÇÒÁà¢ŒÁ¢Œ¹·ÕèÍÒ¨à»ÅÕèÂ¹á»Å§μÒÁÃÐÂÐàÇÅÒ CDI (chronic daily intake ËÃ×Í lifetime average daily dose; LADD) ¤×Í¤‹Òà©ÅÕèÂ¢Í§»ÃÔÁÒ³ÊÒÃ·Õèä ŒÃÑºã¹áμ‹ÅÐÇÑ¹ ÁÕË¹‹ÇÂà»š¹ ÁÔÅÅÔ¡ÃÑÁ/¡ÔâÅ¡ÃÑÁ¹éíÒË¹Ñ¡μÑÇ/ÇÑ¹

CDI = total dose/(body weight ATn) ......................................................... (2.12)

total dose = concentration daily intake EFr EDtot % Abs ................ (2.13)

daily intake ËÁÒÂ¶Ö§ »ÃÔÁÒ³ÍÒ¡ÒÈ ¹éíÒ´×èÁ Ô¹ ËÃ×ÍÍÒËÒÃ·ÕèÁ¹ØÉÂ �»¡μÔºÃÔâÀ¤ã¹áμ‹ÅÐÇÑ¹ Ñ§áÊ´§ã¹μÒÃÒ§·Õè 2.3 % Abs ËÁÒÂ¶Ö§ ÃŒÍÂÅÐ¢Í§¡ÒÃ Ù «ÖÁÊÒÃà¤ÁÕà¢ŒÒÊÙ‹Ã‹Ò§¡ÒÂ â´Â·ÑèÇä»¶ŒÒäÁ‹ÁÕ¢ŒÍÁÙÅ¡ÒÃ Ù´«ÖÁ¢Í§ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕã´ ãËŒãªŒ 100% à»š¹ default value ã¹¡ÒÃ¤íÒ¹Ç³


2.6 Risk characterization ÊíÒËÃÑºÊÒÃäÁ‹¡‹ÍÁÐàÃç§ Risk characterization ¢Í§ÊÒÃäÁ‹¡‹ÍÁÐàÃç§ ·íÒä Œâ´Â¡ÒÃ¤íÒ¹Ç³ËÒ hazard quotient (HQ) HQ = CDI/RfD ........................................................................................ (2.14)

μÑÇÍÂ‹Ò§ ¨Ò¡¢ŒÍÁÙÅμÒÃÒ§·Õè 2.1

UF = 10H 10A = 100

à¹×èÍ§¨Ò¡ãªŒË¹Ùã¹áμ‹ÅÐ¡ÅØ‹ÁÁÒ¡ (250 μÑÇ/¡ÅØ‹Á) risk manager ãªŒ¤‹Ò MF = 0.8

RfD = 0.5/(100 0.8) RfD = 0.00625 ÁÔÅÅÔ¡ÃÑÁ/¡ÔâÅ¡ÃÑÁ¹éíÒË¹Ñ¡μÑÇ/ÇÑ¹

ÊÁÁØμÔÊÒÃà¤ÁÕ¹Õé»¹à»„œÍ¹ã¹¹éíÒ»ÃÐ»Ò áÅÐ»ÃÐªÒª¹ä ŒÃÑºã¹»ÃÔÁÒ³ 0.001 ÁÔÅÅÔ¡ÃÑÁ/¡ÔâÅ¡ÃÑÁ¹éíÒË¹Ñ¡μÑÇ/ÇÑ¹

HQ = 0.001/0.00625 HQ = 0.16

HQ ÁÕ¤‹Ò¹ŒÍÂ¡Ç‹Ò 1 ËÁÒÂ¤ÇÒÁÇ‹Ò ¡ÒÃ»¹à»„œÍ¹¢Í§ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕμÑÇ¹Õéã¹¹éíÒ»ÃÐ»ÒÂÑ§ÍÂÙ‹ã¹ÃÐ´Ñº·Õè»ÅÍ´ÀÑÂμ‹Í¡ÒÃºÃÔâÀ¤


μÒÃÒ§·Õè 2.3 ¤íÒÂ‹Í ¾ÒÃÒÁÔàμÍÃ � áÅÐ¤‹Ò¢Í§áμ‹ÅÐ¾ÒÃÒÁÔàμÍÃ �·ÕèãªŒÊíÒËÃÑº¡ÒÃ¤íÒ¹Ç³ã¹¢Ñé¹μÍ¹ risk characterization

¤íÒÂ‹Í ¾ÒÃÒÁÔàμÍÃ � ¤‹Ò·ÕèãªŒ

CPSo

CPSi

RfDo

RfDi

Bwa

Bwc

ATc

ATn

IRAa

IRAc

IRWa

IRWc

IRSa

IRSc

EFrEDtot

EDc

SAa

SAc

AFa

AFc

¤‹Ò¤ÇÒÁªÑ¹¢Í§¡ÒÃà¡Ô´ÁÐàÃç§â´Â¡ÒÃ¡Ô¹¤‹Ò¤ÇÒÁªÑ¹¢Í§¡ÒÃà¡Ô´ÁÐàÃç§â´Â¡ÒÃËÒÂã¨reference dose â´Â¡ÒÃ¡Ô¹reference dose â´Â·Ò§ËÒÂã¨¹éíÒË¹Ñ¡μÑÇ¼ÙŒãËÞ‹¹éíÒË¹Ñ¡μÑÇà´ç¡ÍÒÂØ 1 - 6 »‚àÇÅÒà©ÅÕèÂÊíÒËÃÑºÊÒÃ¡‹ÍÁÐàÃç§àÇÅÒà©ÅÕèÂÊíÒËÃÑºÊÒÃäÁ‹¡‹ÍÁÐàÃç§»ÃÔÁÒμÃÍÒ¡ÒÈ·Õè¼ÙŒãËÞ‹ËÒÂã¨»ÃÔÁÒμÃÍÒ¡ÒÈ·Õèà´ç¡ËÒÂã¨»ÃÔÁÒ³¹éíÒ·Õè¼ÙŒãËÞ‹ ×èÁ»ÃÔÁÒ³¹éíÒ·Õèà´ç¡ ×èÁ»ÃÔÁÒ³´Ô¹·Õè¼ÙŒãËÞ‹¡Ô¹»ÃÔÁÒ³´Ô¹·Õèà´ç¡¡Ô¹¨íÒ¹Ç¹ÇÑ¹·Õèä ŒÃÑºÊÒÃÃÐÂÐàÇÅÒ·Õè¼ÙŒãËÞ‹ä ŒÃÑºÊÒÃÃÐÂÐàÇÅÒ·Õèà´ç¡ÍÒÂØ 1 - 6 »‚ä ŒÃÑºÊÒÃ¾×é¹·Õè¼ÔÇË¹Ñ§¢Í§¼ÙŒãËÞ‹·ÕèÊÑÁ¼ÑÊÊÒÃ- ¼ÙŒÍÂÙ‹ÍÒÈÑÂ- ¤¹§Ò¹

¾×é¹·Õè¼ÔÇË¹Ñ§¢Í§à ç¡·ÕèÊÑÁ¼ÑÊÊÒÃ»ÃÔÁÒ³´Ô¹º¹¼ÔÇË¹Ñ§¼ÙŒãËÞ‹- ¼ÙŒÍÂÙ‹ÍÒÈÑÂ- ¤¹§Ò¹»ÃÔÁÒ³´Ô¹º¹¼ÔÇË¹Ñ§à ç¡

* (ÁÔÅÅÔ¡ÃÑÁ/¡ÔâÅ¡ÃÑÁ/ÇÑ¹)-1

* (ÁÔÅÅÔ¡ÃÑÁ/¡ÔâÅ¡ÃÑÁ/ÇÑ¹)-1

* ÁÔÅÅÔ¡ÃÑÁ/¡ÔâÅ¡ÃÑÁ/ÇÑ¹* ÁÔÅÅÔ¡ÃÑÁ/¡ÔâÅ¡ÃÑÁ/ÇÑ¹70 ¡ÔâÅ¡ÃÑÁ15 ¡ÔâÅ¡ÃÑÁ25,550 ÇÑ¹365* EDd20 ÅÙ¡ºÒÈ¡�àÁμÃ/ÇÑ¹12 ÅÙ¡ºÒÈ¡�àÁμÃ/ÇÑ¹2 ÅÔμÃ/ÇÑ¹1 ÅÔμÃ/ÇÑ¹100 ÁÔÅÅÔ¡ÃÑÁ/ÇÑ¹200 ÁÔÅÅÔ¡ÃÑÁ/ÇÑ¹350 ÇÑ¹/»‚30 »‚6 »‚

5,700 μÒÃÒ§à«¹μÔàÁμÃ/ÇÑ¹3,300 μÒÃÒ§à«¹μÔàÁμÃ/ÇÑ¹3,300 μÒÃÒ§à«¹μÔàÁμÃ/ÇÑ¹

0.07 ÁÔÅÅÔ¡ÃÑÁ/μÒÃÒ§à«¹μÔàÁμÃ0.2 ÁÔÅÅÔ¡ÃÑÁ/μÒÃÒ§à«¹μÔàÁμÃ0.2 ÁÔÅÅÔ¡ÃÑÁ/μÒÃÒ§à«¹μÔàÁμÃ


μÒÃÒ§·Õè 2.3 (μ‹Í)

¤íÒÂ‹Í ¾ÒÃÒÁÔàμÍÃ � ¤‹Ò·ÕèãªŒ

ABS

EFr

EFo

EDr

EDc

EDo

¡ÒÃ Ù´«ÖÁ·Ò§¼ÔÇË¹Ñ§- ÊÒÃ¡Öè§ÃÐàËÂä Œ- ÊÒÃÃÐàËÂ- ÊÒÃÍ¹Ô¹·ÃÕÂ�¤ÇÒÁ¶Õè¢Í§¡ÒÃä ŒÃÑºÊÒÃ- ¼ÙŒÍÂÙ‹ÍÒÈÑÂ¤ÇÒÁ¶Õè¢Í§¡ÒÃä ŒÃÑºÊÒÃ- ¤¹·íÒ§Ò¹ÃÐÂÐàÇÅÒ·Õè¼ÙŒÍÂÙ‹ÍÒÈÑÂ (¼ÙŒãËÞ‹) ä ŒÃÑºÊÒÃÃÐÂÐàÇÅÒ·Õèà´ç¡ä ŒÃÑºÊÒÃÃÐÂÐàÇÅÒ·Õè¤¹§Ò¹ä ŒÃÑºÊÒÃ

0.1--

350 ÇÑ¹/»‚

250 ÇÑ¹/»‚30 »‚6 »‚25 »‚

* ¤‹Òà©¾ÒÐ¢Í§ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕáμ‹ÅÐª¹Ô´

¡ÒÃ¤íÒ¹Ç³¤ÇÒÁàÊÕèÂ§ÊíÒËÃÑºÊÒÃäÁ‹¡‹ÍÁÐàÃç§â´ÂãªŒ HQ ¹Ñé¹ à»š¹à¾ÕÂ§¡ÒÃà»ÃÕÂºà·ÕÂº»ÃÔÁÒ³·Õèä ŒÃÑº¡Ñº RfD à·‹Ò¹Ñé¹ äÁ‹ãª‹¤‹Ò·ÕèáÊ´§¤ÇÒÁàÊÕèÂ§·Õèá·Œ¨ÃÔ§ Ñ§àª‹¹ risk characterization ÊíÒËÃÑºÊÒÃ¡‹ÍÁÐàÃç§ áμ‹ risk manager ¡çÊÒÁÒÃ¶ãªŒ¤‹Ò HQ ã¹¡ÒÃμÑ´ÊÔ¹ã¨ä´Œ ¡Å‹ÒÇ¤×Í¶ŒÒ HQ ÁÕ¤‹Ò¹ŒÍÂ¡Ç‹ÒËÃ×Íà·‹Ò¡Ñº 1 ËÁÒÂ¤ÇÒÁÇ‹Ò Ê¶Ò¹¡ÒÃ³ �¡ÒÃ»¹à»„œÍ¹¢Í§ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕÂÑ§äÁ‹ÃØ¹áÃ§¨¹ÍÒ¨à»š¹ÍÑ¹μÃÒÂμ‹ÍÊØ¢ÀÒ¾Í¹ÒÁÑÂ¢Í§»ÃÐªÒª¹ áμ‹¶ŒÒ HQ ÁÕ¤‹ÒÁÒ¡¡Ç‹Ò 1 ËÁÒÂ¤ÇÒÁÇ‹Ò Ê¶Ò¹¡ÒÃ³ �¡ÒÃ»¹à»„œÍ¹¢Í§ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕ¤‹Í¹¢ŒÒ§ÃØ¹áÃ§¨¹ÍÒ¨à»š¹ÍÑ¹μÃÒÂμ‹ÍÊØ¢ÀÒ¾Í¹ÒÁÑÂ¢Í§»ÃÐªÒª¹ä Œ ¨íÒà»š¹μŒÍ§ÁÕ¡ÒÃá¡Œä¢ËÃ×ÍíÒà¹Ô¹¡ÒÃà¾×èÍÅ´»ÃÔÁÒ³¡ÒÃ»¹à»„œÍ¹

2.7 Risk Characterization ÊíÒËÃÑºÊÒÃ¡‹ÍÁÐàÃç§ ¨Ò¡ÊÁ¡ÒÃ (2.11) Risk = CPS CDI

ÊÒÁÒÃ¶¤íÒ¹Ç³¤‹Ò¤ÇÒÁàÊÕèÂ§ (risk) ¨Ò¡¡ÒÃä ŒÃÑºÊÒÃ¡‹ÍÁÐàÃç§¨Ò¡»ÃÔÁÒ³ÊÒÃ·Õèä ŒÃÑº·Ø¡ÇÑ¹ (CDI) ¶ŒÒ risk ·Õè¤íÒ¹Ç³ä Œà¡Ô¹¡Ç‹Ò¤‹Ò·Õè¡íÒË¹´äÇŒ «Öè§â´Â»¡μÔË¹‹ÇÂ§Ò¹μ‹Ò§ æ Ð¡íÒË¹´ risk äÇŒ·Õè 10-6 ¼ÙŒºÃÔËÒÃμŒÍ§´íÒà¹Ô¹¡ÒÃá¡Œä¢


àÍ¡ÊÒÃà¼Âá¾Ã‹·Ò§ÇÔªÒ¡ÒÃ¢Í§ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕà©¾ÒÐàÃ×èÍ§

1 Aniline 31 Methylene chloride

2 Arsenic 32 Pentachlorophenol

3 Asbestos 33 Phenol

4 Cadmium 34 1,1,1-trichloroethane

5 Cresol 35 2,4,5-T

6 DDT 36 Aldrin

7 Dieldrin 37 CFC, Chlorofl uorocarbon

8 Formaldehyde 38 Crocidolite

9 Mercury 39 Heptachlor

10 Methyl bromide 40 Hexachlorobenzene

11 Methomyl 41 Lindane

12 Monocrotophos 42 PAHs, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

13 Monosodium glutamate 43 TPH, Total petroleum hydrocarbons

14 Methyl parathion 44 tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate

15 Nitrate, nitrite and N-nitroso compounds 45 Endrin

16 Paraquot 46 Methamidophos

17 PCBs, Polychlorinated biphenyls 47 Methyl acrylate

18 Propoxur 48 Methyl-tert-butyl ether

19 Styrene 49 Parathion

20 Tin and organotin compounds 50 Phosphamidon

21 Toluene 51 PBB, Polybrominated biphenyls

22 Triclopyr 52 PBDE, polybrominated diphenyl ethers

23 Vinyl chloride 53 PCT, polychlorinated terphenyls

24 Xylene 54 Ethylene dichloride

25 Acrylonitrile 55 Ethylene oxide

26 Benzene 56 Sulfuric acid

27 Benzo (a) anthracene 57 Hydrochloric acid

28 Benzo (a) pyrene 58 Toxaphene

29 Chlordane 59 Benzidine

30 p-Dioxin 60 Bromacil


àÍ¡ÊÒÃà¼Âá¾Ã‹·Ò§ÇÔªÒ¡ÒÃ¢Í§ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕà©¾ÒÐàÃ×èÍ§ (μ ‹Í)

61 Carbon tetrachloride 84 Acetone

62 Chlorobenzene 85 1,2-Dichloroethane

63 Chlorobenzilate 86 Dichloromethane

64 Endosulfan 87 Formetanate

65 Lead 88 Nitric acid

66 Maleic hydrazide 89 Tetrachloroethylene

67 Potassium chlorate 90 Hexabromobiphenyl

68 Trichloroethylene 91 pentabromodiphenyl ether

69 Aldicarb 92 Perfl uorooctane sulfonate

70 Chloroform 93 Ethoprophos

71 2,3-dibromo-1-propanol 94 Methidathion

72 Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate 95 Oxamyl

73 1,3-butadiene 96 beta-Hexachlorocyclohexane

74 Carbofuran 97 Chlordecone

75 Cyanide 98 Pentachlorobenzene

76 Dicrotophos 99 Blasticidin-S

77 2,3-Dinitrotoluene 100 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)

78 Ammonia 101 N-Methylformamide

79 Dichlorvos 102 Chlorine

80 Dimethoate 103 alpha-Hexachlorocyclohexane

81 Methyl ethyl ketone 104 Methyl methacrylate

82 Phosgene 105 Octabromodiphenyl ether

83 Propylene oxide

methyl methacrylate 2011

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