metadata in digital (music) libraries l631 april 7, 2003 mary wallace davidson

Metadata in Digital (Music) Libraries

L631

April 7, 2003

Mary Wallace Davidson

L631 April 7, 2003 Mary Wallace Davidson

Metadata

Purpose:

to facilitate unmediated access to networked environments.


Data about data Structured data about data In the music domain, for example, data about

the music, not the music itself.

Metadata definitions:


Metadata: What it does certifies the authenticity and degree of completeness of the

content; establishes and documents the context of the content; identifies and exploits the structural relationships that exist

between and within information objects; provides a range of intellectual access points for an

increasingly diverse range of users; and provides some of the information a librarian or information

professional might have provided in a physical reference or research setting.


Metadata: What it does: SourceAnne J. Gilliland-Swetland, ”Setting the Stage,”

in Introduction to Metadata: Pathways to Digital Information, edited by Murtha Baca, Version 2.0 (Los Angeles: Getty Research Center, 2000).

http://www.getty.edu/research/institute/standards/intrometadata/index.html


Metadata: Types Descriptive Administrative Structural


Descriptive metadata Concerned with content of the digital object. Intrinsic. Describes digital objects (with reference to

the source object) so that seekers may locate a single one, or choose among several like ones, intelligently. (“Collocation & Distinction”)

Purpose: “resource discovery” Example: MARC record


MARC record display


MARC record


Dublin Core A “simple” descriptive metadata standard Perhaps too simple: exists also in “qualified”

form, chiefly to identify “types” of works (Collection, Data set, Event, Image, InteractiveResource, Service, Software, Sound, Text, PhysicalObject), and types of relationships (isVersionOf, hasVersion, isReplacedBy, replaces, isPartOf, hasPart, etc.), as well as specific standards.


Dublin Core “Simple” elements (15—all repeatable)

Coverage Description Type Relation Source Subject Title

Contributor Creator Publisher Rights Date Format Identifier Language


Dublin Core Qualified additional elements (60!): audience alternativeTitle tableOfContents abstract created [i.e., date] valid available issued modified extent

medium isVersionOf hasVersion isReplacedBy replaces isRequiredBy requires isPartOf hasPart isReferencedBy


Dublin Core Qualified additional elements (con’t) references isFormatOf hasFormat conformsTo spacial [characteristics] temporal [ditto] mediator dateAccepted dateCopyrighted dateSubmitted

educationLevel accessRights bibliographicCitation LCSH MESH DDC LCC UDC DCMIType IMT


Dublin Core Qualified additional elements (con’t) ISO639-Z RFC1766 URI point [geogr. coords] ISO3166 box [geogr. region] TGN [Getty geo. thes.] period W3CDTF [ISO8601] RFC3066

• collection• dataset• event• image• interactiveResource• service• software• sound• text• physicalObject


Dublin Core (simple) example: Creator: Lesk, Michael Title: Practical digital libraries: books, bytes, and bucks Publisher: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Date: 1997 Relation: IsPartOf The Morgan Kaufmann series in

multimedia information systems Subject: Libraries—United States—Special collections—

computer files Subject: Digital libraries—United States Identifier: 1558604596 Type: Book Format: xxii, 297 p. : ill (some col.) ; 25 cm


Other Descriptive Metadata Standards

EAD (Encoded Archival Description) TEI (Text Encoding Initiative) Header SMDL (Standard Music Description Language) and other

music encoding languages – see “Music Encoding Standards,” http://www.student.brad.ac.uk/srmounce/encoding.html (last updated Feb. 01)

METS (Metadata Encoding and Transmission Standard) MODS (Metadata Object Description Schema) – MARC-21-

based. FRBR (Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records)


Administrative metadata Concerned with context. Extrinsic. Facilitates file management, rights

management, and preservation.


Administrative Metadata: Examples for Sound File format Sample size Sample rate Number of channels Compression ratio Processing performed

(eq, noise reduction, etc.)

Digitization hardware Digitization software Digitization technician Date digitized Copyright declaration Public domain? Condition of source


Structural metadata Concerned with relationships of various

works, and parts of works. Intrinsic or extrinsic. Facilitates navigation within an item,

especially to discrete parts of works. Developers speak of “glue” and “bindings”


Structural metadata: examples Table of contents & pages (books & scores) Movement markings or section letters (scores) Track listings (recordings) [What level of detail is required, and can we

afford?] [How do we cope with multiple

representations of the same work?]


Metadata in Variations2


Metadata in Variations2 (con’t)


IU (Meta)Data Model: Example

Broder,editor

Prepared from autographs in 1960

Mozart,composer

Fantasia K.397Sonata K. 279

Horowitz, pianist

Uchida,pianist

Sonata K. 279recorded in 1965,

Carnegie Hall

Fantasia K.397recorded in 1991,

Tokyo, Suntory Hall

CDMozart, Piano Works

ScoreMozart, Piano Fantasia K.397


IFLA FRBR Entities(Functional Requirements of Bibliographic Records)

responsible for

Person/Corporate Body

represents people or groups that create, realize, or produce other entities

is embodied in

MANIFESTATIONrepresents the physical embodiment of the expression of the work

is exemplified by

ITEMrepresents a single exemplar of a manifestation of a work

WORKrepresents the distinct intellectual or artistic creation

is realized thru

EXPRESSIONrepresents the intellectual or artistic realization of the work


Crosswalks Allow customized schemes to be mapped

(converted automatically) to standard ones. Facilitate automatic translation of searches. “Required”


Crosswalks: Examples RDF (Resource Description Framework).

http://www.w3.org/RDF/ MARC mapping to/from Dublin Core maintained at

Library of Congress. http://lcweb.loc.gov/marc/dccross.html

For others, see “Metadata Resources Page,” maintained by Standards Working Group of the NSDL (National Science, Engineering, Mathematics, and Technology Education Digital Library). http://128.253.121.110/NSDLmetaWG/IntroPage.html


RDF EXAMPLE<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"> <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/2001/08/rdf-test/"> <dc:creator>Art Barstow</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Dave Beckett</dc:creator> <dc:publisher> <rdf:Description> <dc:title>World Wide Web Consortium</dc:title> <dc:source rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/"/> </rdf:Description> </dc:publisher> </rdf:Description> </rdf:RDF>


Digital music library metadata “discovery” sites:

Indiana University, Variations2: http://variations2.indiana.edu/metadata/index.html

National Audio-Visual Preservation Center (Culpeper Project): http://lcweb.loc.gov/rr/mopic/avprot/avlcdocs.html#md

See also “XML and Music,” in Cover Pages, last modified Oct. 21, 2002, which attempts to track music mark-up languages: http://xml.coverpages.org/xmlMusic.html

metadata in digital (music) libraries l631 april 7, 2003 mary wallace davidson

Documents

mary wallace davidsonl631

digital information

digital objects

information objects

datastructured data

data set

qualified form

music domain