mental health across culture by international psychology
TRANSCRIPT
Created by:Indonesian team: Putri, Laura, Marissa, SyifaMaastricht team: Angela, Beatriz, GuillermoMaputo team: Ilka Saide
a) The individualistic and collectivist
societiesb) How different
cultures see the role of the therapist
c) How different cultures interpret
diseasesd) Examples of
Mental Illness across Cultures
e) Debate Questionsf) References
Interesting fact
Little or no education about mental illnesses
Lower socioeconomic class
Have the highest prevalence of mental health disorderGeneral practitioner plays an important role
b) How Different Cultures See The Role of Therapist • Asian• Western • African
(Chen & Mak, 2008)
- responses to therapy from different ethnic groups- influence of therapist
cultural beliefs on the patient
Social Stigma (Cheon & Chiao, 2012)
AA showed stronger negative implicit
attitudes
AA endorsed greater desire for social
distance
Cultural variations in mental illness stigma
arise EXCLUSIVELY from cultural differences in automatic reactions
Recognize the Treshold for Mental Illness (Canino & Alegria, 2008)
• Different cultures recognize the same syndromes with different thresholds
• DSM Recognize cultural factors in diagnosis. Is it enough?
RELATIVISTS
• Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), Weisz et al. (2006) syndromes in Thai youngsters that were not matched or even present in US youngsters.
Thai boys as well as a covert delinquency syndrome and a habit problem syndrome among Thai girls were not found among US youth. Similarly, a sex syndrome (e.g., preoccupation with sex, excessive masturbation, behaving like the other sex, general sexual problems) was observed in Thai boys but not found in US youngsters.
Depression(usatoday.com)
• People who live in Western culture may get depressed more than those from East Asian culture because Westerners don't have the cultural support that can protect them from a genetic vulnerability to depression, suggests a new study from Northwestern University, in Evanston.
• Joan Chiao, said that more collectivist cultures may give individuals who are genetically susceptible to depression an implied or expressed social support which buffers them from depressive episodes.
• The researchers found that in
collectivistic nations, such as East
Asia, where nearly 80% of the
population is genetically susceptible
to depression, "the actual
prevalence of depression is
significantly lower than in
individualistic nations, such as the
United States and Western Europe."
e) Debate Question
• Which psychiatric disorders are universal? Which extent do psychiatric disorders differ on their core definitions and constellation of symptoms as a result of cultural/contextual factors?
f) References• Campbell, A. (2013, February 3). In Africa I found the mentally ill were chained, shackled and whipped. Daily Express.
Retrieved July 1, 2015, from: http://www.express.co.uk/news/world/375168/In-Africa-I-found-the-mentally-ill-were-chained-shackled-and-whipped.
• Canino, G. & Alegria, M. (2008). Psychiatric diagnosis – Is it universal or relative to culture?. Child Psychol Psychiatry, 49 (3), 237-250.
• Cauce, A. M., Paradise, M., Rodriguez, M. D., Cochran, B.N. & Shea, J. M. (2002). Cultural and Contextual Influences in
Mental Health Help Seeking: a Focus on Ethnic Minority Youth. Journal of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, 70 (1), 44-45.
• Chen, S., & Mak, W. (2008). Seeking professional help: Etiology beliefs about mental illness across cultures. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 55(4), 442-450.
• Chen, B. K. & Chiao, J. Y. (2012). Cultural Variation in Implicit Mental Illness Stigma. Journal of Cross Cultural Psychology, 43 (7), 1058-1062.
• Jayson, Sharon. (2009, October 27). Eastern ‘collectivist’ culture may buffer against depression. USA Today. Retrieved July
1, 2015, from : http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/health/2009-10-27-Depression_culture_N.htm.
• Yvonne & Steven Klimidis. 2003. Assessing Mental Health Across Cultures. Brisbane: Watson Ferguson & Company.
• Vaswani, K. (2013, April 14). Mentally ill patients in Indonesia held in chains .BBC News Retrieved July 1, 2015, from : http://www.bbc.com/news/health-22076563.
• Walton, A. (2011, October 4). Why More Americans Suffer From Mental Disorders Than Anyone Else. Retrieved July 1, 2015, from http://www.theatlantic.com/.../why-more-americans.../246035/
• WHO. Data and statistics. (n.d.). Retrieved July 1, 2015, from http://www.euro.who.int/.../mental.../data-and-statistics