men of the late roman republic sulla marius pompey the great crassus julius caesar cicero cato...

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Men of the Late Roman Republic Men of the Late Roman Republic • Sulla • Marius Pompey the Great • Crassus Julius Caesar • Cicero • Cato • Augustus

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Page 1: Men of the Late Roman Republic Sulla Marius Pompey the Great Crassus Julius Caesar Cicero Cato Augustus

Men of the Late Roman Men of the Late Roman RepublicRepublic

• Sulla• Marius• Pompey the Great• Crassus• Julius Caesar• Cicero• Cato• Augustus

Page 2: Men of the Late Roman Republic Sulla Marius Pompey the Great Crassus Julius Caesar Cicero Cato Augustus

After the Social Wars of 91-87 B.C. between the Romans and their Italian allies, the Roman Republic entered another

period of turmoil leading to its demise in dictatorship.

Commanders with loyal armies and veterans behind them began demanding recompense and more by showing up in force before the senate or by establishing a de facto coup

d’etat.

Sulla was the first one to do this, creating a bloody precedent which Rome feared. The memory of this slaughter was in the

mind of every Roman when Julius Caesar crossed the Rubicon with his army and headed toward Rome.

Page 3: Men of the Late Roman Republic Sulla Marius Pompey the Great Crassus Julius Caesar Cicero Cato Augustus

Lucius Cornelius SullaLucius Cornelius Sulla• First general to march an

army into Rome to become dictator.

• Nick-named Felix, meaning “lucky”.

• Sought to uphold establishment.

• Opponent of Marius.• Issued infamous

proscriptions for the slaughter of his enemies.

• Retired peacefully until death in 78 B.C.

Page 4: Men of the Late Roman Republic Sulla Marius Pompey the Great Crassus Julius Caesar Cicero Cato Augustus

Gaius MariusGaius Marius

• Created Roman professional army.

• Was of plebian origin.• Active as military leader

until age 70.• Opponent of Sulla.• Defeated Jugurtha in

Africa, the Teutones & Cimbri in the North

• Siezed power in Rome and allowed murder of enemies.

Page 5: Men of the Late Roman Republic Sulla Marius Pompey the Great Crassus Julius Caesar Cicero Cato Augustus

Gnaeus Pompeius MagnusGnaeus Pompeius Magnus

• Defeated 22 kings and 14 nations.

• At age 25 given sarcastic nickname “Magnus” (“the Great”) by Sulla.

• One of the First Triumvirate including J. Caesar and Crassus.

• Aided in the repression of Spartacus’s slave rebellion.

• Cleansed Mediterranean of Piracy in 67.

• Defeated by J. Caesar in 48 B.C. Later killed by assassin.

Page 6: Men of the Late Roman Republic Sulla Marius Pompey the Great Crassus Julius Caesar Cicero Cato Augustus

Marcus Licinius CrassusMarcus Licinius Crassus

• Richest man in Rome.• Joined Sulla against

Marius.• Destroyed Spartacus’s

slave revolt.• One of the three

Triumvirate members.• Invaded Parthia in 53

B.C. where he was defeated and killed with his legions.

Page 7: Men of the Late Roman Republic Sulla Marius Pompey the Great Crassus Julius Caesar Cicero Cato Augustus

Gaius Julius CaesarGaius Julius Caesar

• Lived from 100 to 44 B.C.• Literary, military, and

political genius.• Member of the First

Triumvirate.• Conquered Gaul.• Marched on Rome and

established dictatorship.• Assassinated on March,

15th, 44 B.C.

Page 8: Men of the Late Roman Republic Sulla Marius Pompey the Great Crassus Julius Caesar Cicero Cato Augustus

Marcus Tullius CiceroMarcus Tullius Cicero

• Rome’s greatest orator.• Established himself with

by exposing Catiline’s would-be coup ď état.

• Prolific writer and publisher of letters, speeches, philosophy, and rhetorical works.

• Killed in Augustus’ proscriptions.

Page 9: Men of the Late Roman Republic Sulla Marius Pompey the Great Crassus Julius Caesar Cicero Cato Augustus

Marcus Porcius CatoMarcus Porcius Cato

• Uncompromising defender of traditional aristocratic regime.

• Ancestor was like-minded Cato the Elder.

• Opposed the First Triumvirate.

• Later nick-named “Uticensis” for his suicide in Utica, Africa in protest of Caesar’s rule.

Page 10: Men of the Late Roman Republic Sulla Marius Pompey the Great Crassus Julius Caesar Cicero Cato Augustus

Gaius OctavianusGaius Octavianus

• Great-nephew and heir to Julius Caesar

• Received title “Augustus”.• Following Caesar’s

assassination, finally gained control of Empire by defeating Antony & Cleopatra in 31 B.C.

• Ruled as first Roman Emperor for 41 years.

• Founded Julio-Claudian dynasty.

Page 11: Men of the Late Roman Republic Sulla Marius Pompey the Great Crassus Julius Caesar Cicero Cato Augustus

For further research see:

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page

• http://school.nettrekker.com/subject/?ctgry_id=X169566

• http://school.nettrekker.com/famous/search.epl?search_person=1

• http://www.roman-empire.net/republic/laterepublic.html

• http://www.sacklunch.net/biography/P/PompeytheGreat.html

• http://san.beck.org/EC25-RomanRevolution.html