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Medieval Architecture

The later Middle Ages saw the emergence of Gothic style architecture. Gothic or Perpendicular

Architecture is the term which is used to describe the building styles which were used between 1200 -

1500AD. Middle Ages Gothic architecture and decoration originally emerged in France. It was initially

called "The French Style". The name Gothic which is used to describe this style of Middle Ages

architecture was a derisive term alluding to the Barbaric Goths who sacked Rome in 410AD. The name

Gothic architecture was coined by people who were appalled at the abandonment of classical

Romanesque lines and proportions.

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Renaissance architecture is the architecture of the period between the early 15th and early 17thcenturies in different regions of Europe, demonstrating a conscious revival and development of certain elements of  ancient Greek  and Roman thought and material culture. Stylistically,

Renaissance architecture followed Gothic architecture and was succeeded by Baroque

architecture. Developed first in Florence, with Filippo Brunelleschi as one of its innovators, the

Renaissance style quickly spread to other Italian cities. The style was carried to France,Germany, England, Russia and other parts of Europe at different dates and with varying degrees

of impact.

Renaissance style places emphasis on symmetry, proportion, geometry and the regularity of parts

as they are demonstrated in the architecture of  classical antiquity and in particular ancient Romanarchitecture, of which many examples remained. Orderly arrangements of  columns, pilasters and

lintels, as well as the use of semicircular arches, hemispherical domes, niches and aedicules 

replaced the more complex proportional systems and irregular profiles of  medieval buildings.

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Egyptian Architecture

Due to the scarcity of wood,[1]

 the two predominant building materials used in ancient Egypt were sun-

baked mud brick and stone, mainly limestone, but also sandstone and granite in considerable

quantities.[2]

 From the Old Kingdom onward, stone was generally reserved for tombs and temples, while

bricks were used even for royal palaces, fortresses, the walls of temple precincts and towns, and for

subsidiary buildings in temple complexes. The core of the pyramids came from stone quarried in the

area already while the limestone, now eroded away, that was used to face the pyramids came from the

other side of the Nile River and had to be quarried, ferried across, and cut during the dry season before

they could be pulled into place on the pyramid