medieval and renaissance music. learning intentions/success criteria today we will… examine music...

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Medieval and Renaissance Music

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Medieval and Renaissance Music

Learning Intentions/Success Criteria

Today we will…• Examine music from the Renaissance period• Develop our understanding of music theory

We will know if we have been successful if we can…• Identify and describe the following concepts: Plainchant,

Mass, Contrapuntal, Modal, Irregular time, Melisma, Cadence, Canon, A cappella, Augmentation and Diminution

• Can ridentify musical signs and symbols

Task 1

• Make a list of the following concepts and write an appropriate definition for each during the lesson.

Plainchant, Mass, Contrapuntal, Modal,

Irregular time, Melisma, Cadence, Canon, A

cappella, Augmentation and Diminution

Medieval PeriodUp to 1450

• The earliest music we know. Much of the music was not written down.

• Monophonic texture.• Use of modes (dorian, lydian, etc).• Pattern of the Latin words used as the

rhythm.

Medieval Music

• During the Medieval period most music was not written down. Composers who did write their music down usually worked for the Catholic Church.  The Church could afford to buy the materials the composers would need to write music.  People outside the Church were too poor to buy what was needed to compose music.  

• Music notation appeared around the year 900, but it only showed the pitch.  It didn't tell you anything about the rhythm.  A few hundred years would pass  before the notes showed the rhythm.

Pope Gregory I

• As music became more complicated, someone needed to make up some rules for writing down music.  That person was Pope Gregory I.

• Pope Gregory l declared that music be standardized.  That means that musicians and composers had to use the same rules when writing and performing their music.   This music can still be heard today.  It is called Gregorian chant.

Plainchant

Also known as Plainsong and

Gregorian chant. Unaccompanied

melody set to words of the Roman

Catholic liturgy, such as the Mass.

Plainchants are modal and have no

regular metre. They follow the

rhythm of the Latin words.

The Renaissance Period1400-1600

The Renaissance Period1450-1600

• Renaissance means rebirth. This period saw a rebirth in knowledge. Science and the arts were becoming more important.

• Christopher Columbus discovered America, Michelangelo was painting the Sistine Chapel, William Shakespeare was writing plays and Leonardo da Vinci was making great advancements in art, music and science.

Characteristics of the Period

• Contrapuntal – voice parts were given equal importance and share the melody.

• Imitative polyphony.

• A cappella singing. • Growth of instrumental, dance and secular

music. • Development of musical harmony and use of

cadences.

Sacred Music

MassThe Roman Catholic service of the Mass has had A great influence on the development of music. High mass (Missa Solemnis) has 5 passages of Plainsong (the proper of the Mass) and 5 extended passages (the Ordinary of the Mass)which are often set in an elaborate choral way. The ‘Ordinary’ is the Section referred to as the Mass in a musical sense.

Mass

Features of the Mass include Latin text and polyphonic texture, and it is usually sung a cappella. Originally used in church worship, but in later years became a large-scale work for chorus, soloists and orchestra.

5 Main Sections of the Mass

• Kyrie – Lord Have Mercy• Gloria – Glory be to God on High• Credo – I believe• Sanctus - Holy, holy (often include the Benedictus)• Agnus Dei – Lamb of God

A special setting is the Requiem (Mass

for the dead).

Think – ‘King George Cuts Sandwiches

Buttering Always.’

Instruments of the Renaissance Period

Consort of viols

Lute

Rebec

Woodwind Instruments

Rackett – double reed bass instrument

Crumhorn – double reed, range of just over an octave

Cornett – similar to a recorder but played with a trumpet-like mouthpiece.

Recorders

Virginal

Clavichord

Word Painting• The music is used to describe the words.• Listen to As Vesta was from Latmos Hill by

Thomas Weelkes. Listen to how word painting is achieved on the following phrases:

1. ‘Running down amain’ – descending scales

2. ‘Two by two’ – two voices3. ‘Three by three’ – three voices

Melisma

A melodious flourish of notes sung to a

single syllable.

Texture

• Monophonic• Homophonic• Contrapuntal (polyphonic)• Imitation• Canon• Continuous Texture

Augmentation and Diminution

• Augmentation – The melody is repeated but the rhythmic values of the notes have been doubled (sounds slower the second time)

• Diminution – The melody is repeated but the rhythmic values of the notes have been halved (sounds quicker the second time)

Listen to the following excerpt and tick two boxes

to describe what you hear:

Monophonic Antiphonal

Homophonic Strophic

Gregorian Chant Credo

Madrigal

Listen to the following excerpt and tick two boxes

to describe what you hear:

Ballett Antiphonal

Motet Strophic

Madrigal Proper Ayre

Through composed

Listen to the following excerpt and tick three

boxes to describe what you hear:

Kyrie Anacrusis

Motet Melisma

Diminution Antiphonal

Augmentation

Listen to the following excerpt and tick three

boxes to describe what you hear:

Imitation Syllabic

Credo Contrapuntal

Madrigal Agnus Dei

Augmentation

Listen to the following excerpt and tick two boxes

to describe what you hear:

Simple time Compound time

Pavan Galliard

Overture March

Ballett

Listen to the following excerpt and tick two boxes

to describe what you hear:

Ayre Consort of viols

Madrigal Proper Motet

Pavan Word painting

Antiphonal

Listen to the following excerpt and tick three

boxes to describe what you hear:

Gregorian chant Mass

Madrigal Motet

Imitation Change from

simple to compound

Change from time

compound to simple time

Listen to the following excerpt and tick three

boxes to describe what you hear:

Trill Galliard

Mordent Pavan

Rebec Lute

Virginal

Listen to the following excerpt and tick two boxes

to describe what you hear:

Strophic Word Painting

Motet Imitation

Galliard Homophonic

Madrigal

Listen to the following excerpt and tick two boxes

to describe what you hear:

Modal Rebec

Crumhorn Consort

Homophonic Imitation

Augmentation

Listen to the following excerpt and tick three

Boxes to describe what you hear:

A cappella Mass

Mordent Melisma

Rebec Madrigal

Diminution

Listen to the following excerpt and tick three

boxes to describe what you hear:

Anthem Sanctus

Benedictus

Motet Imitation

Verse Anthem Modal

Madrigal

Listen to the following excerpt and tick three

boxes to describe what you hear:

Madrigal Motet

Crumhorn Antiphonal

Homophonic Contrapuntal

Clavichord

Listen to the following excerpt and tick three

boxes to describe what you hear:

Galliard Motet

Crumhorn Contrapuntal

Homophonic Consort of

recorders

Consort of viols

Listen to the following excerpt and tick two

boxes to describe what you hear:

Credo Madrigal

Agnus Dei Gregorian chant

Homophonic Motet

Modal

Prose Question 1

There are three types of madrigals, the madrigal

proper, ballett and ayre. The ballett is ________

in form whereas the madrigal proper is

___________. The ballett also contains a

_______ refrain. The madrigal proper has a

___________ texture. An ayre is usually

__________, often by a ______.

Prose Question 2The Mass is sung in ________. The texture is

__________ with many voices singing in _________ of

each other. The music is unaccompanied (___________).

A motet is sung in _________. It features several

voices singing in _________ of each other with a

___________ texture. An anthem is sung in

_________ and a ________ features an accompaniment

(often the organ).

Prose Question 3When composing a Mass or motet, the composer

often

splits the choir in two or has more than one choir. He can

then create a dialogue between the different voices. This

creates an ____________ effect.

Two important dances from the Renaissance period were

the ________ and _________. The __________ is a slow

dance with _______ beats in a bar. This is followed by a

__________ which is _______ with ______ beats in a

bar.

Medieval and

Renaissance Music

Sacred Music

Secular Music

Characteristics

Instrumental Music