medical informatics for medical students
DESCRIPTION
Medical informatics for Medical studentsTRANSCRIPT
Dr.T.V.Rao MD
Professor Of Microbiology
Medical Informatics for Medical Students
DR.T.V.RAO MD 1
MEDICAL INFORMATICS DEFINITIONS
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• Medical Information Science is the science of using
system-analytic tools . . . to develop procedures
(algorithms) for management, process control, decision making and scientific analysis of medical knowledge - Ted Shortliffe
• Medical Informatics comprises the theoretical and practical
aspects of information processing and communication,
based on knowledge and experience derived from
processes in medicine and health care - Jan van
Bemmel
• Medical informatics is
the intersection of
information science,
computer science,
and health care. It
deals with the
resources, devices, and
methods required to
optimize the acquisition,
storage, retrieval, and
use of information in
health and biomedicine
MEDICAL INFORMATICS
DR.T.V.RAO MD 3
• Medical informatics has
been also defined as the
field that "concerns itself
with the cognitive,
information processing, and
communication tasks of
medical practice,
education, and research,
including information
science and the technology
to support these tasks
MEDICAL INFORMATICS
DR.T.V.RAO MD 4
• Medical informatics is the rapidly developing scientific field that deals with resources, devices and formalized methods for optimizing the storage, retrieval and management of biomedical information for problem solving and decision making. Edward Shortliffe, M.D., Ph.D. What is medical informatics? Stanford
University, 1995.
HEALTH (MEDICAL) INFORMATICS A
RAPIDLY DEVELOPING SCIENCE
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• Information Technology
• Health care
• Research
• Education
• Fundamentals
• Communication
• Knowledge
Management
• Decision support
• Clinical Information
Management
HEALTH INFORMATICS CONSISTS
OF
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MEDICAL INFORMATICS
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Knowledge
Management
Clinical Information
Management
Communication Decision Support
• Laptops for each student
• Microsoft Office Professional
• Stedman’s Medical Spellchecker
• Endnotes
• Adobe Photoshop Elements
• Medical References
TECHNOLOGY NEEDS
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• PDAs for each student
• Evidence Based Ref.
• Disease Reference
• Medical Calculator
• Drug Reference
• Medical Dictionary
• The CDCS system
• Computer Lab
• Student teaching
• Faculty development
PERSONAL DIGITAL ASSISTANT KEEP YOU
UPDATE ANYWHERE
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• Didactic vs problem solving
• Competencies
• Word processing
• Information retrieval
• Information management
• Data analysis
• Presentation
• Communication skills
• E-mail, file transfer, web
MEDICAL INFORMATICS IMPROVES
EDUCATIONAL STRATEGIES
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• Communication
• Telemedicine
• Tele-radiology
• Patient e-mail
• Presentations
• Knowledge management
• Journals
• Consumer Health information
• Evidence-based medical information
• Decision Support
• Reminder systems
• Diagnostic Expert Systems
• Drug Interaction
• Information Management
• Electronic Medical Records
• Billing transactions
• Ordering Systems
INFORMATICS USE IN HEALTH
CARE
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COMPUTER MAKE THE DIAGNOSTIC-THERAPEUTIC CYCLE,
SIMPLIFIED
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Patient
Data collection:
-History
-Physical examinations
-Laboratory and other tests
Decision
making
Planning
Information
Diagnosis/assessment
Therapypla
n
Data
• Computers are cool today.
• If you don’t know a little bit
about what "coils” are
inside -
• you will get frustrated and
will bother other people.
• And yet we want
computers and IT now!
MEDICAL INFORMATICS? WHY WE
LEARN
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EXAMPLES OF MEDICAL
INFORMATICS AREAS
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• Hospital information systems
• Electronic medical records & medical vocabularies
• laboratory information systems
• pharmaceutical information systems
• radiological (imaging) information systems
• Patient monitoring systems
• Clinical decision-support systems
• Diagnosis/interpretation
• Therapy/management
• include not only computers
but also clinical guidelines,
formal medical
terminologies, and
information and
communication systems. It
is applied to the areas of
nursing, clinical care,
dentistry, pharmacy, public
health and (bio)medical
research.
HEALTH INFORMATICS TOOLS
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• Hardware/Software
• Support Issues
• Workflow/Mindset
Issues
• Training Issues
• Budgeting Issues
INFRASTRUCTURE TO SUPPORT
INFORMATICS CURRICULUM.
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INFRASTRUCTURE FOR MEDICAL
INFORMATICS
College of Medicine
Network InfrastructureTechnology Enhanced Classrooms
Campus Wide Wireless Coverage
Video Conferencing
File, Exchange, Web Servers
Data Collection and
Evaluation SystemArcstream System
Avantgo Server
SQL Server
DR.T.V.RAO MD 17
Student
and Faculty PDAsStedman’s Medical Dictionary
InfoRetriever
ePocrates
PDxMD
CPOnhand
Student
Wireless LaptopsMicrosoft Office Professional
Dorland’s Medical Spellchecker
Photoshop Elements
InfoRetriever
Endnote
Virtual Library
Resources
Blackboard
CoursewareAll Courses
IT Section SupportDatabase Development
Web design
Video Editing
Tech Support
COMPUTER-AIDED INSTRUCTION
DR.T.V.RAO MD 18
• These include computer-aided instruction, learning
about computers and their applications, use of
computer-based information resources, use of
computers as a tool and as a mechanism for
information management, decision support and
communication.) While medical informatics includes
computer applications, it is not limited only to the use of
computers, but includes the knowledge, skills and
attitudes involved in seeking, manipulating and using
biomedical information.
COMPUTER AND MEDICAL
INFORMATICS
DR.T.V.RAO MD 19
• Changes in health care delivery and styles of
learning in medical education have forced a
need to use and critically evaluate a variety of
new teaching tools, including the computer.
While the computer is unlikely to ever replace
the patient as the primary focus of learning, it
does have the ability to reproduce a highly
interactive environment and can mimic many
situations in Medicine.
• The first serious
introduction of computers
into medical education was
made two decades ago. De
Dombal reported the use of
computer-based material to
enhance the understanding
of trainees faced in an
emergency department with
the management of
patients with acute
abdominal pain.
EARLIER ATTEMPTS OF TEACHING WITH
COMPUTERS
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• Medical schools
have long
recognized the
need to revise
their teaching
methodology, but
have been slow to
change.
ARE TOO SLOW ADOPTING THE CHANGE
DR.T.V.RAO MD 21
• As medical knowledge
continues to expand rapidly
with demands for more
efficient coordination of
patient data become
paramount, and the
pressures for improved
practice and application of
evidence based medicine
increases, medical
informatics will have
increasing influence in our
working lives as clinicians.
PATIENT DATA IS MOST IMPORTANT
SOURCE OF INFORMATION
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WE STILL CONTINUE TO DO WITH TRADITIONAL
DIDACTIC METHODS
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• Till recently, teachers and their pupils have been
content with, and able to rely on, the traditional
resources that have always been available in medical
education.
• This involves teaching and learning centred on the
patient, and backed up by lectures and tutorials. Other
information can be obtained from and journals. For a
number of reasons these resources are no longer
sufficient
• There has been a philosophical shift in medical education in recent years.
• Pioneered by the McMaster and Newcastle medical schools, there has been a move from the traditional lecture-focussed program to a problem-based approach (Harden).
MEDICAL EDUCATION IS SHIFTING TO
PROBLEM BASED LEARNING
DR.T.V.RAO MD 24
• The use of virtual reality in simulated procedures is a new application of computers in medical education and is as yet in its infancy. Procedures can be standardised and trainees able to test and practice their skills.
VIRTUAL REALITY IN TEACHING A PRIORITY
IN MEDICAL EDUCATION
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• Theory of Information Communications Coding Algorithms Probabilities and Stochastic Processes
• Theory of Control
Operations Research Optimization Management Science
• Systems Analysis
CYBERNETICS
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LIBRARY RESOURCES
BECOMES ELECTRONIC
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• The modern library places an increasing amount
of its material in electronic format and increasing
numbers of journals are available either on CD- -
ROM or over the Internet. This represents a
considerable saving in storage space and
manpower. Many students who wish to pursue
their studies using library facilities can now do
son in electronic fashion, and often from their
own home
• Faculty must identify the
prerequisite information
and skills that students
need to enable them to
access electronic
information sources, as well
as the course content the
student needs to "know"
and the information the
student needs to "know
how to access"
electronically.
FACULTY SHOULD BE PROVIDE ELECTRONIC
INFORMATION
DR.T.V.RAO MD 28
• Students' attitudes toward
their education may also
have to change. Students
need to learn that they
must be information
seekers as well as
information managers.
They also need to acquire
knowledge about relevant
sources of information, and
the skills to access
electronic information.
STUDENTS SHOULD DEVELOP INTEREST IN
ELECTRONIC INFORMATION
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• ePocrates
• 5 Minute Clinical
Consult
• Medical
Calculators
• Immunization
schedule
HANDHELD APPLICATIONS
DR.T.V.RAO MD 30
• Helping students to
become independent
learners, information
seekers, and proficient
users of computer
technology have long been
goals that were often
inadequately implemented
throughout the medical
school curriculum.
MEDICAL INFORMATICS EMPOWER
STUDENTS
DR.T.V.RAO MD 31
• By making our primary goal
the preparation of students
to be medical information
managers, we have a
strong rationale for the
inclusion of medical
informatics applications into
the curriculum. This goal
also provides a criterion by
which the appropriateness
of curricular offerings can
be judged and the
outcomes of instruction can
be evaluated.
ORIENTATION BY TEACHERS IS THE PRIMARY
GOAL
DR.T.V.RAO MD 32
• Indian Journal of
Medical Informatics
(IJMI) is an Open
Access, peer-reviewed,
online journal adopting
a broad definition of
"medical informatics"
and focusing on the
applied aspects of
computers to
healthcare delivery.
INDIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL
INFORMATICS (IJMI)
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INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
BASICS OF SECURITY - 1
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• make sure workstation is physically safe and secure
never send passwords by email
• never paste passwords beside the workstation
• install and regularly (weekly) update virus protection
• avoid sending attachments
• never open unsolicited attachments, always check an
double-check the attachment’s file extension
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
BASICS OF SECURITY -2
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• Never open unexpected file with extensions EXE COM DOC DLL PIF LNK VBS (Windows does not show LNK and PIF extensions)
• Never click on a link – hover the link with mouse and look at the status bar where the link leads when clicked
• firewall may protect both yourself and the world but may also cheat you)
BARRIERS TO IMPLEMENTATION OF TECHNOLOGY
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KNOWLEDGE IS EXPLODING AND PATIENTS
ARE DEMANDING
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• Our Goals include
Improving health
care through
information
technology ,while
promoting the
renewal of
traditional values
in the medical
profession."
MEDICAL INFORMATICS IMPROVES
THE PROFESSIONAL STANDARDS
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MEDICAL INFORMATICS TO BE PART
OF CURRICULUM
DR.T.V.RAO MD 39
• Medical informatics to be incorporated into
medical school curricula in developing world. So
Medical informatics allows physicians to access,
analyze, and manage information so that they
can make educated decisions in patient care
.The use of computers and the related
technology is essential for communication and
information-sharing with colleagues, for public
and patient education, and for professional
development
ELECTRONIC MEDIA SHOULD BE PART
OF EDUCATION
DR.T.V.RAO MD 40
• Computer technology provides immediate
access to information and a mechanism for the
rapid dissemination of knowledge. The use of
computer technology has become an important
component of education, particularly at the
medical college level, and computer-assisted
instruction (CAI) has also been integrated into
continuing medical education
• Continued efforts must be
made to teach them the
skills necessary so that
they can benefit from
available and evolving
technology. In addition, we
recommend that students
be introduced to computer-
based testing early in their
medical school careers to
improve their comfort levels
with this medium
CONTINUED EFFORTS BY FACULTY
WILL CREATE INTEREST
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• Didactic vs problem
solving
• Competencies
• Word processing
• Information retrieval
• Information management
• Data analysis
• Presentation
• Communication skills
• E-mail, file transfer, web
EDUCATIONAL STRATEGIES
DR.T.V.RAO MD 42
• Anatomy lab video
enabled
• BacusLabs digital web-
slide program
• Gold Standard
Multimedia*
• Cross Sectional
Anatomy
• LXR Testing Program
• Question bank
• Computer-based testing
• Item analysis/grading
• United Streaming Videos
• Anatomy
• Histology
• Web Path
APPROACHING BASIC SCIENCES
CLASSES WITH MEDICAL INFORMATICS
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• Our primary goal the
preparation of students
to be medical
information managers,
we have a strong
rationale for the
inclusion of medical
informatics applications
into the curriculum.
MEDICAL INFORMATICS MAKES THE BETTER
HEALTH MANAGERS
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• A digital library of
authoritative
medical
information for the
medical student
and all students of
medicine
MEDICALSTUDENT.COM
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• The site contains the greatest
collections of information on
diseases and conditions on the
Net. It spans the globe and
provides interactive chats and
forums for experts and patients
to come together. This site not
only directs you to outside
sources, but also takes each
topic and gives you the rundown
from top to bottom.
ABOUT.COM
WWW.ABOUT.COM
DR.T.V.RAO MD 46
• Find the best doctors and
provide the best content on
a site that others can
access free of charge.
Founded by a man who
was diagnosed with an
inoperable tumor and
wanted the best doctors to
treat him, he set out to
empower other patients
through information.
BEST DOCTORS
WWW.BESTDOCTORS.COM
DR.T.V.RAO MD 47
• This is the kind of site that
contains so much information
that there's little chance you
won't find what you're looking for.
Not only are the diseases
covered extensively, but the
interactive tools make your
search for information much
more enjoyable. Come here to
learn, then take advantage of
links to other sources to intensify
your search for information.
HEALTHATOZ.COM
WWW.HEALTHATOZ.COM
DR.T.V.RAO MD 48
• The site is specifically
designed to give you
disease-related information
through what it calls
channels. It's one of the
most interactive medical
portals on the Net, offering
chats, discussion forums,
and clinical trials. This site
enables you to access the
world of medicine in
seconds.
HEALTH COMMUNITIES.COM
WWW.HEALTHCOMMUNITIES.COM
DR.T.V.RAO MD 49
• This government portal
opens the world of Internet
medicine. Whether it's
through tools such as
libraries, online journals, or
medical dictionaries or hot
topics that might interest
you, this site delivers
quickly and with reliability. A
big bonus of the site is that
it also provides content in
Spanish.
HEALTH FINDER
WWW.HEALTHFINDER.GOV
DR.T.V.RAO MD 50
• It is important for a portal to "have it all." This one is a good example. Whether it's drug information, a medical dictionary, or a rundown on a long list of diseases and conditions, Intelihealth is your gateway to top-notch information. It doesn't hurt to have Harvard Medical School's consumer health information tied to the site.
INTELIHEALTH
WWW.INTELIHEALTH.COM
DR.T.V.RAO MD 51
• Contain the leading
collection of health
research institutes in the
world. Whether the topic is
allergy and infectious
disease or cancer, this is
your gateway to health
information. You'll find the
latest in research and well-
written fact sheets and
brochures that reach out to
inform all.
NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH
WWW.NIH.GOV
DR.T.V.RAO MD 52
• The best electronic
medical library in the world.
It gives you access to the
most important research
and links to thousands of
sites, sending you around
the globe for the best
information in a matter of
seconds. Physical medical
libraries,
NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE
WWW.NLM.NIH.GOV
DR.T.V.RAO MD 53
• One of the most heavily
marketed portals on the
Net, this site stands up to
most of the hype. It's nicely
divided for different
audiences, ranging from
patients and doctors to
physician assistants to
health teachers. It has a
robust television service
that allows you to watch
broadcasts on different
health topics.
WEBMD
WWW.WEBMD.COM
DR.T.V.RAO MD 54
STANDARDS FOR EXCHANGE AND
MANAGEMENT OF MEDICAL INFORMATION
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• To maintain interoperability between systems across different platforms.
• HL7 (Health Level 7): aims to provide standards for the exchange, management and integration of data that support clinical patient care and management, delivery and evaluation of health care services.
• Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM): Diagnostic images, waveforms and test reports.
• The computer is here to stay
in one form or another. It is
unlikely that any amount to
scientific data on its reliability
or validity will influence use of
the medium. However, used
appropriately computers can
be of considerable
educational benefit and will
serve medical students and
practitioners throughout their
careers
COMPUTER ARE STAYING WITH US..
DR.T.V.RAO MD 56
• Information technology must not be viewed as a potential cure to the current ailments of medical education. It may be part of the solution and should be treated as such
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IS NOT A REMEDY
FOR ALL ILLS IN MEDICAL EDUCATION
DR.T.V.RAO MD 57
DR.T.V.RAO MD 58
• Created by Dr.T.V.Rao MD for
‘e’ learning resources for Medical
Professionals.