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Medical informatics for Medical students

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Page 1: Medical informatics for Medical students

Dr.T.V.Rao MD

Professor Of Microbiology

Medical Informatics for Medical Students

DR.T.V.RAO MD 1

Page 2: Medical informatics for Medical students

MEDICAL INFORMATICS DEFINITIONS

DR.T.V.RAO MD 2

• Medical Information Science is the science of using

system-analytic tools . . . to develop procedures

(algorithms) for management, process control, decision making and scientific analysis of medical knowledge - Ted Shortliffe

• Medical Informatics comprises the theoretical and practical

aspects of information processing and communication,

based on knowledge and experience derived from

processes in medicine and health care - Jan van

Bemmel

Page 3: Medical informatics for Medical students

• Medical informatics is

the intersection of

information science,

computer science,

and health care. It

deals with the

resources, devices, and

methods required to

optimize the acquisition,

storage, retrieval, and

use of information in

health and biomedicine

MEDICAL INFORMATICS

DR.T.V.RAO MD 3

Page 4: Medical informatics for Medical students

• Medical informatics has

been also defined as the

field that "concerns itself

with the cognitive,

information processing, and

communication tasks of

medical practice,

education, and research,

including information

science and the technology

to support these tasks

MEDICAL INFORMATICS

DR.T.V.RAO MD 4

Page 5: Medical informatics for Medical students

• Medical informatics is the rapidly developing scientific field that deals with resources, devices and formalized methods for optimizing the storage, retrieval and management of biomedical information for problem solving and decision making. Edward Shortliffe, M.D., Ph.D. What is medical informatics? Stanford

University, 1995.

HEALTH (MEDICAL) INFORMATICS A

RAPIDLY DEVELOPING SCIENCE

DR.T.V.RAO MD 5

Page 6: Medical informatics for Medical students

• Information Technology

• Health care

• Research

• Education

• Fundamentals

• Communication

• Knowledge

Management

• Decision support

• Clinical Information

Management

HEALTH INFORMATICS CONSISTS

OF

DR.T.V.RAO MD 6

Page 7: Medical informatics for Medical students

MEDICAL INFORMATICS

DR.T.V.RAO MD 7

Knowledge

Management

Clinical Information

Management

Communication Decision Support

Page 8: Medical informatics for Medical students

• Laptops for each student

• Microsoft Office Professional

• Stedman’s Medical Spellchecker

• Endnotes

• Adobe Photoshop Elements

• Medical References

TECHNOLOGY NEEDS

DR.T.V.RAO MD 8

Page 9: Medical informatics for Medical students

• PDAs for each student

• Evidence Based Ref.

• Disease Reference

• Medical Calculator

• Drug Reference

• Medical Dictionary

• The CDCS system

• Computer Lab

• Student teaching

• Faculty development

PERSONAL DIGITAL ASSISTANT KEEP YOU

UPDATE ANYWHERE

DR.T.V.RAO MD 9

Page 10: Medical informatics for Medical students

• Didactic vs problem solving

• Competencies

• Word processing

• Information retrieval

• Information management

• Data analysis

• Presentation

• Communication skills

• E-mail, file transfer, web

MEDICAL INFORMATICS IMPROVES

EDUCATIONAL STRATEGIES

DR.T.V.RAO MD 10

Page 11: Medical informatics for Medical students

• Communication

• Telemedicine

• Tele-radiology

• Patient e-mail

• Presentations

• Knowledge management

• Journals

• Consumer Health information

• Evidence-based medical information

• Decision Support

• Reminder systems

• Diagnostic Expert Systems

• Drug Interaction

• Information Management

• Electronic Medical Records

• Billing transactions

• Ordering Systems

INFORMATICS USE IN HEALTH

CARE

DR.T.V.RAO MD 11

Page 12: Medical informatics for Medical students

COMPUTER MAKE THE DIAGNOSTIC-THERAPEUTIC CYCLE,

SIMPLIFIED

DR.T.V.RAO MD 12

Patient

Data collection:

-History

-Physical examinations

-Laboratory and other tests

Decision

making

Planning

Information

Diagnosis/assessment

Therapypla

n

Data

Page 13: Medical informatics for Medical students

• Computers are cool today.

• If you don’t know a little bit

about what "coils” are

inside -

• you will get frustrated and

will bother other people.

• And yet we want

computers and IT now!

MEDICAL INFORMATICS? WHY WE

LEARN

DR.T.V.RAO MD 13

Page 14: Medical informatics for Medical students

EXAMPLES OF MEDICAL

INFORMATICS AREAS

DR.T.V.RAO MD 14

• Hospital information systems

• Electronic medical records & medical vocabularies

• laboratory information systems

• pharmaceutical information systems

• radiological (imaging) information systems

• Patient monitoring systems

• Clinical decision-support systems

• Diagnosis/interpretation

• Therapy/management

Page 15: Medical informatics for Medical students

• include not only computers

but also clinical guidelines,

formal medical

terminologies, and

information and

communication systems. It

is applied to the areas of

nursing, clinical care,

dentistry, pharmacy, public

health and (bio)medical

research.

HEALTH INFORMATICS TOOLS

DR.T.V.RAO MD 15

Page 16: Medical informatics for Medical students

• Hardware/Software

• Support Issues

• Workflow/Mindset

Issues

• Training Issues

• Budgeting Issues

INFRASTRUCTURE TO SUPPORT

INFORMATICS CURRICULUM.

DR.T.V.RAO MD 16

Page 17: Medical informatics for Medical students

INFRASTRUCTURE FOR MEDICAL

INFORMATICS

College of Medicine

Network InfrastructureTechnology Enhanced Classrooms

Campus Wide Wireless Coverage

Video Conferencing

File, Exchange, Web Servers

Data Collection and

Evaluation SystemArcstream System

Avantgo Server

SQL Server

DR.T.V.RAO MD 17

Student

and Faculty PDAsStedman’s Medical Dictionary

InfoRetriever

ePocrates

PDxMD

CPOnhand

Student

Wireless LaptopsMicrosoft Office Professional

Dorland’s Medical Spellchecker

Photoshop Elements

InfoRetriever

Endnote

Virtual Library

Resources

Blackboard

CoursewareAll Courses

IT Section SupportDatabase Development

Web design

Video Editing

Tech Support

Page 18: Medical informatics for Medical students

COMPUTER-AIDED INSTRUCTION

DR.T.V.RAO MD 18

• These include computer-aided instruction, learning

about computers and their applications, use of

computer-based information resources, use of

computers as a tool and as a mechanism for

information management, decision support and

communication.) While medical informatics includes

computer applications, it is not limited only to the use of

computers, but includes the knowledge, skills and

attitudes involved in seeking, manipulating and using

biomedical information.

Page 19: Medical informatics for Medical students

COMPUTER AND MEDICAL

INFORMATICS

DR.T.V.RAO MD 19

• Changes in health care delivery and styles of

learning in medical education have forced a

need to use and critically evaluate a variety of

new teaching tools, including the computer.

While the computer is unlikely to ever replace

the patient as the primary focus of learning, it

does have the ability to reproduce a highly

interactive environment and can mimic many

situations in Medicine.

Page 20: Medical informatics for Medical students

• The first serious

introduction of computers

into medical education was

made two decades ago. De

Dombal reported the use of

computer-based material to

enhance the understanding

of trainees faced in an

emergency department with

the management of

patients with acute

abdominal pain.

EARLIER ATTEMPTS OF TEACHING WITH

COMPUTERS

DR.T.V.RAO MD 20

Page 21: Medical informatics for Medical students

• Medical schools

have long

recognized the

need to revise

their teaching

methodology, but

have been slow to

change.

ARE TOO SLOW ADOPTING THE CHANGE

DR.T.V.RAO MD 21

Page 22: Medical informatics for Medical students

• As medical knowledge

continues to expand rapidly

with demands for more

efficient coordination of

patient data become

paramount, and the

pressures for improved

practice and application of

evidence based medicine

increases, medical

informatics will have

increasing influence in our

working lives as clinicians.

PATIENT DATA IS MOST IMPORTANT

SOURCE OF INFORMATION

DR.T.V.RAO MD 22

Page 23: Medical informatics for Medical students

WE STILL CONTINUE TO DO WITH TRADITIONAL

DIDACTIC METHODS

DR.T.V.RAO MD 23

• Till recently, teachers and their pupils have been

content with, and able to rely on, the traditional

resources that have always been available in medical

education.

• This involves teaching and learning centred on the

patient, and backed up by lectures and tutorials. Other

information can be obtained from and journals. For a

number of reasons these resources are no longer

sufficient

Page 24: Medical informatics for Medical students

• There has been a philosophical shift in medical education in recent years.

• Pioneered by the McMaster and Newcastle medical schools, there has been a move from the traditional lecture-focussed program to a problem-based approach (Harden).

MEDICAL EDUCATION IS SHIFTING TO

PROBLEM BASED LEARNING

DR.T.V.RAO MD 24

Page 25: Medical informatics for Medical students

• The use of virtual reality in simulated procedures is a new application of computers in medical education and is as yet in its infancy. Procedures can be standardised and trainees able to test and practice their skills.

VIRTUAL REALITY IN TEACHING A PRIORITY

IN MEDICAL EDUCATION

DR.T.V.RAO MD 25

Page 26: Medical informatics for Medical students

• Theory of Information Communications Coding Algorithms Probabilities and Stochastic Processes

• Theory of Control

Operations Research Optimization Management Science

• Systems Analysis

CYBERNETICS

DR.T.V.RAO MD 26

Page 27: Medical informatics for Medical students

LIBRARY RESOURCES

BECOMES ELECTRONIC

DR.T.V.RAO MD 27

• The modern library places an increasing amount

of its material in electronic format and increasing

numbers of journals are available either on CD- -

ROM or over the Internet. This represents a

considerable saving in storage space and

manpower. Many students who wish to pursue

their studies using library facilities can now do

son in electronic fashion, and often from their

own home

Page 28: Medical informatics for Medical students

• Faculty must identify the

prerequisite information

and skills that students

need to enable them to

access electronic

information sources, as well

as the course content the

student needs to "know"

and the information the

student needs to "know

how to access"

electronically.

FACULTY SHOULD BE PROVIDE ELECTRONIC

INFORMATION

DR.T.V.RAO MD 28

Page 29: Medical informatics for Medical students

• Students' attitudes toward

their education may also

have to change. Students

need to learn that they

must be information

seekers as well as

information managers.

They also need to acquire

knowledge about relevant

sources of information, and

the skills to access

electronic information.

STUDENTS SHOULD DEVELOP INTEREST IN

ELECTRONIC INFORMATION

DR.T.V.RAO MD 29

Page 30: Medical informatics for Medical students

• ePocrates

• 5 Minute Clinical

Consult

• Medical

Calculators

• Immunization

schedule

HANDHELD APPLICATIONS

DR.T.V.RAO MD 30

Page 31: Medical informatics for Medical students

• Helping students to

become independent

learners, information

seekers, and proficient

users of computer

technology have long been

goals that were often

inadequately implemented

throughout the medical

school curriculum.

MEDICAL INFORMATICS EMPOWER

STUDENTS

DR.T.V.RAO MD 31

Page 32: Medical informatics for Medical students

• By making our primary goal

the preparation of students

to be medical information

managers, we have a

strong rationale for the

inclusion of medical

informatics applications into

the curriculum. This goal

also provides a criterion by

which the appropriateness

of curricular offerings can

be judged and the

outcomes of instruction can

be evaluated.

ORIENTATION BY TEACHERS IS THE PRIMARY

GOAL

DR.T.V.RAO MD 32

Page 33: Medical informatics for Medical students

• Indian Journal of

Medical Informatics

(IJMI) is an Open

Access, peer-reviewed,

online journal adopting

a broad definition of

"medical informatics"

and focusing on the

applied aspects of

computers to

healthcare delivery.

INDIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL

INFORMATICS (IJMI)

DR.T.V.RAO MD 33

Page 34: Medical informatics for Medical students

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

BASICS OF SECURITY - 1

DR.T.V.RAO MD 34

• make sure workstation is physically safe and secure

never send passwords by email

• never paste passwords beside the workstation

• install and regularly (weekly) update virus protection

• avoid sending attachments

• never open unsolicited attachments, always check an

double-check the attachment’s file extension

Page 35: Medical informatics for Medical students

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

BASICS OF SECURITY -2

DR.T.V.RAO MD 35

• Never open unexpected file with extensions EXE COM DOC DLL PIF LNK VBS (Windows does not show LNK and PIF extensions)

• Never click on a link – hover the link with mouse and look at the status bar where the link leads when clicked

• firewall may protect both yourself and the world but may also cheat you)

Page 36: Medical informatics for Medical students

BARRIERS TO IMPLEMENTATION OF TECHNOLOGY

DR.T.V.RAO MD 36

Page 37: Medical informatics for Medical students

KNOWLEDGE IS EXPLODING AND PATIENTS

ARE DEMANDING

DR.T.V.RAO MD 37

Page 38: Medical informatics for Medical students

• Our Goals include

Improving health

care through

information

technology ,while

promoting the

renewal of

traditional values

in the medical

profession."

MEDICAL INFORMATICS IMPROVES

THE PROFESSIONAL STANDARDS

DR.T.V.RAO MD 38

Page 39: Medical informatics for Medical students

MEDICAL INFORMATICS TO BE PART

OF CURRICULUM

DR.T.V.RAO MD 39

• Medical informatics to be incorporated into

medical school curricula in developing world. So

Medical informatics allows physicians to access,

analyze, and manage information so that they

can make educated decisions in patient care

.The use of computers and the related

technology is essential for communication and

information-sharing with colleagues, for public

and patient education, and for professional

development

Page 40: Medical informatics for Medical students

ELECTRONIC MEDIA SHOULD BE PART

OF EDUCATION

DR.T.V.RAO MD 40

• Computer technology provides immediate

access to information and a mechanism for the

rapid dissemination of knowledge. The use of

computer technology has become an important

component of education, particularly at the

medical college level, and computer-assisted

instruction (CAI) has also been integrated into

continuing medical education

Page 41: Medical informatics for Medical students

• Continued efforts must be

made to teach them the

skills necessary so that

they can benefit from

available and evolving

technology. In addition, we

recommend that students

be introduced to computer-

based testing early in their

medical school careers to

improve their comfort levels

with this medium

CONTINUED EFFORTS BY FACULTY

WILL CREATE INTEREST

DR.T.V.RAO MD 41

Page 42: Medical informatics for Medical students

• Didactic vs problem

solving

• Competencies

• Word processing

• Information retrieval

• Information management

• Data analysis

• Presentation

• Communication skills

• E-mail, file transfer, web

EDUCATIONAL STRATEGIES

DR.T.V.RAO MD 42

Page 43: Medical informatics for Medical students

• Anatomy lab video

enabled

• BacusLabs digital web-

slide program

• Gold Standard

Multimedia*

• Cross Sectional

Anatomy

• LXR Testing Program

• Question bank

• Computer-based testing

• Item analysis/grading

• United Streaming Videos

• Anatomy

• Histology

• Web Path

APPROACHING BASIC SCIENCES

CLASSES WITH MEDICAL INFORMATICS

DR.T.V.RAO MD 43

Page 44: Medical informatics for Medical students

• Our primary goal the

preparation of students

to be medical

information managers,

we have a strong

rationale for the

inclusion of medical

informatics applications

into the curriculum.

MEDICAL INFORMATICS MAKES THE BETTER

HEALTH MANAGERS

DR.T.V.RAO MD 44

Page 45: Medical informatics for Medical students

• A digital library of

authoritative

medical

information for the

medical student

and all students of

medicine

MEDICALSTUDENT.COM

DR.T.V.RAO MD 45

Page 46: Medical informatics for Medical students

• The site contains the greatest

collections of information on

diseases and conditions on the

Net. It spans the globe and

provides interactive chats and

forums for experts and patients

to come together. This site not

only directs you to outside

sources, but also takes each

topic and gives you the rundown

from top to bottom.

ABOUT.COM

WWW.ABOUT.COM

DR.T.V.RAO MD 46

Page 47: Medical informatics for Medical students

• Find the best doctors and

provide the best content on

a site that others can

access free of charge.

Founded by a man who

was diagnosed with an

inoperable tumor and

wanted the best doctors to

treat him, he set out to

empower other patients

through information.

BEST DOCTORS

WWW.BESTDOCTORS.COM

DR.T.V.RAO MD 47

Page 48: Medical informatics for Medical students

• This is the kind of site that

contains so much information

that there's little chance you

won't find what you're looking for.

Not only are the diseases

covered extensively, but the

interactive tools make your

search for information much

more enjoyable. Come here to

learn, then take advantage of

links to other sources to intensify

your search for information.

HEALTHATOZ.COM

WWW.HEALTHATOZ.COM

DR.T.V.RAO MD 48

Page 49: Medical informatics for Medical students

• The site is specifically

designed to give you

disease-related information

through what it calls

channels. It's one of the

most interactive medical

portals on the Net, offering

chats, discussion forums,

and clinical trials. This site

enables you to access the

world of medicine in

seconds.

HEALTH COMMUNITIES.COM

WWW.HEALTHCOMMUNITIES.COM

DR.T.V.RAO MD 49

Page 50: Medical informatics for Medical students

• This government portal

opens the world of Internet

medicine. Whether it's

through tools such as

libraries, online journals, or

medical dictionaries or hot

topics that might interest

you, this site delivers

quickly and with reliability. A

big bonus of the site is that

it also provides content in

Spanish.

HEALTH FINDER

WWW.HEALTHFINDER.GOV

DR.T.V.RAO MD 50

Page 51: Medical informatics for Medical students

• It is important for a portal to "have it all." This one is a good example. Whether it's drug information, a medical dictionary, or a rundown on a long list of diseases and conditions, Intelihealth is your gateway to top-notch information. It doesn't hurt to have Harvard Medical School's consumer health information tied to the site.

INTELIHEALTH

WWW.INTELIHEALTH.COM

DR.T.V.RAO MD 51

Page 52: Medical informatics for Medical students

• Contain the leading

collection of health

research institutes in the

world. Whether the topic is

allergy and infectious

disease or cancer, this is

your gateway to health

information. You'll find the

latest in research and well-

written fact sheets and

brochures that reach out to

inform all.

NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH

WWW.NIH.GOV

DR.T.V.RAO MD 52

Page 53: Medical informatics for Medical students

• The best electronic

medical library in the world.

It gives you access to the

most important research

and links to thousands of

sites, sending you around

the globe for the best

information in a matter of

seconds. Physical medical

libraries,

NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE

WWW.NLM.NIH.GOV

DR.T.V.RAO MD 53

Page 54: Medical informatics for Medical students

• One of the most heavily

marketed portals on the

Net, this site stands up to

most of the hype. It's nicely

divided for different

audiences, ranging from

patients and doctors to

physician assistants to

health teachers. It has a

robust television service

that allows you to watch

broadcasts on different

health topics.

WEBMD

WWW.WEBMD.COM

DR.T.V.RAO MD 54

Page 55: Medical informatics for Medical students

STANDARDS FOR EXCHANGE AND

MANAGEMENT OF MEDICAL INFORMATION

DR.T.V.RAO MD 55

• To maintain interoperability between systems across different platforms.

• HL7 (Health Level 7): aims to provide standards for the exchange, management and integration of data that support clinical patient care and management, delivery and evaluation of health care services.

• Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM): Diagnostic images, waveforms and test reports.

Page 56: Medical informatics for Medical students

• The computer is here to stay

in one form or another. It is

unlikely that any amount to

scientific data on its reliability

or validity will influence use of

the medium. However, used

appropriately computers can

be of considerable

educational benefit and will

serve medical students and

practitioners throughout their

careers

COMPUTER ARE STAYING WITH US..

DR.T.V.RAO MD 56

Page 57: Medical informatics for Medical students

• Information technology must not be viewed as a potential cure to the current ailments of medical education. It may be part of the solution and should be treated as such

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IS NOT A REMEDY

FOR ALL ILLS IN MEDICAL EDUCATION

DR.T.V.RAO MD 57

Page 58: Medical informatics for Medical students

DR.T.V.RAO MD 58

• Created by Dr.T.V.Rao MD for

‘e’ learning resources for Medical

Professionals.

Email

[email protected]