Baker (Chapter 2)

Presenter: JessicaDate: September 23, 2015.

OutlineOutline

IntroductionThe purposes of the Measurement of BilingualsExamples of the Measurement of BilingualsLimitations of Language CensusesA critical View of Language TestingThe Structure of Language CompetenceConclusion

Introduction

Reasons

Education

Society

Complexity

Classification

Reality

Easy task?

Distribution Census questions

Purposes

Selection

-bilingual proficiency

-language background

Children classes “balanced” b

“partial” b

monolingual

Summative

Totaling upSumming up

Reading comprehension

Readingvocabulary

Spelling Grammar

LanguageProficiency

&Achievement test

Formative

Feedback during learning

Direct action

Development

VS

1Language Background ScalesFunctional bilingualism scale

Examples of measurement of bilinguals

Actual use

Proficiency

Ambiguity Social desirability limitations

Not exhaustiv

e

Targets DomainsTo whom

Is insufficientFrequenc

yPower in relationsh

ips

Include different contextual dimensions

Language background of a language group

1Preferred

Categorization Of the

language

2RecentHistory Of the

language

3Geographical

ExtentOf the

language

4Number

Of Users

5Legal StatusOf the

language

… 40

2Language Censuses

Examples of measurement of bilinguals

The Belgium of 1846

was one of the 1st national censuses

to ask language questions

The US Census of 1910

The US Census of 2000

The 1992 Census of Venezuela

Spanish37 native languages

Bilingualism Multilingualism

language use

Language ability

Ambiguity

Limitations of Language Censuces

Do not include Do not cover all the populationUnderstanding Speaking

Reading Writing

Self-rating Self-rating ProficiencyProficiency

Examples of measurement of bilinguals

StrengthsWeaknesses

limitationsTo broad

Identity

Do not cover all the population

Ethnic groups butLanguage itself

Other limitations

Ambiguity Context Social desirability

Acquiescent response

Self-awareness Point of reference

Test- Aura Narrow sampling Insensitivity tochange

labeling

Language Balance and Dominance Psychometric testsPsychometric tests

1) Speed of reaction2) Quantity of reaction

3) Detection of Words4) Time taken

5) Amount of mixing

Real communicative situations

Communicative language Testing

Oral interview!

A criterion referenced test

Unfair comparisons

Language testing

Whose knowledge the tests are based on?What is the intended or assumed status of that knowledge?What is the meaning of language test scores?

A critical view of language testing

Cultural Social Political Educational Idiological

Shohamy (1997,2000)

The structure of language competence

Listening Speaking

Reading WritingSkills

Grammar Vocabulary

PhonologyGraphologyKnowledge

Bachman'sModel of

LC

CONCLUSIONI hope you don't have questions!