Supervision in Instruction

Meaning, Scope and Function of

SupervisionIE 504

Raemmil F. Nulada

Meaning of Supervision

Supervision Defined

- to supervise

- to watch over, look after, manage, regulate direct govern, guide, administer

-an improvement of the total teaching-learning situation and conditions that affect them (1966)

-a process of scanning a text for errors or deviations from the original material(Smyth in Sullivan and Glanz 2000)

History of Supervision• Originated in England in 1800

• In the Philippine setting, it is patterned in the west– In 1863 a Royal Education Degree was

signed and supervision was placed under two councils or junta; the Junta de Gobierno and the Junta Administradora del Material de Escuelas

other definitions of Supervision

• “an active technical service primarily concerned with studying and improving conditions that surround learning and pupils growth” –Barr, Burton and Brueckner

• “relates to the instructional phase of school plan and activities” –Melchoir

• “to supervise, criticize, to evaluate, to appraise or to praise” –Crow and Crow

…additional definitions of supervision gives

emphasis on the different aspect such

as….

Emphasis on Administration

…supervision is what school personnel do with adults and things to maintain or change the operation of the school in order to directly influence the attainment of major instruction goals (Harris and Bessent 1969)

Emphasis on Instruction

…is directed toward both maintaining and improving the teaching-learning process of the school (Harris 1975)

Emphasis on Curriculum

…revisions denotes activities like the writing and revisions of the curriculum, the preparation of units and materials of instruction…and such concerns are evaluation of the total educational program

Emphasis on Leadership

…teaching teachers how to teach and professional

leadership to reformulate public education

Emphasis on Human Relations

…assumed to be an additional behavior system…interacting

with the total behavior system…to improve actualizations of

learning opportunities for the students (Wiles and Lovell)

Emphasis on Evaluation

…supervisors are regularly involved in evaluation through assessment of

programs, processes and people (Wiles and Bondi)

Scope of Supervision

Activities under Supervision by Barr, Burton

and Brueckner1. Survey of the school system2. The direct improvement of Classroom

Teaching3. The General Improvement of

Teachers –in-Service4. Organizing Programs of

Cooperative Activity

5. The Development and Maintenance of Morale, or de Corps

6. The Selection and Organization of the Materials of Instruction

7. Experimental Study of the Problems of Teaching8. Determining the desirable Physical Conditions of

Learning9. Performance of Professional and Semi-

Administrative Duties

Techniques under Supervision

by Gist 1. Teacher Diagnosis2. Pupil Diagnosis3. Diagnosis of Curricular Offerings4. Survey of Methods in Instruction5. Budgeting of Time in Supervision 6. Classroom Visitation

Techniques under Supervision

7. Teacher’s Meeting and Conference

8. Demonstration Teaching9. Teacher-Pupil Relationship10.Evaluation of Supervision

Major Functions of Supervision

A. Inspect

Formulate a plan to remedy a weakness and

pass it on to teachers to be applied…

B. Research

Make a survey I order to discover problems and

classify them into major or minor issues and/or

concerns….

C. Training

Acquainting teachers to the solution thru

demonstrations, seminars, workshops etc…

D. Guidance

to stimulate, direct, guide and encourage teachers to apply them thru instruction

and instructional materials…

E. Evaluation

to appraise the outcomes and factors affecting such to improve the …products

and processes of instruction

Other Functions

of Supervision

F. Studying the Teaching-Learning Situation

G. Improving the Teaching-Learning Situation

H. Evaluating the means, methods and outcomes of supervision

FIN