mcp bkk 81413 intermodal transport v1

OPPORTUNITIES OF INTERMODAL FREIGHT OPERATIONS BETWEEN ASIA AND EUROPE

FROM THE EUROPEAN POINT OF VIEW

- Potentials- logistics strengths

- products- light cargo services

- transport modes

Mag. Martin Posset | ProF. Manfred GronaltUniversity of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna

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BKK, 81413

INTERMODAL FREIGHT OPERATIONS BETWEEN ASIA AND EUROPE

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(A) Intermodal Freight Transport Components Loading Units Transport Chain

(B) Land Bridge Market Industries Routes

(C) European Transport Policy 2050 Facts TEN-T White book transport 2050

(D) High Speed Rail Potentials Comparison of Transport Modes: Strengths, Products Lessons learned

Agenda


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Intermodal Transport & High Speed Rail

HOW DOES IT LOOK LIKE? WHICH POSSIBILITIES DO WE HAVE? WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES? WHAT DO WE HAVE TO CONSIDER?

container yard/carrier

consignor

terminal

consignee

vessel/open seaM2

truck / road

train / rail

light grey objects are not considered in detail

M3

M4

P1P2

E1

E2

port, airport

vessel/open sea

aircraft/airway

P3

shunting

terminal

shunting

shunting shunting

M1

M3

TN TN

HOW DO OTHER TRANSPORT NETWORKS LOOK LIKE?

HOW ARE THEY ORGANIZED? WHAT ARE THEIR TARGETS?

WHERE DO WE GO? WHICH MARKETS AND INDUSTRIES

ARE OF INTEREST? WHO ARE THE ACTORS?

WHAT DOES IT NEED? HOW DOES IT LOOK LIKE? HOW IS IT ORGANIZED?

(B) Land Bridge

(D) High Speed Rail


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Intermodal Freight Transport


BKK | 81413(A) Intermodal Freight Transportcomponents 1/2

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Transhipment of loading unitsTranshipment of goods

Monomodal transport Multimodal transport

Cooperation Competition Land-sea interface

A B


BKK | 81413(A) Intermodal Freight Transportcomponents 2/2

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ISO Container 20 and 40 standard Container

High Cube Container (HC) voluminous cargo 40 to 45 and higher than ISO Container

Flat Container heavy cargo

Open Top (canvas) Overheight cargo

Hard Top (steel top)

Reefer Container Temperature controlled cargo Freezing or heating

Tank Container Food or chemicals

http://www.hapag-lloyd.com/de/fleet/overview_containers.html

(A) Intermodal Freight Transportloading units: container 1/2


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http://www.hapag-lloyd.com/de/fleet/overview_containers.html

(A) Intermodal Freight Transportloading units: container 2/2

http://www.palettenhexer.de/produkte.htm

flat wagon

chassis


BKK | 81413(A) Intermodal Freight Transportloading units: swap body

http://www.swap-body.com

flat wagon

http://www.palettenhexer.de/produkte.htmTruck with pneumatic shock absorption


BKK | 81413(A) Intermodal Freight Transportloading units: semi trailer

pocket wagon

http://www.palettenhexer.de/produkte.htm

OR rolling road: complete truck on rail


BKK | 81413(A) Intermodal Freight Transportloading units: handling

http://www.viacombi.eu

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BKK | 81413(A) Intermodal Freight Transporttransport chain 1/2


BKK | 81413(A) Intermodal Freight Transporttransport chain 2/2


placing the load unit

consignor

terminal

consignee

vessel/open sea

stripping

M2

truck / road

train / rail


truck/roadtrain/railinland ship/inland waterway

aircraft/air network

M3

M4

P1P2

1

E1

E2

P1P2

E1E2M2

M3

M4

prehaulage truck/road endhaulage truck/roadprehaulage train/rail mainhaulage train/rail endhaulage train/rail

mainhaulage inland ship/inland waterway

mainhaulage inland aircraft/air network

port, airport

vessel/open sea

23

4

AP M EP

TN

Transhipment Node i) road/railii) road,rail/inland waterwayiii) road, rail/airwayiv) road, rail, inland waterway/open sea

IT

IT

IT

EITMIT IT

BCD

Door-to-Terminal | Port-to-Terminal | Door-to-AirportPort-to-Door | Door-to-Door | Door-to-PortTerminal-to-Terminal | Terminal-to-Port | Airport-to-AirportTerminal-to-Door | Terminal-to-Port | Terminal-to-Airport | Airport-to-Door

aircraft/airway

P3

shunting

terminal

shunting

Stuffing P: prehaulage M: mainhaulage E: endhaulageT: transhipment T: transhipment

M1 mainhaulage rolling road

shunting shunting

M1

M3 mainhaulage floating road

M3

TN TN

loading unit


BKK | 81413(A) Intermodal Freight Transporttransport chain: train operation

Train length 450 m | 650 m | 1,000 mTrain weight 1,140 t | 1,650 t | 2,500 t


BKK | 81413(A) Intermodal Freight Transporttransport chain: wagon load

UIC, FIATA Conference on Intercontinental corrdiors, new opportunities for rail freight, Sassan Rabet, Xrail CEO (2013): Xrail The European Wagonload Alliance, Vienna 18-19 April 2013.


BKK | 81413(A) Intermodal Freight Transporttransport chain: segments (rail)

UIC, FIATA Conference on Intercontinental corrdiors, new opportunities for rail freight, Sassan Rabet, Xrail CEO (2013): Xrail The European Wagonload Alliance, Vienna 18-19 April 2013.


BKK | 81413(A) Intermodal Freight Transporttransport chain: actors


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Land Bridge


BKK | 81413(B) Land Bridgemarket: world seaborne trade

8 billion tons1.24 billion tons


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http://www.worldshipping.org/about-the-industry/global-trade (26.07.2012)http://www.hafen-hamburg.de/content/weltcontainerumschlag (26.07.2012)W.C., Hildebrand (2008): Management von Transportnetzwerken im containerisierten Seehafenhinterlandverkehr: Ein Gestaltungsmodell zur Effizienzsteigerung von Transportprozessen in der Verkehrslogik, Technische Uni Berlin.

(B) Land Bridgemarket: container transhipments

580,000,000 transhipments


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28 Mio. TEU = 17,000,000 Container

http://www.worldshipping.org/about-the-industry/global-trade (26.07.2012)Seidelmann (2010): 40 Jahre Kombinierter Verkehr Strae-Schiene in Europa. UIRR, Brssel.Container Kompendium: http://www.buss-capital.de/fileadmin/user_upload/buss-capital/Vertriebsmaterial/Buss_Capital_Containerkompendium_web.pdf

(B) Land Bridgemarket: world container fleet


BKK | 81413(B) Land Bridgemarket: cargo structure changes

Institut fr Mobilittsforschung: Zukunft der Mobilitt 2005, p. 65

(1) Metal ore, Oil, Mineral fuels, Solid fuels, Agriculture and forestry(2) Transport equipment, Machinery, semi finished products, Food

2000Bulk Cargo (1)General Cargo (2)Other

2025Bulk Cargo (1)General Cargo (2)Other


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http://www.hanseatic-lloyd.de/corporate/news/archiv/onBoard/artOnBoard3211-01.htmlUNCTAD (2008) Review of Maritime Transport. Geneva: United Nations: http://www.unctad.org/en/docs/rmt2008_en.pdf

density of transports low (blue) high (red).

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Strait of Gibraltar

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15,4

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55.1 Mio

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Mio TEU

Political situation

weatherpiracy

(B) Land Bridgemarket: main seaborne routes


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50,000,000 tons = 6,000,000 TEU of trade flow between Asia and Europe in containers (2010)

Share of rail Asia 1.4% Russia 39% Ukraine 63%

Imbalance of flows: 55 % westbound 45 % eastbound

(B) Land Bridgemarket: volumes from Europe To the east

Share of volume

Total cargo flow from Europe to the east

Eurostat: Hungrail, Masoczi Laslo, 2013


BKK | 81413(B) Land Bridgemarket: target regions

Austria Hungary

Czech Rep.Slovakia

Italy

Switzerland

Slovenia

GermanyFrance

Endpoint Vienna: priority countries for land bridge cargoby region

Region East: Austria, Czech Republik, Slovakia, Hungary

Region West: Southern Germany, Eastern France, Switzerland, Northern Italy, Slovenia

The comparative advantage of rail over sea is generally higher when origin and/or destination country/region is rather far away from seaports.


BKK | 81413(B) Land Bridgemarket: import/export shares by region

RU import (%) RU export (%)EU 25 45.9 EU 25 58.9Asian Pacific (CN excl.) 12.9 CIS (RU excl.) 10.2CIS (RU excl.) 11.4 CHINA 4.9CHINA 9.8 TR 5.4AM north 5.6 EFTA (Iceland, Norway, Switzerland) 4.2AM south 4.4 Asian Pacific (CN excl.) 3.6TR 2.0 RO & BG 3.1EFTA (Iceland, Norway, Switzerland) 1.8 Others 6.4Others 6.3 7.6

Ukraine import (%) Ukraine export (%)EU 25 42.6 EU 25 25.6Russia 28.4 Russia 21.3CIS (RU excl.) 8.9 TR 6.9China 7.1 Mid East 8.1Asian Pacific (CN excl.) 4.4 CIS (RU excl.) 7.9TR 2.1 Asian Pacific (CN excl.) 4.2AM north 1.4 AM north 4.1EFTA (Iceland, Norway, Switzerland) 0.8 EFTA (Iceland, Norway, Switzerland) 1.2AM south 0.7 RO & BG 3.2Others 3.4 Others 17.5

Kazakhstan impport (%) Kazakhstan expport (%)Russia 36.8 EU 25 45.4EU 25 25.7 Russia 11.6China 19.5 China 10.9CIS (RU excl.) 6.5 RO & BG 5.6AM north 3.1 Mid East 4.4TR 2.8 CIS (RU excl.) 4.1Asian Pacific (CN excl.) 1.8 AM north 3.0Mid East 0.4 TR 2.9EFTA (Iceland, Norway, Switzerland) 0.3 Asian Pacific (CN excl.) 1.9AM south 0.3 EFTA (Iceland, Norway, Switzerland) 0.6Others 2.8 Others 12.6

RUSSIA

UKRAINE

KAZAKHSTAN

Kummer, Sebastian and Stranner, Gudrun and Nagl, Philipp (2008) Auswirkungen einer Breitspur-Anbindung des Twin-City Raumes Wien/Bratislava aus Sicht von Verkehrswirtschaft und Logistik. Studie. Institut fr Transportwirtschaft und Logistik, WU Wien. This version is available at: http://epub.wu.ac.at/3200/Available in ePubWU: September 2011


BKK | 81413(B) Land Bridgemarket: facts

Austria Hungary

Czech Rep.Slovakia

Italy

Switzerland

Slovenia

Germany

France

Eastbound product groups

Asia = longer trip: higher costs are compensatedwhen faster transport brings extra advantage:

automotive, electronics, semi finished products, chemicals, metal ores

Russia = shorter trip: prefered for oversized or heavyproducts when road transport is too complicated orexpensive:

furniture, food, machinery, heavy and oversize products


BKK | 81413(B) Land Bridgeindustries: relevant industries by region

Italy

Switzerland

Slovenia

GermanyFrance

Austria Hungary

Czech Rep.SlovakiaRegion West Region East

Eurostat: Hungrail, Masoczi Laslo, 2013

Food

Crude materials

Chemicals

Manufactured goods

Machinery and transportequipment

Mineral fuels

Food

Crudematerials

Chemicals

Manufacturedgoods

Machinery and transport equipment

trends show higher future shares of the industries where rail transport is more competitive(like machinery and transport equipment) that will result in extra growth in rail transport

volumes


BKK | 81413(B) Land Bridgeindustries: import product groups

SITC Bezeichnung to Mio USD893 Articles, n.e.s., of plastics 411.921 1.905851 Footwear 265.727 3.713845 Articles of apparel, of textile fabrics, whether or not knitted or crocheted, n.e.s. 258.763 6.148056 Vegetables, roots and tubers, prepared or preserved, n.e.s. 244.997 309781 Motor cars and other motor vehicles principally designed for the transport of persons (other than motor vehicle 242.039 3.227658 Made-up articles, wholly or chiefly of textile materials, n.e.s. 239.669 1.520842 Women's or girls' coats, capes, jackets, suits, trousers, shorts, shirts, dresses and skirts, underwear, nightwear 140.424 4.156785 Motor cycles (including mopeds) and cycles, motorized and non-motirized; invalid carriages 123.811 1.703059 Fruit juices (including grape must) and vegetable juices, unfermented and not containing added spirit, whether 91.533 93844 Women's or girls' coats, capes, jackets, suits, trousers, shorts, shirts, dresses and skirts, underwear, nightwear 83.785 1.688843 Men's or boys' coats, capes, jackets, suits, blazers, trousers, shorts, shirts, underwear, nightwear and similar a 35.843 602784 Parts and accessories of the motor vehicles of groups 722, 781, 782 and 783 3.094 1.825542 Medicaments (including veterinary medicaments) 2.547 487625 Rubber tyres, interchangeable tyre treads, tyre flaps and inner tubes for wheels of all kinds 541 864

I M P O R T

SITC Standard International Trade Classification Westbound

FROM CIS, China, Japan TO Austria, Germnay, Italy

Austria

Italy

Germany

data without oil, gas and coal


BKK | 81413(B) Land Bridgeindustries: export product groups

Container Kompendium: http://www.buss-capital.de/fileadmin/user_upload/buss-capital/Vertriebsmaterial/Buss_Capital_Containerkompendium_web.pdfSeidelmann (2010): 40 Jahre Kombinierter Verkehr Strae-Schiene in Europa. UIRR, Brssel.

E X P O R T

SITC Bezeichnung to Mio USD781 Motor cars and other motor vehicles principally designed for the transport of persons (other than m 863.272 19.867112 Alcoholic beverages 307.990 694782 Motor vehicles for the transport of goods and special-purpose motor vehicles 192.449 1.580056 Vegetables, roots and tubers, prepared or preserved, n.e.s. 134.692 153893 Articles, n.e.s., of plastics 92.818 1.041553 Perfumery, cosmetic or toilet preparations (excluding soaps) 81.242 1.080542 Medicaments (including veterinary medicaments) 68.578 5.760783 Road motor vehicles, n.e.s. 65.199 358059 Fruit juices (including grape must) and vegetable juices, unfermented and not containing added sp 52.441 109551 Essential oils, perfume and flavour materials 23.341 261784 Parts and accessories of the motor vehicles of groups 722, 781, 782 and 783 3.445 7.491541 Medicinal and pharmaceutical products, other than medicaments of group 542 1.741 1.825713 Internal combustion piston engines and parts thereof, n.e.s. 35 2.631

SITC Standard International Trade Classification Westbound

FROM Austria, Germnay, Italy TO CIS, China, Japan

Austria

Italy

Germany

data without oil, gas and coal


BKK | 81413(B) Land Bridgemarket: Thailand export partners

http://wallfive.com/dark-world-map.html

China23%

Japan19%US

18%

Hong Kong13%

Malaysia10%

Singapore9%

Indonesia8%

export land bridge: (%)China 23Hongkong 13Malaysia 10Singapure 9Total 55

CIA World Factbook(2011) Unless otherwise noted, information in this page is accurate as of February 21, 2013


BKK | 81413(B) Land Bridgemarket: Thailand import partners

http://wallfive.com/dark-world-map.html

Japan35%

China25%

UAE12%US11%

Malaysia10%

South Korea7%

import land bridge: (%)China 25Malaysia 10Total 35 CIA World Factbook(2011) Unless otherwise noted, information in this page is accurate as of February 21, 2013


BKK | 81413(B) Land Bridgeindustries: products made in Thailand

tourism, textiles and garments, agricultural processing, beverages, tobacco, cement, light manufacturing such as jewelry and electric appliances, computers and parts, integrated circuits, furniture, plastics, automobiles and automotive parts; world's second-largest tungsten producer and third-largesttin producer

Industries

rice, cassava (manioc), rubber, corn, sugarcane, coconuts, soybeans

Agricultureproducts

CIA World Factbook(2011) Unless otherwise noted, information in this page is accurate as of February 21, 2013


BKK | 81413(B) Land Bridgeindustries: potential product flows

textiles and footwear, fishery products, rice, rubber, jewelry, automobiles, computers and electrical appliances

Export commodities

capital goods, intermediate goods and raw materials, consumer goods, fuels

Import commodities

fruits and vegetable delivered by truck have a spoilage rate of 17-35%


BKK | 81413(B) Land Bridgeroutes: main rail routes

TH

Vienna

|----|BG-NG

|--|

|----|BG-NG

|--|

|----|BG-NG

|--|


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11,000km overland vs. 20,000km seaway18 20 days vs. 30 40 days1 climate zone vs. 3 climate zonesinland port to inland portrailway siding to railway siding vs. open sea port to open sea portone transport operator vs. road | rail | short sea | open sea

1,435mm track gauge

1,676mm track gauge

1,520mm track gauge

(B) Land Bridgeroutes: comparison


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European Transport Policy


BKK | 81413(C) European Transport PolicyFacts

In the EU the transport industry directly employs around 10 million people and accounts for about 5% of GDP.

EU transport still depends on oil and oil products for 96% of its energy needs

In 2010, the oil import bill was around 210 billion for the EU.

If we do not address this oil dependence, peoples ability to travel and our economic security could be severely impacted with dire consequences on inflation, trade balance and the overall competitiveness of the EU economy.

34,500 people were killed on EU roads in 2009

EC: white book 2011


BKK | 81413(C) European Transport PolicyFacts

In order to establish a single, multimodal network that integrates land, sea and air transport networks throughout the Union, the European policymakers decided to establish the trans-European transport

network, allowing goods and people to circulate quickly and easily between Member States and assuring international connections.

to establish international market-oriented Rail Freight Corridors to meet threechallenges:

strengthening co-operation between Infrastructure Managers on key aspectssuch as allocation of path, deployment of interoperable systems and infrastructure development;

striking the right balance between freight and passenger traffic along theRail Freight Corridors, giving adequate capacity and priority for freight in line withmarket needs and ensuring that common punctuality targets for freight trains aremet;

promoting intermodality between rail and other transport modes byintegrating terminals into the corridor management and development.

http://ec.europa.eu/transport/modes/rail/infrastructures/rail_freight_oriented_network_en.htm


BKK | 81413(C) European Transport PolicyTEN-T: Network

The EU 27 comprises 5,000,000 km of paved roads, out of which 65,100 km are motorways, 212,800 km of rail lines, out of which 110,458 km electrified, and 42,709 km of navigable inland waterways. The total investment on transport infrastructure during the period 2000-

2006 was 859 billion.

The cost of EU infrastructure development to match the demand fortransport has been estimated at over 1.5 trillion for 2010-2030.

The completion of the TEN-T network requires about 550 billion until 2020 out of which some 215 billion can be referred to the removal of the main bottlenecks.

http://ec.europa.eu/transport/modes/rail/infrastructures/rail_freight_oriented_network_en.htm


BKK | 81413

TEN T Priority Projects


BKK | 81413(C) European Transport PolicyPAN European corridors

Nr. Korridorverlauf Lnge (km)Helsinki (Finnland) Tallinn (Estland) Riga (Lettland) Kaunas (Litauen) Klaipda (Litauen) mit dem Ast A Riga Kaliningrad (Russland) Danzig (Polen)

IIBerlin (Deutschland) Posen (Polen) Warschau (Polen) Brest (Weirussland) Minsk (Weirussland) Smolensk (Russland) Moskau (Russland) Nischni Nowgorod (Russland)

1.830

Dresden (Deutschland) Mikowice (Polen) Breslau (Polen) Kattowitz (Polen) Krakau (Polen) mit dem Ast A Berlin MikowiceDresden (Deutschland) Prag (Tschechien) Brnn (Tschechien) Eisenbahn: Wien (sterreich) resp. Strae: Bratislava (Slowakei) Gyr (Ungarn) Budapest (Ungarn) Arad (Rumnien) Craiova (Rumnien) Sofia (Bulgarien) Plowdiw (Bulgarien) Swilengrad (Bulgarien) Edirne (Trkei) Istanbul mit den sten A Nrnberg (Deutschland) Prag, B Arad Bukarest (Rumnien) Constana (Rumnien), C Sofia Thessaloniki (Griechenland)Venedig (Italien) Triest (Italien) Koper (Slowenien) Ljubljana (Slowenien) Maribor (Slowenien) Budapest (Ungarn) Uschhorod (Ukraine) Lemberg (Ukraine) Kiew (Ukraine)(Kroatien) Zagreb (Kroatien) Becsehely (Ungarn) und C Ploe (Kroatien) Sarajevo (Bosnien und Herzegowina) Osijek (Kroatien) BudapestDanzig (Polen) Grudzidz (Polen) Toru (Polen) Zbrzydowice (Polen) ilina (Slowakei)Zbrzydowice Ostrava (Tschechien)Deutschland sterreich Bratislava (Slowakei) Gyr (Ungarn) Kroatien Serbien Russe (Bulgarien) Lom (Bulgarien) Constana (Rumnien)mit dem Ast A Bukarest (Rumnien) Moldawien UkraineDurrs (Albanien) Tirana (Albanien) Skopje (Mazedonien) Bitola (Mazedonien) Sofia (Bulgarien) Dimitrowgrad (Bulgarien) Burgas (Bulgarien)mit den sten A Durrs Bari (Italien) - Brindisi, B Durrs Tirana - Vlora, C Sofia - Plewen - Gorna Orjahowiza, D Burgas - Swilengrad - Ormenion (Griechenland), E Burgas -Warna (Bulgarien)Helsinki (Finnland) Wyborg (Russland) Sankt Petersburg (Russland) Pskow (Russland) Kiew (Ukraine) Ljubasewka (Ukraine) Chiinu (Moldawien) Bukarest (Rumnien) Russe - Weliko Tarnowo - Kasanlak - Stara Sagora - Dimitrowgrad (Bulgarien) - Chaskowo - Charmanli - Swilengrad - mit den sten A St. Petersburg Moskau (Russland) KiewB Ljubasewka Odessa (Ukraine), C Klaipda (Litauen) Kaunas (Litauen) Vilnius (Litauen) Minsk (WeD Kaliningrad (Russland) Kaunas, E Dimitrowgrad Swilengrad - Ormenion (Griechenland) AlexandroupSalzburg (sterreich) Villach (sterreich) Ljubljana (Slowenien) Zagreb (Kroatien) Belgrad (Serbien) Ni (Serbien) Skopje (Mazedonien) Veles (Mazedonien) Thessaloniki (Griechenland)mit den sten A Graz (sterreich) Maribor (Slowenien) Zagreb, B Budapest (Ungarn) Novi Sad C Ni Sofia (Bulgarien) (Korr. IV Istanbul) und D Veles (Mazedonien) Bitola (Mazedonien) Florina

X

2.360

IX

6.500

VII

VIII

1.300

VI 1.800

V

1.600

IV

3.258

III 1.640

I 550

In addition to the various TENs, there are ten Pan-European corridors, which are paths between major urban centresand ports, mainly in Eastern Europe, that have been identified as requiring major investment.


BKK | 81413(C) European Transport PolicyTEN-T: Austrian railway network

N

Length 6,300 km | 10,000 km (transport way connection | track kilometers)Electrified 3,327 km | 5,000 km (transport way connection | track kilometers)Track gauge 1,435 mmInfrastrucutre 296 Tunnels | 1,131 Stations | 4,000 Crossings | 6,700 Bridges |

17 TerminalsFleet 1,069 locos | 30,000 cargo wagons | 2,806 passengers wagon

Trains planned 14,800 p.a. | ad-hoc 17,000 p.a.Rides 7,000 p.d. | 2,150,000 p.a. (2/3 passengers and 1/3 cago)

Speed passengers max. 230 km/h and 120 km/h cargoOthers 9 railway companies, 10 infrastructure operators

Volume passengers 224 m. (190 m. suburban | 34 m. intercity)cargo 113 m. tons | 25,6 b. tkm

Punctuality 96.5%


BKK | 81413(C) European Transport PolicyTEN-T: ERA European Railway Agency

The European Railway Agency (ERA) based in Lille/Valenciennes, France, helps to build an integrated European railway area by reinforcing rail safety and promoting interoperability. Set up in 2006, ERA develops

common technical specifications and common approaches to safety, working closely with stakeholders from the rail sector as well as with

national authorities, the EU institutions and other interested parties. Featuring a dedicated Safety Unit, ERA also monitors and reports on

rail safety in the EU.

The European Railway Agency plays a central role in promoting interoperability and harmonising technical standards, strengthening cooperation between EU Member States and rail

stakeholders.

http://ec.europa.eu/transport/modes/rail/interoperability/index_en.htm


BKK | 81413(C) European Transport PolicyTEN-T: ERTMS European Rail Traffic Management System

ERTMS is a major industrial project being implementedby Europe, a project which will serve to make railtransport safer and more competitive.

One component of ERTMS, the European Train Control System (ETCS), guarantees a common standard that enables trains to cross national borders and enhances safety.

aims to ease the circulation of high-speed trains through thevarious train networks of the European Union.

The ETCS (European Train Control System). A train-based computer, the Eurocab, compares the speed of the train as transmitted from the track with the maximum permitted speed and slows down the train automatically if the latter is exceeded.

http://ec.europa.eu/transport/modes/rail/interoperability/ertms/


BKK | 81413(C) European Transport Policywhite book transport 2050

the goal of optimising the performance of multimodal logistic chains, including by making greater use of more energy-efficient modes to limitclimate change below 2C:

By 2030, the goal for transport will be to reduce GHG emissions to around 20% below their 2008 level

A reduction of at least 60% of GHGs by 2050 with respect to 1990 is requiredfrom the transport sector

30% of road freight over 300 km should shift to other modes such as rail orwaterborne transport by 2030, and more than 50% by 2050

By 2050, complete a European high-speed rail network. Triple the length of theexisting high-speed rail network by 2030 and maintain a dense railway network in all Member States. By 2050 the majority of medium-distance passenger transportshould go by rail.

Halve the use of conventionally-fuelled cars in urban transport by 2030; phasethem out in cities by 2050; achieve essentially CO2-free city logistics in majorurban centres by 2030


BKK | 81413

High Speed Rail


BKK | 81413(D) High Speed Railpotentials: interior

http://inhabitat.com/hassell-unveils-high-speed-rail-vehicle-inspired-by-1960s-muscle-car/

http://www.apetogentleman.com/products/friday-five-royal-warrant-shaving-concorde-train-back-shaver-v2-tree-hotel-and-old-is-gold-spice/

http://www.train-photos.com/picture/number14439.asphttp://www.hochgeschwindigkeitszuege.com/oesterreich/railjet-foto-galerie.php

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ICE2_Innen.JPG

http://de.bombardier.com

http://www.oebb.at


BKK | 81413(D) High Speed Railpotentials: train design


http://www.oebb.at

http://inhabitat.com/hassell-unveils-high-speed-rail-vehicle-inspired-by-1960s-muscle-car/

http://forcechange.com/1166/new-very-high-speed-train-goes-220-mph-and-has-no-centralized-engine/

http://www.dlr.de/dlr/desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-10467/740_read-916/#gallery/1829

AGV Alstomrailjet

twindexx

DLR NGT

Grna


BKK | 81413(D) High Speed Railpotentials: intermodal train design

http://www.bahnbilder.de/name/einzelbild/number/361302/kategorie/deutschland~e-loks~br-182-private.htmlhttp://karow900.startbilder.de/name/einzelbild/number/125635/kategorie/Privatunternehmen~ITL+Eisenbahn+GmbH~Diverse+Loks.htmlhttp://bahnbilder.warumdenn.net/14124.htmhttp://www.oe24.at/oesterreich/chronik/Zwei-Waggons-in-Villach-entgleist/12550192http://www.bahnbilder.de/bild/schweiz~bls-bern-loetschberg-simplon-bahn~lotschberg-sudrampe-hohenweg/579431/rollende-landstrasse-auf-dem-bietschtal-viadukt-aufnahme.html


BKK | 81413(D) High Speed Railpotentials: factors affecting modal choice

Greening of the supply chainFluctuating fuel price

Railroad operational strategiesImproved energy efficiency


BKK | 81413(D) High Speed Railpotentials: modal split

Modal split of freight transport % in total inland freight tonne-kmThis indicator is defined as the percentage share of each mode of transport in total inland transport expressed in tonne-kilometres (tkm).

Eurostat 2013: http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/tgm/refreshTableAction.do?tab=table&plugin=1&pcode=tsdtr220&language=en

Road transport is based on all movements of vehicles registered in the reporting country. Rail and Inland waterways transport is generally based on movements on national territory, regardless of the nationality of the vehicle or vessel,

but there are some variations in definitions from country to country.

Railways18,8%

Roads74,8%

Inland waterways6,4%Railways

18,4%

Roads75,4%

Inland waterways6,2%

Railways2,3%

Roads83,7%

Waterways14,0%

2001 2011 2012


BKK | 81413(D) High Speed Railpotentials: connecting Thailand

2018 phase 1: 12,988,798 people 4,707,873 people excl. BKK

2022 phase 2: 16,001,952 people 7,721,027 people excl. BKK

Rising middle class and commuters as potential customers

Connecting Laos, Malaysia and Singapore:

23,695,124 people 15,414,199 people excl. BKK

Connecting Thailand to Asia and Europe

2

Kuala LumpurSingapore

1

1

1

1

32

Beijing

1

3

3Vientiane

2


BKK | 81413(D) High Speed Railpotentials: cargo & passengers on one network

DAYTIME passengers

NIGHTTIME cargo


BKK | 81413(D) High Speed Railpotentials: cargo & passengers on one network

standard passenger and cargo trainequipment

terminals for cargo handling lower speed (120 to 160 km/h) more capacity (economies of scale) Safer processes because of

decoupling cargo and passengerhandling

shorter travelling time for passengertrains

smoothed network utilization (dayand night)

high speed light cargo can also goby passenger trains

complete transport system(intermodal transport)

special rolling stock special loading units or paletts (e.g.

Euro Palett) special equipment for loading and

unloading of cargo (e.g. Forklift) special platforms and storage

facilities for non-synchronizeddelivery and picking (passengersand cargo)

schedule considering loading and unloading of cargo at stations

longer travelling time for passengersdue to loading and unloading

logistics concept for first and last mile

high speed light cargo (e.g. newspapers, electronic parts)

Dedicated passenger and cargo trainsMixed passenger and cargo trains



BKK | 81413(D) High Speed Railcomparison of transport modes: volume

Comics (2013): ECT European Gateway Services


BKK | 81413(D) High Speed Railcomparison of transport modes: routes

11.000 km overland vs. 20.000 km seaway18 20 days vs. 30 40 days1 climate zone vs. 3 climate zonesinland port to inland portrailway siding to railway siding vs. open sea port to open sea portone transport operator vs. road | rail | short sea | open sea

Hungrail, Masoczi Laslo, 2013


BKK | 81413(D) High Speed Railcomparison of transport modes: capital lockup

value of goods per container: 70,000 EUROinterest per year: 3,500 EUROinterest per day: 9.6 EURO

18 days: 172 EURO

40 days: 384 EURO

EURO

TRAVEL TIME

18 days 40 days

172 EURO

384 EURO


BKK | 81413(D) High Speed Railcomparison of transport modes

SPEED Shunting and

priority of passengers

FLEXIBILITY Fixed schedulesDOOR-to-DOOR Network densityNETWORK ACCESS Stations and

terminalsCOST High infrastructure

costECONOMIC

BARRIER Distance dependent

PROMPTNESS Block- and

DirecttrainsPREDICTABILITY SchedulesSAFETY and

SECURITY High standards for

dangerous goodsFREQUENCY No ban on drivingPRIZE Economies of scaleENVIRONMENT >= 30% less GHG

road >= 70% less GHG air

CONSPROS

RAIL

Kille, C., Schmidt, N. (2008): Wirtschaftliche Rahmenbedingungen des Gterverkehrs, Studie zum Vergleich der Verkehrstrger im Rahmen des Logistikprozesses in Deutschland, Fraunhofer IRB Verlag.

SMALL ENTERPRISESTRUCTURE of

TRANSPORTINDUSTRY communication and

integration into supplychains is difficult

SUB-CONTRATOR STRUCTURE Complex management

structureSAFETY and SECURITY Theft, accidents and

fatalitiesEXTERNAL COSTS 5 times higher than

IWW (1,000 tkm) 2 times higher than rail

(1,000 tkm)

SPEED 50 to 80 km/h 36 avg.DOOR-to-DOOR Existing roadnetworkCONNECTIVITY High networkdensityFLEXIBILITY Different trucksINFRASTRUCTURE COST Road transportdoes not cover itscorresponding costs therefore it ischeap compared to other transportmodes

CONSPROS

ROAD



SPEED Shunting and




costECONOMIC







CONSPROS

RAIL


NETWORK & DOOR-to-DOOR Special loading

units, fixed hubsHEAVY and

VOLUMINOUS CARGO

Too expensive and space restrictions

PRIZE 1 ton is up 1,400

Euro

SPEED Very highPUNCTUALITY Determined by slotsSAFETY AND

SECURITY Low insurance cost FLEXIBILITY Fast response to

market needsCAPITAL LOCKUP Short transit time

CONSPROS

AIR



SPEED Shunting and




costECONOMIC







CONSPROS

RAIL


SPEED 30 to 40 days

deep sea + last mile

INLAND NETWORK

Transhipment isneeded

FREQUENCY Fixed schedules

VOLUME 70 to 95% of global

tradeNETWORK ISO container is

worldwide availableSAFETY AND

SECURITY High due to fixed

relationCOST 1,000 Euro west to

east 2,000 Euro east to

west

CONSPROS

DEEP SEA SHIPPING



SPEED Shunting and




costECONOMIC







CONSPROS

RAIL


TRANSIT TIME locks, priority of

passengers, 6 km/hFREQUENCY less departuresINFRASTRUCTURE Bridges and water levelDEPENDENCY ON

WEATHER low and high water, ice

etc.COST Transhipment,

prehaulage and endhaulage

NO DRIVING BAN

possible to goall time

CAPACITY High capacityENERGY low energy

cost per tkmEXTERNAL

COST lowest

external costcompared to other transportmodes

ENVIRONMENT low noise

emissions

CONSPROS

INLAND WATERWAYS IWW



SPEED Shunting and




costECONOMIC







CONSPROS

RAIL


SPEED Requires

transhipment, prehaulage and endhaulage

INLAND NETWORK Transhipment is

neededTRANSPORT

PROCEDURE many processesACTORS Many actors involved

NETWORK & DOOR-to-DOOR

combination of railand road offersdense network

BUNDLING Different flows of

customers and destinations canbe combined

INFRASTRUCTURE long distance rail

and short distance truck

ENVIRONMENT Bundling of flows

and combinationof strong transportmodes

CONSPROS

COMBINED TRANSPORT


BKK | 81413(D) High Speed Railproducts: rail and high speed rail

Wirtschaftliche Rahmenbedingungen Gterverkehr 70

Many actors, small whole salemarket small shipping units

FurniturePaper

Many actors, whole salemarket

ToysOver night transport of newspapers

Publishingand Printing

AutomotiveTimber

Small shipping units

Lead time, temperature control, door-to-door network



MedicalTechnology

Electronic and Computers

Manufacturing

Metal products

Metal production

Glass

Rubber

Chemicals

Mineral oil

Special handlingMining

Small shipping units, high flexibility

Fishery

Forestry

Small shipping units, door-to-door network, fast response

Textile

Tobacco

Food

High value, low tonnage, smallshipping units, special handling

Leather

Prehaulage for deep seashipping, fast response

Clothing

Agriculture


BKK | 81413(D) High Speed Railproducts: parcel delivery

http://www.wz-newsline.de/lokales/kreis-mettmann/wulfrath/wuelfrath-diese-paket-station-ist-rund-um-die-uhr-geoeffnet-1.145457http://www.techstagram.com/2013/05/04/internet-paul-miller/http://www.zdnet.com/blog/btl/78-of-adults-believe-internet-access-a-fundamental-right-50-want-no-regulation/31649http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Distribution_differences.jpghttp://www.dpd.lv/en/main/shipping/shipping_in_general/packinghttp://heavypedals.at/

parcel | package delivery high value low weight (max up to 31.5 kg) low to medium volume (10 x 15 cm up to max 200 cm) 24 hour delivery individual shipments BUT great number of orders by region, city etc

regional consolidation by rail local distribution by cargo bike or light truck regional consolidation by rail


BKK | 81413(D) High Speed Railstrengths, barriers and solutions

STRENGTHS Working capital saving Short lead time High volume transport Safe transport Reliable and Predictable transit

times Provide new jobs Reduce dependence on oil Environmental friendly Sustainable and reliable product Intermodal transport = door-to-door

transportSOLUTIONS

Civil society integration/governance Safe, reliable door-to-door network and logistics concept

Common information technology and space Dedicated cargo trains

Multimodal infrastructure Coordinated governance

Electronic way bill and custom declaration Coordinated Cross-border schedules, Common train control system, transport

regulations and documents

BARRIERS Commercial effort and market price

(accpetance civil society) Lack of customer commitment Market intelligence Right choice of partners Low level of information transparency

between railway companies Preparation and investment needed Organization of processes Identification of return flows Cross-border Interoperability (train control

system, customs)


BKK | 81413(D) High Speed Raillessons learned & conclusion

Uniform rolling stock for long distance and regional transport (CH) raises flexibility Next generation of high speed trains will be double stack trains multipurpose use High speed trains max up to 250 km/h else extremely expensive Dedicated Cargo trains with maximum speed of 120km/h to 160km/h raises utilization Dedicated infrastructure (cargo) is extremely expensive

A to B: consider the complete transport system: Hub and spoke system, milkruns raisesconnectivity

Connectivity & Reliability are critical success factors Synchronized Time tabels/schedules shorter transit times Systems and system integration raises interoperability High speed trains requrie automated train control systems visual driving is not possible/safe!

International financing by world bank, WTO, foreign direct investment requires more than high speedrail value added to all people, green/sustainable transport

Coordinated governance to guarantee cross-border interoperability (Laos, Malysia, China etc.) and train operation coordination raises interoperability

Rail = mass transport mode, rising middle class and commuters Railway transport has to be affordable not exclusive - raises number of potential customers Civil society integration during the planning phase (railway infrastructure is expensive people

want to know what happens with their money) - strengthens acceptance

multifunctional infrastructure + multipurpose rolling stock

door-to-door system view + modern control system

sustainable solution = green transport + cross border coordination

value added to all people = affordable + integration


BKK | 81413

Intermodal Transport & High Speed Rail

INDEPENDENCE of fossil fuels SAFE + GREEN transport of people and

cargo


consignor

terminal

consignee

vessel/open seaM2

truck / road

train / rail


M3

M4

P1P2

E1

E2

port, airport

vessel/open sea

aircraft/airway

P3

shunting

terminal

shunting

shunting shunting

M1

M3

TN TN

RELIABLE transit times COMPETITIVE transport system

CONNECTIVE infrastructure NETWORK coverage

INTERMODAL transport INTEROPERABLE system


BKK | 81413

http://www.dlr.de/dlr/desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-10467/740_read-916/#gallery/1829

University of Natural Resources and Lifes Sciences, ViennaFeistmantelstreet 4

1180 ViennaAustria | EU

h2 projekt.beratung KGObere Viaduktgasse 10/7

1030 ViennaAustria | EU

Mag. Martin Posset

phone 0043 676 50 16 506mail [email protected]

[email protected]@h2pro.at

mcp bkk 81413 intermodal transport v1

Documents

europe bkk

transport networks

t white book transport

heating tank container

look like

canvas overheight cargo

european point of view

semi trailerpocket wagonhttp