Matter – Properties Matter – Properties and Changesand Changes

Chap. 3Chap. 3Chap. 3Chap. 3

Can you think Can you think of anything of anything that is pure?that is pure?

Can you think Can you think of anything of anything that is pure?that is pure?

I.I. SubstanceSubstance

(Pure) Substance (Pure) Substance

Matter that has a constant, unchanging composition

Matter that has a constant, unchanging composition

I.I. SubstanceSubstance

II.II. Properties of matterProperties of matter

I.I. SubstanceSubstance

II.II. Properties of matterProperties of matter

A.A. Extensive vs. IntensiveExtensive vs. Intensive

Extensive Extensive PropertyProperty

Intensive Intensive PropertyProperty

Extensive Extensive PropertyProperty

Depends on amount of substanceDepends on amount of substance

Intensive Intensive PropertyProperty

Extensive Extensive PropertyProperty

Depends on amount of substanceDepends on amount of substance

Intensive Intensive PropertyProperty

Ex.mass, length, volume,

Ex.mass, length, volume,

Extensive Extensive PropertyProperty

Depends on amount of substanceDepends on amount of substance

Intensive Intensive PropertyProperty

Independent of the amount of substance

Independent of the amount of substance

Ex.mass, length, volume,

Ex.mass, length, volume,

Extensive Extensive PropertyProperty

Depends on amount of substanceDepends on amount of substance

Intensive Intensive PropertyProperty

Independent of the amount of substance

Independent of the amount of substance

Ex.mass, length, volume,

Ex.mass, length, volume,

Ex.density, boiling point, color

Ex.density, boiling point, color

I.I. SubstanceSubstance

II.II. Properties of MatterProperties of Matter

A.A. Extensive vs. IntensiveExtensive vs. Intensive

B.B. Physical vs. ChemicalPhysical vs. Chemical

Physical Physical PropertyProperty

Chemical Chemical PropertyProperty

Physical Physical PropertyProperty

Property that can be observed without altering composition

Property that can be observed without altering composition

Chemical Chemical PropertyProperty

Physical Physical PropertyProperty

Property that can be observed without altering composition

Property that can be observed without altering composition

Chemical Chemical PropertyProperty

Ex.color, state, BP, density

Ex.color, state, BP, density

Physical Physical PropertyProperty

Property that can be observed without altering composition

Property that can be observed without altering composition

Chemical Chemical PropertyProperty

Property that when measured alters a substance

Property that when measured alters a substance

Ex.color, state, BP, density

Ex.color, state, BP, density

Physical Physical PropertyProperty

Property that can be observed without altering composition

Property that can be observed without altering composition

Chemical Chemical PropertyProperty

Property that when measured alters a substance

Property that when measured alters a substance

Ex.color, state, BP, density

Ex.color, state, BP, density

Ex.Oxidizing ability, reactivity

Ex.Oxidizing ability, reactivity

I.I. SubstanceSubstance

II.II. Properties of MatterProperties of Matter

A.A. Extensive vs. IntensiveExtensive vs. Intensive

B.B. Physical vs. ChemicalPhysical vs. Chemical

C.C. StateState

Three States of MatterThree States of Matter

Three States of MatterThree States of Matter

1.1. SolidSolid

2.2. LiquidLiquid

3.3. GasGas

I.I. SubstanceSubstance

II.II. Properties of MatterProperties of Matter

III.III. Changes in MatterChanges in Matter

I.I. SubstanceSubstance

II.II. Properties of MatterProperties of Matter

III.III. Changes in MatterChanges in MatterA.A. Physical vs. ChemicalPhysical vs. Chemical

Physical Physical ChangeChange

Change in macro-scopic structure without altering composition

Change in macro-scopic structure without altering composition

Chemical Chemical ChangeChange

Physical Physical ChangeChange

Change in macro-scopic structure without altering composition

Change in macro-scopic structure without altering composition

Chemical Chemical ChangeChange

Ex.Crush, cut, grind, phase change

Ex.Crush, cut, grind, phase change

Physical Physical ChangeChange

Change in macro-scopic structure without altering composition

Change in macro-scopic structure without altering composition

Chemical Chemical ChangeChange

Ex.Crush, cut, grind, phase change

Ex.Crush, cut, grind, phase change

Change that alters composition of substance

Change that alters composition of substance

Physical Physical ChangeChange

Change in macro-scopic structure without altering composition

Change in macro-scopic structure without altering composition

Chemical Chemical ChangeChange

Ex.Crush, cut, grind, phase change

Ex.Crush, cut, grind, phase change

Ex.Corrode, explode, oxidize, burn

Ex.Corrode, explode, oxidize, burn

Change that alters composition of substance

Change that alters composition of substance

I.I. SubstanceSubstance

II.II. Properties of MatterProperties of Matter

III.III. Changes in MatterChanges in MatterA.A. Physical vs. ChemicalPhysical vs. Chemical

B.B. Conservation of MassConservation of Mass

Conservation of MassConservation of Mass

MassMassreactantsreactants = Mass = Massproductsproducts

Self Check – Ex. 1Self Check – Ex. 1

A 22.8-g sample of water is A 22.8-g sample of water is decomposed. It produces decomposed. It produces 2.6-g of hydrogen. What 2.6-g of hydrogen. What mass of oxygen is formed?mass of oxygen is formed?

Self Check – Ex. 1Self Check – Ex. 1

A 22.8-g sample of water is A 22.8-g sample of water is decomposed. It produces decomposed. It produces 2.6-g of hydrogen. What 2.6-g of hydrogen. What mass of oxygen is formed?mass of oxygen is formed?

MMoxygenoxygen = 20.6 g = 20.6 g

IV.IV. MixturesMixtures

A.A. Homogenous vs. Homogenous vs. HeterogeneousHeterogeneous

MixtureMixture

Combination of two or more pure substancesCombination of two or more pure substances

IV.IV. MixturesMixtures

A.A. Homogenous vs. Homogenous vs. HeterogeneousHeterogeneous

Homogeneous Homogeneous MixtureMixture

has the same composition throughout.

has the same composition throughout.

Heterogeneous Heterogeneous MixtureMixture

Homogeneous Homogeneous MixtureMixture

has the same composition throughout.

has the same composition throughout.

Ex.gatorade, radiator fluid, saltwater

Ex.gatorade, radiator fluid, saltwater

Heterogeneous Heterogeneous MixtureMixture

Homogeneous Homogeneous MixtureMixture

has the same composition throughout.

has the same composition throughout.

Ex.gatorade, radiator fluid, saltwater

Ex.gatorade, radiator fluid, saltwater

mixture with visibly different parts.

mixture with visibly different parts.

Heterogeneous Heterogeneous MixtureMixture

Homogeneous Homogeneous MixtureMixture

has the same composition throughout.

has the same composition throughout.

Ex.gatorade, radiator fluid, saltwater

Ex.gatorade, radiator fluid, saltwater

Ex.salad, root beer float, sandy water

Ex.salad, root beer float, sandy water

mixture with visibly different parts.

mixture with visibly different parts.

Heterogeneous Heterogeneous MixtureMixture

Homogenous MixtureHomogenous Mixture

= =

SolutionSolution

some other solutionssome other solutions

• gas in gas – air

• gas in liquid – carbonated drink

• liquid in gas – water droplets in air

• solid in solid – alloy

• gas in gas – air

• gas in liquid – carbonated drink

• liquid in gas – water droplets in air

• solid in solid – alloy

IV.IV. MixturesMixtures

B.B. SeparatingSeparating

IV.IV. MixturesMixtures

B.B. SeparatingSeparating

1.1. filtrationfiltration

IV.IV. MixturesMixtures

B.B. SeparatingSeparating

1.1. filtrationfiltration

2.2. distillationdistillation

IV.IV. MixturesMixtures

B.B. SeparatingSeparating

1.1. filtrationfiltration

2.2. distillationdistillation

3.3. crystallizationcrystallization

IV.IV. MixturesMixtures

B.B. SeparatingSeparating

1.1. filtrationfiltration

2.2. distillationdistillation

3.3. crystallizationcrystallization

4.4. chromatographychromatography

Self Check – Ex. 2Self Check – Ex. 2

A mixture of salt, sand and A mixture of salt, sand and water is created. How can water is created. How can you recover the sand and you recover the sand and salt?salt?

Self Check – Ex. 3Self Check – Ex. 3

A mixture of red dye is A mixture of red dye is placed in water. How can placed in water. How can this mixture be separated?this mixture be separated?

V.V. Elements & CompoundsElements & Compounds

A.A. ElementElement

ElementElement

Pure substance that can’t be broken down by physical or chemical means

Pure substance that can’t be broken down by physical or chemical means

elementselements

• organized on periodic table

• about 100 elements (90 occur naturally)

• they aren’t equally abundant

• abbreviated with 1 or 2 letter symbols

• organized on periodic table

• about 100 elements (90 occur naturally)

• they aren’t equally abundant

• abbreviated with 1 or 2 letter symbols

V.V. Elements & CompoundsElements & Compounds

A.A. ElementElement

B.B. CompoundCompound

CompoundCompound

Combination of two or more elementsCombination of two or more elements

compoundscompounds

• over 10 million and increasing

• can be decomposed into elements

• chemical formulas show which elements compose compounds

• over 10 million and increasing

• can be decomposed into elements

• chemical formulas show which elements compose compounds

VI.VI. Laws of the CompoundsLaws of the Compounds

A.A. Law of Constant Law of Constant CompositionComposition

Law of Constant Law of Constant CompositionComposition

Every sample of a given Every sample of a given compound contains the same compound contains the same mass ratio of elements.mass ratio of elements.

Self Check – Ex. 4Self Check – Ex. 4

IDID CarbonCarbon OxygenOxygen C:O ratioC:O ratio

A 1.56 g 2.07 g

B 2.25 g 2.99 g

Are compounds A and B the Are compounds A and B the same substance?same substance?

Self Check – Ex. 4Self Check – Ex. 4

Are compound A and B the Are compound A and B the same substance?same substance? Yes – they have the

same C:O ratio.

IDID CarbonCarbon OxygenOxygen C:O ratioC:O ratio

A 1.56 g 2.07 g 1.33

B 2.25 g 2.99 g 1.33

VI.VI. Laws of the CompoundsLaws of the Compounds

A.A. Law of Constant Law of Constant CompositionComposition

B.B. Law of Multiple Law of Multiple ProportionsProportions

Law of Multiple Law of Multiple ProportionsProportions

The ratio of mass ratios for The ratio of mass ratios for the elements in two different the elements in two different compounds will be a whole compounds will be a whole numbernumber

Self Check – Ex. 5Self Check – Ex. 5

Compound C is NCompound C is N22O. Suggest a O. Suggest a

formula for compound D?formula for compound D?

IDID NitrogenNitrogen OxygenOxygen N:O ratioN:O ratio

C 15.02 g 8.58 g

D 5.48 g 6.26 g

N2O

Self Check – Ex. 5Self Check – Ex. 5

IDID NitrogenNitrogen OxygenOxygen N:O ratioN:O ratio

C 15.02 g 8.58 g 1.75

D 5.48 g 6.26 g 0.875

Compound B has half the nitrogen. Could be NO (nitrogen monoxide).

The End