Chapter 21. The settlement founded in the early 1600s that was most important for future of the

U.S. was Jamestown.2. Spain’s dream of an empire began to fade with the defeat of the Spanish Armada.3. The first successful English attempted colonization in 1585 was in Roanoke Island.4. England’s defeat of the Spanish Armada helped to ensure England’s naval

dominance in the North Atlantic.5. Drake- sea dog; Walter Raleigh- colony at Roanoke vanished; Humphrey Gilbert-

failed to make colony in Newfoundland.6. Chronological order:

a. Reformationb. Defeat of Spanish Armadac. Founding of Jamestown colonyd. Restoratione. Colony of Georgia Founded

7. On the eve of its colonizing adventure, England possessed a sense of nationalism.8. The financial means for England’s first permanent colonization in America were

provided by joint-stock companies.9. The early years at Jamestown were mainly characterized by starvation, disease, and

frequent Indian raids.10. Captain John Smith’s role at Jamestown can best be described as saving the colony

from collapse.11. Chief Powhatan had Captain John Smith kidnapped to impress Smith with his

power and show the Indian’s desire for peace.12. The biggest disrupter of Native American life was disease.13. A major reason for the founding of Maryland in 1654 was to create refuge for

Catholics.14. In 1645 Maryland’s act of toleration guaranteed toleration to all Christians.15. The statutes governing slavery in North American colonies originated in Barbados.16. The colony of Georgia was founded as a defensive buffer for the Carolinas.17. Virginia, Maryland, the Carolinas, and Georgia were similar because they all

depended on the export of a stable crop.18. By 1750, all southern plantation colonies ALL OF THE ABOVE.19. Chronological founding of: Virginia, Maryland, Carolinas, Georgia.20. The attitude of Carolinians toward Indians can best be described as hostile.

Chapter 31. Henry VIII aided the entrance of Protestant beliefs into England when he broke

England’s ties with the Catholic Church.2. The separatists migrated from Holland to the New World in order to avoid

Dutchification of their children.3. Match each colony on the left with its associated item.

a. General court- Massachusetts Bayb. Mayflower Compact- Plymouthc. Fundamental Orders- Connecticutd. Patroonships- New Netherland

4. The Mayflower Compact can be best described as a promising step toward genuine self-government.

5. The leader that helped the pilgrims survive was William Bradford.6. According to Anne Hutchinson, a dissenter in Massachusetts Bay, the truly saved

need not bother to obey the laws of God or man.7. As the founder of Rhode Island, Roger Williams established complete religious

freedom for all.8. Unlike other English voyagers to the New World, the Puritans transplanted entire

communities.9. King Philip’s War resulted in the lasting defeat of New England’s Indians.10. During the early years of colonization in the New World, England paid little

attention to its colonies.11. As a result of England’s Glorious Revolution, the dominion of the New World

collapsed.12. New York was originally founded by the Dutch.13. The Dutch colony of New Netherland (later New York) was established for its

quick profit of fur trading.14. When the English gained control over New Netherlands, the autocratic spirit

survived.15. Cultural contributions the Dutch made to America include all of the following except

soccer. (Included Easter Eggs, Santa Clause, Sauerkraut, and skating)16. Indian Policy in early Pennsylvania can best be described as benevolent.17. Arrange the following events in chronological order (already done here):

a. Protestant Reformationb. Founding of Plymouth colonyc. Great Puritan migrationd. Founding of Rhode Island

18. Chronological order:a. Plymouth, Massachusetts Bay, New York, Pennsylvania

19. New York and Pennsylvania were similar in that they both had ethnically mixed populations.

20. Economically the colony of Pennsylvania became profitable very quickly.

Chapter 71. During the seventeenth century, America established the precedent of being involved

in every world war since 1688.2. The one valuable resource in New France was beavers.3. The primary economic pursuit of early settlers in New France was fur trapping.4. The French wanted to control Louisiana because they would then control the mouth

of the Mississippi.5. The clash between Britain and France for control of the North American continent

sprang from their rivalry for the control of the Ohio River Valley.6. In his first Military Command in the French and Indian War, George Washington was

defeated at Fort Necessity but allowed to retreat.7. The Seven Years’ War was also known in America as the French and Indian War.8. In the colonial wars before 1754, Americans demonstrated an astonishing lack of

unity.9. Unlike the first three Anglo-French wars, the Seven Years’ War was fought initially

on the North American continent.10. Place the following in chronological order (already done here):

a. George Washington surrenders Fort Necessityb. General Edward Braddock is defeated near Fort Duquesnec. British troops capture Louisburg in their first significant victory of the

French and Indian Ward. General James Wolfe’s army defeats Montcalm’s on the Plains of

Abraham11. The 1759 Battle of Quebec ranks as one of the most significant victories in British

and American history.12. In the peace arrangements that ended the Seven Years’ War, France surrendered all

of its territorial claims to North America.13. As a result of the Seven Years’ War, Great Britain became the dominant power in

North America.14. For the American Colonies, the Seven Years’ War ended the myth of British

invincibility.15. With the end of the Seven Years’ War, the disunity, jealousy, and suspicion that had

long existed in the American colonies began to melt somewhat.16. The isolation of Louisiana’s Cajun Communities ended with bridge buildings in the

1930s.17. When the Acadians left Canada, they went to Louisiana.18. France had to give up its vision of a North American New France when it was

defeated by the British in 1713 and 1763.19. The primary thing that the Acadians and Quebecois believed that bound them

together was the French language.20. In a sense, the history of the United States began with the fall of Quebec and

Montreal.21. The Proclamation of 1763 prohibited colonial settlement west of the Appalachian

Mountains.

New Questions from Unit 1 Exam1. When it came to the Revolution, it could be said that the American colonies were

reluctant revolutionaries.2. The first Navigation Laws were designed to eliminate Dutch shippers from the

American ship trade.3. Colonists objected to the Stamp Act because Parliament passed the tax, not the

colonists.4. Arrange the following in chronological order (already done here):

a. Townshend Actsb. Boston Massacrec. Tea Actd. Intolerable Acts

5. The New England Confederation regarded Dutch New Netherland as an enemy to be wiped out.

6. The greatest internal conflict in America occurred in the middle colonies.7. The soldier and explorer called “Father of New France” was named Samuel de

Champlain.8. The Jesuits played a vital role because of their exploration and work as

geographers.9. French motives in the New World included desire to compete with Spain for empire

in America.10. The long range purpose of the Albany Congress was to achieve colonial unity and

common defense against the French threat.11. The British invasion of Canada during the Seven Years’ War ended in defeat.12. The change in Colonial policy by the British government that helped precipitate the

American Revolution was compelling America to shoulder some of the cost of the empire.

13. Match each of the following correctly (already done here):a. Sugar Act- 1st British law intended to raise revenuesb. Stamp Act- generated the most protest in the coloniesc. Declaratory Act- asserted Parliament’s power over colonies

14. Unlike the Stamp Act, the Sugar Act and Townshend Acts were both indirect taxes on trade goods arriving in American ports.

15. Passage of the Sugar Act and the Stamp Act convinced many colonists that the British were trying to take away their historic liberty.

16. Match each individual with the correct description (already done here)a. Crispus Attucks- a casualty of the Boston Massacreb. John Adams- a Massachusetts politician who opposed the moderates’

solution to the imperial crisis at the First Continental Congressc. Samuel Adams- A pamphleteer who first organized committees to

exchange ideas and information on resisting British policy.17. Arrange the following events in chronological order (already done here)

a. Boston Tea Partyb. Quebec Actc. Meeting of the First Continental Congressd. Clash at Lexington and Concord

18. As the move for independence began, Britain had the advantage of overwhelming national wealth and naval power.

Chapter 81. Perhaps the most important single action of the Second Continental Congress was to

select George Washington to head the army.2. Arrange the following in chronological order (already done here):

a. Fighting at Lexington and Concordb. Convening of the Second Continental Congressc. Publication of Common Sensed. Adoption of the Declaration of Independence

3. As commander of America’s Revolutionary army, George Washington exhibited all of the following except military genius. (He did show courage, sense of justice, moral force, and patience)

4. King George III officially declared the colonies in rebellion just after the Battle of Bunker Hill.

5. One purpose of the Declaration of Independence was to explain to the rest of the world why the colonies had revolted.

6. In late 1776 and early 1777, George Washington helped restore confidence in America’s military by defeating the Hessians at Trenton.

7. Like many revolutions, the American Revolution was a minority movement.8. Thomas Paine’s pamphlet Common Sense called for American independence and

the creation of a democratic republic.9. Matching:

a. William Howe- Long Islandb. John Burgoyne- Saratogac. Charles Cornwallis- Yorktown

10. Arrange these battles in chronological order (already done here)a. Long Islandb. Trentonc. Saratogad. Charleston

11. The Battle of Saratoga was a key victory for the Americas because it brought the colonists much-needed aid and a formal alliance with France.

12. France came to America’s aid in the revolution because it wanted revenge against the British.

13. The commander of French Troops in America was Rochambeau.14. Shortly after French troops arrived in America, the resulting improvement in morale

staggered when General Benedict Arnold turned traitor.15. Some Indian nations joined the British in the Revolutionary War because they

believed a British victory would restrain American expansion into the West.16. After the British defeat at Yorktown, the fighting continued for more than a year.17. Britain gave America generous terms in the Treaty of Paris because British leaders

were trying to persuade America to abandon its alliance with France.18. In 1775, once fighting between the colonies and Great Britain began, all the colonists

affirmed their loyalty to the King.19. In a republic, power comes from the people themselves.20. Americans who opposed independence for the colonies were labeled Loyalists or

Tories, and the independence-seeking Patriots were also known as Whigs.

Chapter 91. The American Revolution was an example of accelerated evolution rather than

outright revolution.2. The Founding Fathers failed to eliminate slavery because a fight over slavery might

destroy national unity.3. As a means of ensuring that legislatures stay in touch with the mood of the people,

state constitutions required annual elections of legislators.4. Immediately after the revolution, a new American nation’s greatest strength lay in its

excellent political leadership.5. The Articles of Confederation were finally approved when all states claiming

western lands surrendered them to national governments.6. The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 established a procedure for governing the Old

Northwest Territory.7. After the Revolutionary War, both Britain and Spain prevented America from

exercising effective control over about half of its total territory.8. Shay’s rebellion was provoked by foreclosures on the mortgages of back country

farmers.9. Under the Articles of Confederation, the relationship between the 13 states convinced

many that a stronger central government was needed.10. By the time the Constitution was adopted in 1789, prosperity was beginning to

return.11. The Constitutional Convention was called to revise the Articles of Confederation.12. Which of the Revolutionary leaders were not present at the Constitutional

Confederation? Thomas Jefferson.13. The Great Compromise of the Constitutional Convention worked out an acceptable

scheme for appointing Congressional representation.14. Under the Constitution, the President of the United States was to be elected by a

majority vote of the Electoral College.15. The Constitutional Convention addressed the North-South controversy over slavery

through the three-fifths compromise.16. By their actions, the delegates to the Constitutional Convention manifested their

common belief in all except manhood-suffrage democracy.17. The one branch of the government elected directly through the people is the House of

Representatives.18. The delegates at the Constitutional Convention stipulated that the new Constitution be

ratified by state convention.19. Probably the most alarming characteristic of the New Constitution to those who

opposed it was the absence of a bill of rights.20. One of the enduring paradoxes of American History is that both liberals and

conservatives have championed the heritage of democratic revolution.

Chapter 101. Match the individual with his office in the new government (already done here):

a. Thomas Jefferson- Secretary of Stateb. Alexander Hamilton- Secretary of Treasuryc. Henry Knox- Secretary of War

2. One of the major criticisms of the Constitution as drafted in Philadelphia was that it did not provide guarantees for individual rights.

3. The Bill of Rights was intended to protect individual liberties against the potential tyranny of a strong central government.

4. Alexander Hamilton’s financial plan for the economic development of the United States favored the wealthier class.

5. Alexander Hamilton believed that a limited national debt was beneficial, because people to whom the government owed money would work hard to make the nation a success.

6. The Whiskey Rebellion of 1794 arose in southwestern Pennsylvania when the federal government levied an excise tax on whiskey.

7. Match each political leader with his positions on public policy in the 1790s (already done here)

a. Hamiltoni. Privileges for upper class

ii. Pro-Britishiii. Potent central governmentiv. Government support for business

b. Jeffersoni. Sympathy for the common people

ii. Pay off national debtiii. Pro-Frenchiv. Universal Education

8. When the French Revolution developed into a war with Britain, George Washington and the American Government remained neutral.

9. The United States acquired free navigation of the Mississippi river in the Pinckney Treaty.

10. One of George Washington’s major contributions as president was keeping the nation out of foreign wars.

11. Washington’s Farewell Address in 1796 warned against the dangers of permanent foreign alliances.

12. Foreign relations between the United States and France deteriorated in the late 1790s over French seizure of American merchant ships.

13. The immediate cause of the undeclared war between the U.S. and France was the XYZ affair.

14. The Virginia and Kentucky resolutions were written in response to the Alien and Sedition Acts.

15. Hamiltonian Federalists advocated a strong central government.16. Thomas Jefferson appealed to all of the following except the upper class (NOT

small shopkeepers, the middle class, artisans, or the underprivileged)

17. To the Jeffersonian Republicans, the “ideal” citizen of a republic was an independent farmer.

18. Thomas Jefferson favored a political system in which the states retained the majority of political power.

19. Jeffersonians believed in all of the following except every adult white male’s right to vote.

20. One of the first jobs facing the new government formed under the constitution was to draw up and pass a bill of rights.

New Questions from Unit 2 Exam1. The Olive Branch Petition professed American loyalty to the crown.2. The colonists delayed declaring their independence until July 4, 1776 for all of the

reasons except lack of military victories.3. It was highly significant to the course of future events that economic democracy

preceded political democracy in the U.S.4. The Articles of Confederation left Congress unable to enforce a collection program.5. A major strength of the Articles of Confederation was its presentation of the ideal of

a united nation.6. Shay’s rebellion convinced many of the need for a stronger central government.7. The debate between supporters and critics of the Articles of Confederation centered

on how to reconcile states’ rights with strong national government.8. The delegate whose contribution to the Philadelphia convention gave him the name

“Father of the Constitution” was James Madison.9. The large state plan put forward in the constitution convention based representation

in the House and Senate on population.10. As Secretary of the Treasury, Hamilton’s first objective was to bolster national

credit.11. Opposition by Thomas Jefferson and Madison to Hamilton’s financial plan resulted in

two political parties forming.12. During the first quarter century as a nation, one of the major problems facing

America was the rivalry and war between France and Britain.13. President Adams sought a peaceful solution to the undeclared war with France in

order to prevent the outbreak of a full-scale war.14. The main purpose of the Alien and Sedition acts was to silence and punish critics of

the Federalists.15. In the 1800 election, Jefferson won New York because Aaron Burr used his

influence to turn the state to Jefferson.16. In 1800, Jefferson was chosen President by the Electoral College.17. Jefferson’s revolution of 1800 was remarkable in that it marked the peaceful and

orderly transfer of power based on election results accepted by all parties.18. With Thomas Jefferson’s election as president, the Democratic - Republican Party

grew less unified as the Federalists lost power.19. Jefferson and his followers opposed John Adams last minute appointment of new

federal judges mainly because it was an attempt by a defeated party to entrench itself in the government.

20. The Chief Justice who carried out, more than any other federal official, the ideas of Alexander Hamilton concerning a powerful federal government was John Marshall.

21. Jefferson had authorized American negotiators to purchase only New Orleans and Florida from France.

22. Lewis and Clark demonstrated the viability of an overland trail to the Pacific.23. British policy of imprisonment was a kind of forced enlistment.

Chapter 121. When the United States entered the War of 1812, it was militarily unprepared.2. The performance of the United States navy in the War of 1812 could be best

described as much better than that of the army.3. The British attack on Fort McHenry inspired the writing of the Star Spangled

Banner.4. The most devastating defeat suffered by the British during the War of 1812 took place

at New Orleans.5. The Battle of New Orleans saw British troops defeated by Andrew Jackson’s

soldiers.6. The resolutions from the Hartford Convention helped to cause the death of the

Federalist Party.7. The Tariff of 1816 was the first in American History that aimed to protect

American Industry.8. One of the major causes of the panic of 1819 was overspeculation in frontier lands.9. The first state entirely west of the Mississippi to be carved out of the Louisiana

Territory was Missouri.10. As a result of the Missouri Compromise, slavery was banned north of the 36’30” in

the Louisiana Purchase territory.11. The treaty of 1818 with England called for a ten year joint occupation of the

Oregon territory by both American citizens and British subjects.12. Spain sold Florida to the United States because it could not defend the area and

would lose it in any case.13. At the time it was issued, the Monroe Doctrine was incapable of being enforced by

the United States.14. Latin America’s reaction to the Monroe Doctrine can be best described as

unconcerned or unimpressed.15. Andrew Jackson’s military exploits were instrumental in the United States gaining

possession of Florida from Spain.16. From a global perspective, the War of 1812 was of little importance.17. At the end of the war of 1812, British manufacturers began dumping their goods in

America at extremely low prices.18. With the demise of the Federalist Party, the Democratic Republicans established

one party rule.19. All of the following were results of the Missouri Compromise except sectionalism

was reduced.20. In interpreting the Constitution, John Marshall favored “loose construction”.

Chapter 131. The new two party political system that emerged in the 1830s and 1840s became an

important part of the nation’s checks and balances.2. Match each with the description:

i. Andrew Jackson- received most popular votes in 1824ii. Henry Clay- was eliminated as candidate when the election was given

to the House of Representativesiii. John Calhoun- was Vice President on two Presidential ballots in 1824.

3. The House of Representatives decided the 1824 presidential election when no candidate received a majority of the votes in the Electoral College.

4. John Adams was charged as having struck a corrupt bargain when he appointed Henry Clay as Secretary of State.

5. Andrew Jackson’s political philosophy was based on suspicion of the federal government.

6. The spoils system under Andrew Jackson resulted in the appointment of many corrupt officials in the office.

7. The section of the United States most hurt by the Tariff of 1828 was The South.8. Southerners feared the Tariff of 1828 because it would hurt their manufacturing.9. The “nullification crisis” of 1832-1833 erupted over tariff policy.10. Andrew Jackson’s administration supported the removal of Native Americans from

eastern states because whites wanted Indian land.11. The policy of the Jackson administration toward the eastern Indian tribes was forced

removal.12. While in existence, the second bank of the United States was the depository of funds

of the National government.13. The “cement” that held the Whig party together in its days was hatred of Andrew

Jackson.14. Americans moved into Texas after an agreement by Mexicans and Stephen

Austin.15. Texans won their independence as a result of the victory over Mexican armies at The

Battle of San Jacinto.16. Texas gained its independence with help from Americans.17. One reason for the Anglo-Texan rebellion against Mexican rule was that the Anglo-

Texans wanted to break away from a government that had grown too authoritative.

18. President Jackson and Van Buren hesitated to extend recognition to and to annex Texas because antislavery groups opposed slave expansion.

19. Most of the early American settlers in Texas came from the South and Southwest.20. The “Tippecanoe” in the Whig’s 1840 campaign slogan was William Harrison.

Chapter 161. As a result of the introduction of the cotton gin, slavery was invigorated.2. Plantation agriculture was wasteful because its excess cultivation of cotton

despoiled good land.3. German and Irish immigration to the South was discouraged by competition with

slave labor.4. Most slaves in the south were owned by plantation owners.5. The majority of the southern whites owned no slaves because they could not afford

the purchase price.6. The most pro Union of the white southerners were mountain whites.7. The great increase of the slave population in the first half of the 19th century was

largely due to natural reproduction.8. Northern attitudes toward free blacks can best be described as disliking the

individual but liking the race.9. For free blacks living in the North, discrimination was common.10. Perhaps the slave’s greatest horror and the theme of Beecher Stone’s Uncle Tom’s

Cabin was the enforced separation of slave families.11. Most slaves were raised in stable two-parent households.12. As a result of white southerners’ brutal treatment of slaves and fear of rebellion, the

South developed a theory of biological racial superiority.13. Match each abolitionist below with his publication.

i. William Lloyd Garrison- The Liberatorii. Theodore Dwight Weld- American Slavery as it Is

iii. Fredrick Douglass- Narration of the Life of…iv. David Walker- Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World

14. Many abolitionists turned to political action in 1840 when they backed the presidential candidate of the Liberty Party.

15. Members of the planter aristocracy dominated society and politics in the south.16. All of the following were true of American economy under the “Cotton Kingdom”

except the south reaped all the profits from cotton trade.17. Plantation mistresses commanded a sizable household staff of mostly female

slaves.18. Only about ¼ of white southerners owned slaves.19. Most white southerners were substinence farmers. 20. By the mid 19th century, most slaves lived on large plantations.

Chapter 201. European powers favored a civil war in the United States because war would

weaken the United States’ power in the Western hemisphere.2. Confederate batteries fired on Fort Sumter when it was learned that Lincoln had

ordered supplies sent to the fort.3. To achieve its independence, the Confederacy had to fight the invading union army

to a draw.4. As the civil war began, the South seemed to have the advantage of more talented

military leaders.5. All of the following were similar characteristics that both Union and Confederate

soldiers shared except: poor unskilled workers were well represented among both armies.

6. The greatest weakness of the South during the Civil War was its economy.7. The North’s greatest strength in the Civil War was economy.8. A supposed asset for the South at the beginning of the Civil War that never

materialized to a real advantage was intervention from Britain and France.9. The South believed that the British would come to its aid because Britain was

dependent on Southern cotton.10. France abandoned its attempt to control Mexico when the United States threatened

to force France to leave.11. During the Civil War, relations between the Union and Canada were at times very

poor.12. The problems that Lincoln experienced as president were less prostrating than those

experienced by Davis partly because the North had a long established and fully recognized government.

13. To fill the army’s demand for troops, the North relied mainly on volunteers.14. The Union’s establishment of the National Banking System was the first significant

step toward a unified banking network since 1836.15. As a result of the Civil War, the Northern economy emerged more prosperous than

ever before.16. Many northerners were willing to allow southern states to leave the Union until the

South attacked Fort Sumter.17. In order to persuade the border states to remain in the Union, President Lincoln used

legally dubious methods.18. Lincoln’s declaration that the North sought to preserve the Union with or without

slavery revealed the influence of the border states on his policies.19. During the Civil War, most the Five Civilized Tribes in the Indian territory of

present-day Oklahoma supported the Confederacy.20. Of all the hardships faced by the soldiers during the Civil War, the greatest was

disease.

Chapter 211. At the beginning of the Civil War, President Abraham Lincoln favored quick

military action to show the folly of secession.2. Arrange the following in chronological order (already done here):

i. Battle of Bull Runii. Battle of Antietam

iii. Battle of Gettysburgiv. Lee’s Surrender at Appomattox

3. In the Civil War, the South won the battle of Bull Run.4. The Union’s defeat at the Battle of Bull Run in 1861 was better known a victory

because defeat caused Northerners to face up to the reality of a long difficult war.

5. George B. McLellan is best described as cautious.6. As a result of the Confederate Victory in the Peninsula Campaign, the Union turned

to a strategy of total war.7. The Final Union War Strategy included all of the following except guerilla warfare.8. The most alarming Confederate threat to the union blockade came from the iron clad

Merrimack (the Virginia).9. One of the key developments enabling the Union to stop the Confederate thrust into

the North at Antietam was the Union’s discovery of Robert E. Lee’s battle plans.10. The two major battles of the Civil War fought on Union soil were Gettysburg and

Antietam.11. The North’s “victory” at Antietam allowed President Lincoln to issue the

Emancipation Proclamation.12. African Americans, who fought for the Union Army in the Civil War, served bravely

and suffered extremely heavy casualties.13. Robert E. Lee decided to invade the North through Pennsylvania in order to deliver a

decisive blow that would strengthen the Northern Peace Movement.14. The Battle of Gettysburg was significant because Union victory meant that the

Southern cause was doomed.15. One consequence of General William T. Sherman’s style of warfare was a shorter

war that saved lives.16. In the 1864 election, Abraham Lincoln’s running mate was Andrew Johnson.17. General Ulysses S. Grant’s basic strategy in the Civil War involved assailing the

enemies’ armies simultaneously and directly.18. The assassination of Lincoln was a calamity for the South.19. The supreme test of American Democracy in the 19th century was the Civil War.20. The Civil War resulted in which of the following? All of the above.

Chapter 221. In the postwar South, the economy was utterly devastated.2. The greatest achievements of the Freedmen’s Bureau were in education.3. Andrew Johnson was named Lincoln’s second-term vice-president because he would

politically attract War Democrats and pro-Union southerners.4. The controversy surrounding the Wade-Davis Bill and readmission of the

Confederate states to the Union demonstrated the deep differences between Lincoln and Congress.

5. President Johnson’s plan for reconstruction aimed at the swift restoration of the southern states after a few basic conditions were met.

6. To many Northerners, the Black codes seemed to indicate that the arrogant South was acting as if the North had not really won the Civil War.

7. For congressional Republicans, one of the most troubling aspects of the Southern States quick restoration to the Union was that wit the black population fully counted, the South would be stronger than ever in national politics.

8. The Fourteenth Amendment guaranteed citizenship and civil rights to freed slaves.9. Both moderate and radical Republicans agreed that freed slaves should be granted

the right to vote.10. Which of the following was not one of the Reconstruction era constitutional

amendments? Twelfth (12th)11. Many feminist leaders were especially disappointed with the 14th Amendment

because it specified for the first time in the Constitution that only males could vote.

12. Which of the following is least related to the others? Ku Klux Klan13. Political corruption during the reconstruction was common in both the North and

the South.14. Even though the Force Acts and the Union Army helped suppress the Ku Klux Klan,

the group achieved its main goal of intimidating blacks and undermining them politically.

15. The official charge that the House of Representatives used to impeach President Johnson was his dismissal of Secretary of War Stanton contrary to the Tenure of Office Act.

16. In 1867 Secretary of State Seward achieved the Johnson administration’s greatest success in foreign relations when he purchased Alaska from Russia.

17. The fate of the defeated Confederate leaders was that after brief jail terms, all were pardoned in 1868.

18. At the end of the Civil War, many white southerners still believed that their view of secession was correct.

19. Freedom for Southern blacks at the end of the Civil War came haltingly and unevenly in different parts of the conquered confederacy.

20. For blacks, emancipation meant all of the following except that large numbers would move north.

Unit 4 Questions Not on Previous Quizzes1. Lincoln hoped that a Union Victory at Bull Run would lead to the capture of the

Confederate Capital at Richmond.2. When it was issued in 1863, the Emancipation Proclamation declared free only slaves

in states still in rebellion against the United States.3. After assuming command of the Army of the Potomac, General McLellan made the

mistake of constantly believing the enemy outnumbered him.4. The Confederate blockade runner, Merrimack was destroyed by Confederate

soldiers.5. The Battle of Antietam was particularly critical because it probably prevented

intervention by Britain and France on behalf of the Confederacy.6. The Union Army’s victory in the capture of Atlanta was probably critical to

Lincoln’s reelection in 1864.7. The group most affected by the new industrial age was women.8. The national government helped to finance transcontinental railroad construction in

the 19th century by providing railroad companies with (answer choice B).9. The greatest single factor helping to spur the amazing industrialization of the Post

Civil war years was the railroad network.10. The U.S. changed to standard time zones when the major rail lines demanded

common fixed times so that they could keep schedules on 2 tracks.11. After the Civil War, the plentiful supply of unskilled labor in the U.S. helped to

build the nation into an industrial giant.12. Andrew Carnegie- steel; John D. Rockefeller- oil; J Pierpont Morgan- banking;

James Duke- tobacco.13. The steel industry owed much to the inventive genius of Henry Bessemer.14. America’s first billion-dollar corporation was The Union Pacific Railroad.15. In its efforts on behalf of workers, the National Labor Union won an eight hour day

for government workers.16. The most effective and most enduring labor union of the post Civil War period was

the Knights of Labor.

Chapter 281. By the 1890’s, the United States was bursting with a new sense of power generated

by an increase in ALL OF THE ABOVE.2. American imperialists who advocated acquisition of the Philippines especially

stressed the economic potential for American businessmen seeking trade with China and other Asian nations.

3. In 1899, guerilla warfare broke out in the Philippines because the United States refused to give the Filipino people their independence.

4. The Philippine insurrection was finally broken in 1901 when Emilio Aguinaldo, the Filipino leader, was captured.

5. When Filipinos first came to the United States they worked mainly as agricultural laborers.

6. America’s initial Open Door policy was essentially an argument to promote free trade in China.

7. China’s Boxer Rebellion was an attempt to throw out or kill all foreigners.8. Once the Boxer uprising ended, China was spared further partition by foreign

powers.9. Teddy Roosevelt received the Republican vice-presidential nomination in 1900

mainly because New York party bosses wanted him out of the government.10. As a vice-presidential candidate in 2900, Teddy Roosevelt matched William

Jennings Bryan’s travels in a flamboyant campaign.11. Theodore Roosevelt can best be described as highly energetic and egotistical.12. As a President, Teddy Roosevelt proved progressive but willing to compromise.13. Regarding the presidency, Teddy Roosevelt believed that the President could take

any action not specifically prohibited by the laws and the constitution.14. Construction of an isthmian canal was motivated mainly by a desire to improve the

defense of the United States.15. The alternative route to Panama seriously considered as the location for a canal

between the Atlantic and the Pacific Ocean was Nicaragua.16. The United States gained a perpetual lease on the Panama Canal Zone in the Hay-

Bunau-Varilla treaty.17. Teddy Roosevelt wanted an isthmian canal constructed quickly because it was

essential to deploy a two-ocean navy immediately.18. The Roosevelt Corollary added new provisions to the Monroe Doctrine designed to

justify U.S. intervention in the affairs of Latin American countries.19. Theodore Roosevelt became involved in the peace settlement for the Russo-Japanese

War when Japan secretly asked him to help.20. Japanese immigrants first entered the U.S. to work as laborers on Hawaii’s sugar

plantations.

Chapter 311. President Wilson broke diplomatic relations with Germany when Germany

announced that it would wage unrestricted submarine warfare in the Atlantic.2. The Zimmerman note involved a proposed secret agreement between Germany and

Mexico.3. The U.S. declared war on Germany after German U-Boats sank four unarmed

American merchant vessels.4. President Woodrow Wilson persuaded the Americans to enter the war by pledging to

make the war “a war to end all wars”.5. In an effort to make economic mobilization more efficient during WWI, the Federal

Govt. took over and operated the Railroads.6. The World War I military draft generally worked fairly effectively to provide

military manpower.7. Russia’s withdrawal from the War in 1918 resulted in the release of thousands of

German troops for deployment on the front of France.8. The supreme military commander of the American Forces during WWI was John J.

Pershing.9. The Second Battle of the Marne was significant because it marked the beginning of

German withdrawal which was never reversed.10. The U.S.’s main contribution to Allied victory in WWI included all except battlefield

victories.11. The Germans were heavily demoralized by the U.S.’s unlimited troop reserves.12. Wilson’s ultimate goal at the Paris Peace conference was to establish the League of

Nations.13. Republican Isolationists successfully turned William Harding’s 1920 Presidential

victory into a death sentence for the League of Nations.14. The major weakness of the League of Nations was that it did not include the U.S.15. President Wilson viewed America’s entry into WWI as an opportunity for the U.S. to

shape a new international order based on the ideals of democracy.16. When the U.S. entered WWI, it was poorly prepared to leap into global war.17. During WWI the government treatment of labor could best be described as fair.18. The 1919 steel strike resulted in a grievous setback crippling the union movement

for a decade.19. Most wartime agencies relied on volunteer compliance to prepare the economy for

war.20. When the U.S. entered the War in 1917, most Americans did not believe that it would

be necessary to send a large American Army to Europe.