MASS HAUL

DIAGRAM

Topic 3

Objective:

• Explain the basic concepts of the Mass Haul Diagram.

• Define the use of Mass Haul Diagram.

• Explain the methods used in the haulage of large volumes of earthwork calculation .

• Explain the method used in calculating the haulage of large volumes of earthwork for construction

INTRODUCTION

Mass-haul diagrams (MHD) are used to compare the economics

of the various methods of earthwork distribution on road or railway

construction schemes. With the combined use of the MHD plotted

directly below the longitudinal section of the survey centre-line, one

can find :

The distances over which ‘cut and fill’ will balance.

Quantities of materials to be moved and the direction of movement.

Areas where earth may have to be borrowed or wasted and the

amounts involved.

The best policy to adopt to obtain the most economic use of plan.

Mass Haul Diagrams

• Diagrammatic representation of

earthwork volumes along a linear

profile

• Horizontal stationing is plotted along

the X-axis

• Net earthwork values are plotted

along the Y-axis

Mass Haul Diagrams

• An Earthwork Profile is a plot of the net

earthwork along a roadway or airstrip

• Net cut values are plotted above the X-

axis (positive Y value)

• Net fill values are plotted below the X-

axis (negative Y value)

• Presents a picture of the earthwork

requirements

Mass Haul Diagrams

• Upward sloping curves indicate

(rising left to right) indicate a cut

• Downward sloping (falling left to

right) curves occur in a fill section

• Peaks indicate a change from cut to

fill and valleys occur when the

earthwork changes from fill to cut

Mass Haul Diagrams• The cumulated volume of earthwork at the

horizontal axis (Y=0) is 0

• When a horizontal line intersects two or more

points along the curve, the accumulated volumes at

those points are equal

• A negative value at the end of the curve indicates

that borrow is required to complete the fill

• A positive value at the end of the curve indicates

that a waste operation will be the net result

(+) CUT

(-) FILL

(+) WASTE

CUMULATIVE VOLUME , m3

CHAINAGE, m

SAMPLE 1

(+) CUT

(-) FILL (-) BORROW

CUMULATIVE VOLUME , m3

CHAINAGE, m

SAMPLE 2

(+) CUT

(-) FILL

CUMULATIVE VOLUME , m3

CHAINAGE, m

MAXIMUM – END POINT OF CUT VOLUME

MINIMUM – END POINT OF FILL VOLUME

Mass Haul DiagramsTo construct the Mass Haul Diagram manually:

• Compute the net earthwork values for each

station, applying the appropriate shrink factor

• Net cuts have a positive value, net fills have a

negative value

• The value at the first station (origin) = 0

• Plot the value of each succeeding station which

equals the cumulative value to that point, i.e.,

the value at i = net cut/filla+b+c+…i

Distance(Metres)

Volume (Cubic Metres) Cumulative volume(Cubic Metres)CUT + FILL -

0 0

+ 490

100 + 490

+ 927

200 + 1 417

+ 982

300 + 2 399

+ 279

380 + 2 678

- 31

400 + 2 647

- 226

500 + 2 421

- 654

600 + 1 767

- 1 160

700 + 607

- 933

800 - 326

- 92

831 - 418

+ 220

900 - 198

+ 428

1 000 + 230

Table 8.1 Example of

Volumes Table

Characteristics of Mass Curve: 1- Rising sections of the mass curve indicates areas where excavating exceeds fill, whereas falling sections indicate where fill exceeds excavation. 2- Steep slopes reflect heavy cuts & Fills, while flat slopes indicate areas fro small amount of earthwork. 3- The difference in ordinates between any two points indicate net excess of excavation over embankment or vise versa. 4- Any horizontal line dawn to intersect two points within the same curve indicates a balance of excavation (cut) and embankment (fill) quantities between the two points. 5- Points of zero slope represent points where roadway goes from cut to fill or from fill to cut. 6- The highest or the lowest points of the mass haul diagram represents the crossing points between the grade line (roadway level) and natural ground level.

Mass Haul Diagram

Mass Haul DiagramsTo construct & analyze the Mass Haul Diagram

manually:

• Identify the the resulting balanced sections, which are bounded by points that intersect the X-axis

• Draw a horizontal line midway between the peak or valley and the X-axis. The scale length of that line is the average length of haul within that balanced section

• Determine earthwork volumes within each balanced section

• Determine whether there is an overall balance, waste or if borrow is required

DEFINITION AND IMPORTANT PHRASES

Bulking An increase in volume of earthwork after excavation

Shrinkage A decrease in volume earthwork after deposition and compaction.

Haul distance

(d)

The distance from the working face of the excavation to the tipping

point.

Average haul

distance (D)

The distance from the centre of gravity of the cutting to that of the

filling.

Freehaul

Distance

The distance, given in the Bill of Quantities, included in the price of

excavation per cubic metre.

Overhaul

Distance

The extra distance of transport of earthwork volumes beyond the

freehaul distance.

Haul

The sum of the product of each load by its haul distance. This must

equal the total volume of excavation multiplied by the average haul

distance, i.e. ∑ vd = VD

OverhaulThe product of volumes by their respective overhaul distance. Excess

payment will depend upon overhaul.

Station Metre A unit of overhaul, viz. 1 m3 x 100 m.

Borrow The volume of material brought into a section due to a deficiency.

Waste The volume of material taken from a section due to excess

CASE 1 Chainage

(m)Volume of cutting

(m3)Volume of fill (m3)

0

100 22275

200 13902

300 2268

400 17744

500 14256

600 900

Calculate the cumulative volume with Shrinkage Factor 10%

SolutionChainage

(m)Volume of cutting (m3)

Volume of fill (m3)

Shrinkagevolume (10%)

Skrinkagevolume corrected

Correctedvolume

Cumulative volume (m3)

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)= (3)+(4) + for cut

- for fill

0 0 0

100 22275 +22275 22275

200 13902 +13902 36177

300 2268 226.8 2494.8 -2494.8 33682.2

400 17744 1774.4 19518.4 -19518.4 14163.8

500 14256 1425.6 15684.6 -15684.6 -1517.8

600 900 90 990 -990 -2057.8

+

+

+

-5000

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

CU

MU

LATI

VE

VO

LUM

E ,m

3

CHAINAGE, m

CASE 1 - MASS HAUL DIAGRAMME (CUMULATIVE VOLUME VS CHAINAGE)

CASE 2 Chainage

(m)Volume of cutting

(m3)Volume of fill (m3)

0

100 22275

200 13902

300 2268

400 17744

500 14256

600 900

Calculate the cumulative volume

SolutionChainage

(m)Volume of cutting (m3)

Volume of fill (m3)

Correctedvolume

Cumulative volume (m3)

(1) (2) (3) + for cut

- for fill

0 0 0

100 22275 +22275 22275

200 13902 +13902 36177

300 2268 -2268 33909

400 17744 -17744 16165

500 14256 -14256 1909

600 900 -900 1009

+

+

+

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

CU

MU

LATI

VE

VO

LUM

E ,m

3

CHAINAGE, m

CASE 2 - MASS HAUL DIAGRAMME (CUMULATIVE VOLUME VS CHAINAGE)

SIMPLE QUESTION

Chainage (m) CumulativeVolume(m3)

0 0100 22275200 36177300 33909400 16165500 1909600 1009

Plot mass haul diagram with data below

The mass haul diagram same with before this

Analyze

the MHD

Rantaian (m)

Isipadu Kumulatif (m3)

A B

C

D

E FG

H I

J K

A1

E1

C1

Gambarajah 7.2 : Lengkung Gambarajah Urungan Padu

Cumulative volume m3

Chainage ,m

From the graph,Line Description

EF Freehaul distance

CG Freehaul volume

CD Haul volume

HI Average haul distance – centre line of CD

GD Overhaul volume

JK Average overhaul distance - centre line of GD

Calculation MHD

Overhaul = Overhaul volume (average overhaul distance – freehaul distance) stn.m

100

Freehaul = Freehaul volume x freehaul distance stn.m

100

Haul = Haul volume x average haul distance stn.m

100

Cost of earthwork

TOTAL COST OF EARTHWORK

Freehaul prices in freehaul distance

= freehaul volume x freehaul distance x freehaulprices

Overhaul prices in freehauldistance

= overhaul volume x freehaul distance x freehaulprices

Overhaul prices in overhaul distance

= overhaul volume x (average overhaul distance –freehaul distance) x overhaul prices

Borrow prices = borrow volume x borrow prices

Waste prices = waste volume x waste prices

End of topic

• Exercise