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Marine mammals Characteristics of marine mammals: Warm-blooded Breathe air Have hair (or fur) Bear live young Females have mammary glands that produce milk for their young

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Page 1: Marine mammals Characteristics of marine mammals: Warm-blooded Breathe air Have hair (or fur) Bear live young Females have mammary glands that produce

Marine mammals

Characteristics of marine mammals:Warm-blooded

Breathe air

Have hair (or fur)

Bear live young

Females have mammary glands that produce milk for their young

Page 2: Marine mammals Characteristics of marine mammals: Warm-blooded Breathe air Have hair (or fur) Bear live young Females have mammary glands that produce

Marine mammals: Order Carnivora

All members of order Carnivora have prominent canine teeth

Includes:Sea otters

Polar bears

Pinnipeds (flipper-footed)Walrus

Seals

Sea lions/fur seals

California sea lions

Figure 14-17c

Page 3: Marine mammals Characteristics of marine mammals: Warm-blooded Breathe air Have hair (or fur) Bear live young Females have mammary glands that produce

Differences between seals and sea lions/fur seals

Seals:Lack ear flaps

Have small front flippers

Have claws

Cannot rotate hind flippers beneath themselves

Figure 14-18

Page 4: Marine mammals Characteristics of marine mammals: Warm-blooded Breathe air Have hair (or fur) Bear live young Females have mammary glands that produce

Marine mammals: Order Sirenia

Sirenian characteristics:Large body sizeSparse hair all over bodyVegetariansToenails (on manatees only)

Includes:ManateesDugongs

Page 5: Marine mammals Characteristics of marine mammals: Warm-blooded Breathe air Have hair (or fur) Bear live young Females have mammary glands that produce

Marine mammals: Order Cetacea

Cetacean characteristics:Blowholes on top of skull

Skull telescoped (streamlined shape)

Very few hairs

Includes:Whales, dolphins, and porpoises

Page 6: Marine mammals Characteristics of marine mammals: Warm-blooded Breathe air Have hair (or fur) Bear live young Females have mammary glands that produce

Marine mammals: Order Cetacea

Figure 14-20

Page 7: Marine mammals Characteristics of marine mammals: Warm-blooded Breathe air Have hair (or fur) Bear live young Females have mammary glands that produce

Two suborders of order Cetacea

Suborder Odontoceti (toothed whales)Echolocate (send sound through water)

Includes killer whale, sperm whale, dolphins, porpoises, and many others

Suborder Mysticeti (baleen whales)Have rows of baleen plates instead of teeth

Includes blue whale, finback whale, humpback whale, gray whale, and many others

Page 8: Marine mammals Characteristics of marine mammals: Warm-blooded Breathe air Have hair (or fur) Bear live young Females have mammary glands that produce

Differences between dolphins and porpoises

Dolphins have:An elongated snout (rostrum)

A sickle-shaped (falcate) dorsal fin

Teeth that end in points

Figure 14-22

Killer whale jawbone

Page 9: Marine mammals Characteristics of marine mammals: Warm-blooded Breathe air Have hair (or fur) Bear live young Females have mammary glands that produce

Generation of Odontoceti echolocation clicks

Figure 14-23

Page 10: Marine mammals Characteristics of marine mammals: Warm-blooded Breathe air Have hair (or fur) Bear live young Females have mammary glands that produce

Odontoceti echolocation

Sound is bounced off objects to determine:

SizeShapeDistanceInternal structure

Figure 14-24

Page 11: Marine mammals Characteristics of marine mammals: Warm-blooded Breathe air Have hair (or fur) Bear live young Females have mammary glands that produce

Mysticeti: The baleen whales

Mysticeti whales have baleen instead of teeth

Baleen plates:Hang as parallel rows from the upper jaw

Are made of keratin

Are used as a strainer to capture zooplankton

Allows baleen whales to eat krill and small fish by the ton

Page 12: Marine mammals Characteristics of marine mammals: Warm-blooded Breathe air Have hair (or fur) Bear live young Females have mammary glands that produce

Baleen

Figure 14-25

Page 13: Marine mammals Characteristics of marine mammals: Warm-blooded Breathe air Have hair (or fur) Bear live young Females have mammary glands that produce

BALEEN

Page 14: Marine mammals Characteristics of marine mammals: Warm-blooded Breathe air Have hair (or fur) Bear live young Females have mammary glands that produce

Types of baleen whales

Baleen whales include three families:Gray whale (a bottom-feeder with short baleen)Rorqual whales (medium-sized baleen)

Balaenopterids (blue whales, finback whales, and other large whales )Megapterids (humpback whales)

Right whales (surface skimmers with long baleen)

Page 15: Marine mammals Characteristics of marine mammals: Warm-blooded Breathe air Have hair (or fur) Bear live young Females have mammary glands that produce

An example of migration: Gray whales

Gray whales undertake the longest annual migration of any mammal:

Spend wintertime in birthing and breeding lagoons in MexicoSpend summertime feeding in highly productive Arctic waters

Figure 14-27