Marine EcologyPart II

Read pgs. 365-371 in the

HRW BIOLOGY book

to answer Oceanography Ecosystems worksheet

IV. FOOD CHAINS AND WEBS

• (handout in binder can be done for homework)

• Practice problem using overhead example.

• count members,

• lengths of chains

• name categories

Complete this activity for homework

V. TROPHIC LEVELS (handout in binder of pyramid of biomass)

• Modify the pyramid with these ideas• Biomass = dry weight, measured in

kilograms• Can also be a pyramid of numbers and

energy measured in Cal/g or Joules/g• Identify producers, consumers, and add

decomposers• Trace flow of energy and materials

10% and 90%

Label the producersAnd consumers…

10,000 kg

(handout in binder of examples of )SELF SUSTAINING MARINE

ECOSYSTEMS

Abyssal Plain Hydrothermal Vent

Sea Surface Upwelling System Coral Reef System

Calculating Productivity and energy(practice problems in binder)

• Producer to Consumer is inefficient 2-10%

• ?What are more efficient carnivores or herbivores???

Calculating Productivity and energy(practice problems in binder)

• Producer to Consumer is inefficient 2-10%

• ?What are more efficient carnivores or herbivores??? CARNIVORES

PE= 10% PE= 40%

PE= 1-3%

Production efficiency

DetritivoresHeat

33/100=33%

Production Efficiency=NSP/Assimilation of NPP

Growth efficiency 33/200 = 16.5%

Ingested food absorbed indigestible

leaves by the gut parts

215 g/day = 96 g/day + _____ g/day

Ingested food absorbed indigestible

leaves by the gut parts

215 g/day = 96 g/day + _119_ g/day

Ingested food absorbed indigestible

leaves by the gut parts

215 g/day = 96 g/day + 119 g/day

respiration growth/repair

Ingested food absorbed indigestible

leaves by the gut parts

215 g/day = 96 g/day + 119 g/day

respiration growth/repair

65 g/ day ____ g/day

Ingested food absorbed indigestible

leaves by the gut parts

215 g/day = 96 g/day + 119 g/day

respiration growth/repair

65 g/ day 31 g/day

Ingested food absorbed indigestible

leaves by the gut parts

215 g/day = 96 g/day + 119 g/day

respiration growth/repair

65 g/ day 31 g/day

Ingested food absorbed indigestible

leaves by the gut parts

215 g/day = 96 g/day + 119 g/day

respiration growth/repair

65 g/ day 31 g/day

ABSORPTION EFFICIENCY 96/215 X 100 = _____

Growth efficiency 31/215 x 100 =__________

Ingested food absorbed indigestible

leaves by the gut parts

215 g/day = 96 g/day + 119 g/day

respiration growth/repair

65 g/ day 31 g/day

ABSORPTION EFFICIENCY 96/215 X 100 = 44.7%

Growth efficiency 31/215 x 100 = 14.4 %

Examples in binder (homework)

VI MATERIALS CYCLING (handout in binder of 3 cycles)

Carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus• Nutrients are mainly cycled out of the

photic zone

P

C

D

Dissolved Nutrients

Organic Form (living)

Organic Form

(Non-living) Photosynthesis

Respiration

Death

Excretion

Complex Bacterial Process for various nutrients

Decomposers in action

• Carbon- may be w/ or w/o bacteria

• Nitrogen- 3 bacterial steps

• Phosphorus- 1 bacterial step

71%

MASSIVE INFLUX OF PHOSPHATES OCCURRED IN THE 1970’S INTO LAKE ERIE. IT WAS ADDED TO DETERGENTS AND CAUSED OVER FERTILIZATION OF THE ALGAE. SUBSEQUENT DEATH OF THE ALGAE CAUSED DECOMPOSERS TO USE UP THE OXYGEN IN THE WATER AND SUFFICATE FISH.

Large scale eutrophication: Dead Zone in the Gulf of Mexico

VII SEDIMENTS- origin of sediment components 4 types• lithogenous/ terrigenous/ clastic-

derived from continents (silts, clays, and sands)

• biogenic- plant and animal remains, (usually microscopic carbonates and silicates)

• hydrogenous- chemical precipitates from water (magnesium nodules, oolites- limestone)

• cosmogenous- micrometeorites

OOLITES

MAGNESIUM NODULE

Test Topics for Tuesday• biotic/abiotic zonation (must know diagrams)

ecosystems, food web/chain (ID members and interpret changes)

• phylum matching (characteristics and members)• absorption/growth efficiencies calculations %• Biogeochemical cycles

– nitrogen, carbon, phosphorus• Crossword, Oceanography Ecosystems worksheet• Video The Deep• TEXT PAGES Read 279-292, 296-299