marginal propensity to consume

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MARGINAL PROPENSITY TO CONSUME Rumah tangga menerima pendapatan dari tenaga kerja dan modal yang mereka miliki, membayar pajak kepada pemerintah dan kemudian memutuskan berapa banyak dari pendapatan setelah pajak digunakan untuk konsumsi dan berapa banyak yang ditabung. Pendapatan yang diterima rumah tangga sama dengan output perekonomian Y, pemerintah kemudian menarik pajak dari rumah tangga sejumlah T. Pendapatan setelah dikurangi pajak, Y T, didefinisikan sebagai pendapatan disposabel (disposable income) atau pendapatan yang biasa dibelanjakan. Rumah tangga membagi pendapatan disposabelnya di antara konsumsi dan tabungan. Diasumsikan tingkat konsumsi bergantung secara langsung pada tingkat disposable income atau pendapatan disposabel. Semakin tinggi disposable income, semakin besar konsumsi. Hubungan antara konsumsi dan disposable income disebut fungsi konsumsi (consumption consumption). Kecenderungan mengkonsumsi marginal (marginal propensity to consume, MPC) adalah jumlah perubahan konsumsi ketika pendapatan disposabel (disposable income) meningkat satu dolar. Nilai MPC berkisar di antara nol dan satu: kenaikan pendapatan sebesar satu dolar akan meningkatkan konsumsi, tetapi peningkatannya akan kurang dari satu dolar. Jadi, jika rumah tangga memperoleh pendapatan tambahan sebesar satu dolar, mereka akan menabung sebagian dari pendapatan tambahan itu. Misalnya, jika MPC adalah 0,7, maka rumah tangga mengeluarkan 70 sen dari setiap dolar tambahan disposable income untuk barang dan jasa serta menabung 30 sen. Marginal propensity to consume dapat ditulis dalam persamaan : EMBED Equation.DSMT4 atau dapat ditulis EMBED Equation.DSMT4 dimana a adalah perubahan konsumsi dan b perubahan disposable income yang diproduksi oleh konsumsi. Di Indonesia, sejak tahun 2000 hingga tahun 2007, rata-rata prosentase konsumsi antara rumah tangga dan pemerintah sebesar 89,31 % dan 10,69%. Dengan rata-rata gross domestic product sebesar 2.344.244 miliar rupiah, didapat rata-rata marginal propensity to consume di Indonesia untuk periode 2000 2007 sebesar 0,72. Dengan kata lain, rata-rata penduduk dan Indonesia pada periode 2000 2007 mengeluarkan 72 persen atau sekitar 1.694.889 miliar rupiah dari pendapatan disposabelnya untuk barang dan jasa. Untuk lebih jelasnya dapat dilihat pada tabel dan grafik berikut ini. Tabel Marginal Propensity to Consume di Indonesia T Tahun 2000 2007 EMBED Excel.Chart.8 \s PAGE PAGE 1(FG+ ' 8 o =N .Mjlmno }njX)L hk`CJUVaJhk`CJaJ!jhk`hk`CJEHUaJ#j(L hk`hk`CJUVaJhk`hk`CJaJjhk`hk`CJUaJ hk`htHhtH htH6htHhtH6 htHhh~M5CJaJhhtH5CJaJh5CJaJ$ &'(GHI .mn_` $dha$gd $dha$gd $dha$gd dhgd$dh`a$gd $a$gd $a$gd OY'_` xpi_Y_Y_Y_ h0Jjh0JUhtHhjhUj.L hCJUVaJjhUhhCJaJ htHjC hhUhh5CJaJhh5CJaJ h6 h hk`6 hk`hk`CJaJjhk`hk`CJUaJ! j&hk`hk`CJEHUaJ" &`#$gd $dha$gd hhtHh h h0Jjh0JUh0JmHnHu6&P1 h:p. A! 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B/9B 0 I_ A~ A?A A AviwA v tAvuA!VAp\A cASuIA%uzt,AZZA/ A$jA3AnXyAATA WA FAOAo&3tCAMVXAk$OAAJnA AA ,oB!HKB"P cB#R< B$~UeB%mz B&|gB'.=-IB(cB)'JwB*|)HVB+)mm,B,0fB-c_ B. B/ \1 B 0 G%X @ [Yb@UI@ @7 @ r @!*sF= @"Bey> @# @$k@KX: @TA=@Z@-"\ @%~k7 @&e : @'BQQr @(\@)in^@*kI1@+("o@,ScUZ.@-)g@ .d@/8`O@ 0 zDAAf a?ZA AS A%uzAZK1A/jAriLA[AnX/AANCA qA ANmAMvEAAktA ./AAAtA@kPA A!H>B"IvB#tB$~O B%m- B&gB'j>B(zJ'B) B*|_B+ )m`B,0B-c_G B.uF B/b:B 0 ! " # $ % & ' ( ) * + , - ./@@0 :@@7@ %@ :@ _ts7@3@:@ %@@R A@p#9@kmA jScpA y&1h qA G1qA rnrA~ 1j\nA~. W#tA}'uAH}4vA _JwA~ A6lyATR'`p{AlVs|Ae`}A~ l '1yO@]4)A@ U7@n}B@p@#N@z,@X+P@#ai@S^@ %]@@&)LB@'C@(?%2?&m"g?'7 (? (& 6?)HG,Y?*Zo?+jMDd?,)"?--q?.a#|?/S? 0Dd[l|>Hf21@1@ NcA% {'' 6*~Rk$%`fA&A' OA(A)A*`}A+X,A,0A-0A .^A/0A 0 ZcA% {'' 6*~Rk$%`fA&A' OA(AA)A*@A+X,A,cA..A. e UA/:A 0 >@ A $ 7 xOUv@FZ}E@Qa1 @6@0 @ @G @AnQ@`$>@ 3~F@@@ B@! n#y@"!@##@ $h\.)@%dn1@&Y+7j5@' B$ B%xB&9B'aB(`] B)`ksB*B+1B,umB-6B. B B/9B 0.. Indonesia5,Total reserves (includes gold, current US$) I_ A~ A?A viwA v tAvuA !VA A Ap\A cASuIA%uzt,AZZA/ A$jA3AnXyAATA WA FAOAo&3tCAMVXAk$OAAJnA AA ,oB!HKB"P cB#R< B$~UeB%mz B&|gB'.=-IB(cB)'JwB*|)HVB+)mm,B,0fB-c_ B. B/ \1 B 0.. Indonesia-$Total reserves in months of imports .. .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..G%X @ [Yb@UI@ @7 @ r @!*sF= @"Bey> @# @$k@KX:@TA=@Z@-"\ @%~k7 @&e : @'BQQr @(\@)in^@*kI1@+("o@,ScUZ.@-)g@ . .d@/8`O@ 0.. Indonesia1(Total reserves minus gold (current US$) zDAAf a?ZA AS A%uzAZK1A/jAriLA[AnX/AANCA qA ANmAMvEAAktA ./AAAtA@kPA A!H>B"IvB#tB$~O B%m- B&gB'j>B(zJ'B) B*|_B+ ) )m`B,0B-c_G B.uF B/b:B 0.. Indonesia&Total tax rate (% of profit) & .. .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. !.. ".. #.. $.. %.. &.. '.. (.. ).. *.. +.. ,.. -.. .../@@0 IndonesiaTrade (% of GDP) :@@7@ %@ :@ %@@R A@ p#9@ :@ _ts7@3@k .. .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..J.@aa+@P P"@YLg1!@}*@n{@/JQ@ -R @~ r@ 5 @!$Ub @"h+@#"X'? @ $.. %.. &.. '.. (.. ).. *.. +.., iY:0@[email protected]@/t76@ c 0.. Indonesia>5Transport services (% of commercial service imports) > .. .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..MD@"G:F@ E"I@4i|F@OTy?@pA@zUJA@ $ B@]Y[C@ "J"G@!H@"/F@#nC@$xA@% _B@&IiA@'U,@@($k?@)fei:@*Mi:@+nI8@, ">@-# v0@-jF!4@ $ 5@?de6@ 49@!!\N:@"e;@#>^@ %]@@&) )LB@'C@(@ A $ 7 SummaryInformation(DocumentSummaryInformation841Table RSummaryInformation( '\V.+,0 PXh px LebakChAIndonesia Development Indicator Chart1Worksheets ChartsOh+'0t[CfMS=O[b0 ,*~E.K0'l %p6b9.w%&c+Kr'cj}5D hW$?s/ o_GWxW;B):Ek x{tQ-u}Dlm tCv$bDXP%6cQ42gDy^dX\s\*+fi_ mU06c]Ub__u,ol^pc,yZYi.zcfXSR]:zcN#~rcq>Gs.s43/YZuKl}JW=;J{!R]{zc_/c3 7Rw[1>IY[;I\^$f^E=Ns~' c3QnX\ {$em\#q_qcz9r~-K~cqczcEE#9rU W_o `lJf 7p.u?(l Y@sh!%?|}JkuZU\i {|}E+#8SJY{'r7>w]Fq2}eP~%qU %r7>VqwV*n_R^qr=YsC9LAqr}r7>75 q8 ,{>T{8lw4^)#o?${ v51N bF\nFa1Nqs1N[ c1Nqs1N[ c1Nqs1N[ c1Nqs1N[ c1Nqs1N[ c1Nqs1N9N-jf*a1~B1akc6F|.cRn%I? 7;r+]r7`Rn%B 0nTJne[ 2q{;U)i?7grncyrgni/x|dK_}>Cg>a9aG1VCB=wrCIQ3tb`{8z1~yqAy,9t /nqW]u#3R]] }W-Y_]vW coo.T;L+aL\|;y s{;Ac[zhjO@3-!C; . 3KRO98y?vr\p3 Nx}}Y_+|hM} x1 6X1 ^9jSrL0 {Sr\ea 9"s| q3GUJv3G1od8=sx319_ZOMbF= )xvYWk2rvJ8]9=.S1o5) 8rr;qrr;c6# gxg _"`$ i .C'5XdMKuU7l7`< HT\dl dilm Silmilm NormalS S1lmMicrosoft Word 10.0@0 @FV@ oVuO.+,D.+,@hp DocumentSummaryInformation8&CompObjj Lebakn ATitleH 6> MTWinEqns FMicrosoft Word Document MSWordDocWord.Document.89q@@@NormalCJ_HaJmHsHtHDA@DDefault Paragraph FontRi@RDT Table Normal4 l l4 a (k@( No List4 @4F Footer!.)@. 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