marc 21 by corazon m nera

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MARC21

CORAZON M. NERADIRECTOR, SOTERO H. LAUREL ACADEMIC RESOURCE CENTER

LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY

What is MARC21?

! Lois Mai Chan (2007) identifies five current types of MARC21 formats:

!MARC 21 for bibliographic data !MARC 21 for authority data !MARC 21 for classification data !MARC 21 for holdings data !MARC 21 for community information

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What is MARC21?

!a “communication format”

!a structure in which data from one computerized catalogue can be shared with another computerized catalogue

Catalogue format, not cataloguing code

!MARC format provides the structure while cataloguing codes provide the rules

!MARC21 does not set out to be a cataloguing code

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Catalogue format, not cataloguing code

! The CONTENT of the data elements in a MARC record is defined by standards:

! Examples are: International Standard Bibliographic Description (ISBD), Resource Description and Access(RDA)Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH)

Structure of a MARC Record

!Record leader – data elements that primarily provide information for the processing of the record

!Directory – series of entries that contain the tag, length, and starting location of each variable field within a record

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!Fields – into which we enter, encode, record our bibliographic information – access points and descriptive cataloguing


!Both leader and directory are performing data coding functions and most library management systems are set up to complete them automatically

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All MARC fields consist of a three-digit TAG

! 100 Main entry – personal name ! 245 Title statement ! 260 Publication, distribution, etc. (imprint) ! 300 Physical description! Each tag makes use of indicators and

subfields

Indicators

- are a further two digits that can be used to provide more information about the tag or define it in some way

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Indicators

!Example: In 100 tag Name is entered under a forename (indicator 0)Surname (indicator 1, the most common) Family name (indicator 3)

Indicators

!Example: In 245 tag

The first indicator tells us whether there is a title main entry (indicator 0) or title added entry (indicator 1)

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Indicators

!Example: In 245 tag

The second indicator allows for up to 9 characters at the start of the title to be ignored for filing purposes (indicator 0-9)

Subfields

- can be identified by their delimiter, usually a lower case letter

- preceded by a pipe-mark (!) or a dollar sign ($)

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Subfields

Example: In 245 field

$a is the title$c is the statement of responsibility

main entry fields – starts with the digit 1

added entry fields – starts with either digit 7 or digit 8

Main Entries and Added Entries

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100 Main entry – personal name 700 Added entry – personal name

110 Main entry – corporate name710 Added entry – corporate name


111 Main entry – meeting name [conference heading]

711 Added entry – meeting name [conference heading]

130 Main entry – uniform title 830 Series added entry – uniform title


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Punctuation

- MARC21 follows standard AACR2/ ISBD punctuation

! Indicators The first indicator in the 100 and 700

fields indicates the type of personal name element:

Forename – 0Surname – 1Family name – 3

Common MARC21 Fields100, 700 – Entries for person

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100, 700 – Entries for person

! The 100 field does not use the second indicator.

! In the 700 field, and indicator of 2 indicates an analytical entry

100, 700 – Entries for person

! The most common subfields are: ! $a personal name! $d dates associated with a name

100 1_$aLaurel, Jose Paciano,$d1891-1959

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110, 710 – Entries for corporate body

! Indicators The second indicator is undefined, and

there are only 3 options for the first indicator:

Inverted name – 0Jurisdiction name – 1Name in direct order – 2


! The inverted name is very uncommon

! There are many subfields available for use, but by far the most common are:

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$a Corporate name or jurisdiction name as entry element

$b Subordinate unit


! Logically, $a is non-repeatable, but you can repeat $b as often as necessary.

110 2_$aPhilippine Association of Academic and Research Librarians

110 2_$aLyceum of the Philippines University.$bCollege of Arts and Sciences.

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!Here, we see the correct format for a jurisdiction with subordinate body:

110 1_$aPhilippines.$bProfessional Regulation Commission

110 1_$aPhilippines.$bNavy

111, 711 – Entries for conferences and other meetings

! Indicators The second indicator is undefined, and

there are only 3 options for the first indicator:

Inverted name – 0Jurisdiction name – 1Name in direct order – 2

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! Again, the inverted name is very uncommon.

! Of the many subfields available, the most common are:


$a – Meeting/conference or jurisdiction name

$n – Number of meeting (formed as per AACR2 as an ordinal number)

$d – Date of meeting (year only, as per AACR2)

$c – Location of meeting/conference

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! Example: National Electronic Conference (6th : 2014 : Manila, Philippines) we can enter it in MARC field as :

111 2_$National Electronic Conference $n(6th : $d2014 : $cManila, Philippines)

130 – Uniform title (main entry)

!Work is entered directly under title and the work has appeared under varying titles, necessitating that a particular title be chosen to represent the work

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! If a work has no person of chief responsibility and is not the emanation of a corporate body, and has appeared under varying titles, choose the 130 field rather than the 240 field for the uniform title


! Indicators The second indicator is not used, and

the first indicator indicates the number of non-filing characters from 0 to 9.

$a – uniform title $l – language $s – version

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! Many of the works that require main entry under uniform title are religious, such as the Bible and the Koran, hence the usefulness of $s:

130 0_$aBible.$lEnglish.$sAuthorized.

130 0_$aKoran.$lEnglish.


! However, some other important works in the literary canon require main entry under uniform title:

130 0_$aBeowulf.$lEnglish.

130 0_$aNoli Me Tangere.$lEnglish.

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240 – Uniform title (where there is main entry under 100, 110 or 111)

! IndicatorsThe first indicator is used to decide

whether the uniform title needs to be displayed or not:

If we don’t want to print or display it – 0 If we do want to print or display it – 1

240 – Uniform title (where there is main entry under 100, 110 or 111)

! For clarity of comparison with 130 uniform titles, these examples give the main entry and the 240 entry:

100 10$aRowling, J.K. 240 10$aHarry Potter and the prisoner

of Azkaban.$lFrench.

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245 – Title and statement of responsibility

! The first indicator is used to establish whether there is a title added entry or not.


! Use 1 when the title added entry is the same as the entry in 245. Records without a 1XX entry always have an indicator of 0

245 10$aObama’s wars/$cBobWoodward

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! The 2nd indicator is used to indicate the number of non-filing characters and punctuations at the beginning of the field e.g. 4 for “The” 2 for “A” and 3 for “An”

245 12$aA practitioner’s guide to business analytics :$busing data analysis tools to improve your organization’s decision making and strategy/$cRandy Bartlett


! The most frequently used subfield codes in the 245 tag are:

$a – Title $b – Remainder of title (i.e. ‘other title

information’ in AACR parlance, or ‘sub-title’)

$c – Statement of responsibility, etc.

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If we take this example in AACR2 punctuation:

The revised exporter’s manual : comprehensive general export procedures and support services to exporters / Export Assistance Network


This is entered in MARC as:

245 14$aThe revised exporter’s manual :$bcomprehensive general export procedures and support services to exporters /$cExport Assistance Network

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Punctuation

- the colon that precedes the remainder of the title information appears at the end of the $a subfield

- the oblique that precedes the statement of responsibility area appears at the end of the $b subfield



Punctuation

- if there is no remainder of title information, $a will not end with a colon, as in this example, where it ends with the oblique that precedes the $c:

245 10$aEssential cataloguing/$cJ.H. Bowman

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- it is also important to note that none of these fields are repeatable. This means that you use that subfield code for the first and then use punctuation to indicate the others:

245 10$aRadical cataloguing :$bessaysat the Front /$cedited by K.R. Roberto; introduction by Sanford Berman


MEDIUM

- AACR2 uses the term “General Material Designation (GMD)” for the same concept that MARC terms “medium” and provides lists of terms to be used

245 14$aThe history boys$h[sound recording] /$cAlan Bennett


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MULTIPART WORKS

- In multipart works use $n to record the number of a part or section of a work and/or $p to record the name of a part or section of a work:


245 10$aPrinciples of tourism. $n1,$pMedical tourism and future world tourism


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246 Varying form of title

There are 4 different actions that can be taken when adding a varying title, and each is denoted by the first indicator:


note made, but no added entry made – 0

note and added entry made – 1

no note made, no added entry made – 2

no note made, but added entry made – 3

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The second indicator can be used to explain why you feel the need to record the variant title:

# - No type specified 0 – Portion of title 1 – Parallel title 2 – Distinctive title 3 – Other title 4 – Cover title


5 – Added title page title 6 – Caption title 7 – Running title 8 – Spine title

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So The Walker book of animal tales might be given a variant title that is a portion of the title proper:

245 04$aThe Walker book of animal tales

245 30$aBook of animal tales


Since not all searchers will remember that l8r and g8r is written in text language, we might want to provide a standard English form:

245 10$al8r, g8r /$cLauren Myracle246 3_$aLater, gator


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I PAARL poses many problems for cataloguer.

we would suggest the following 245 and 246 entries:


245 10$aI heart PAARL /$cRoderickRamos

246 3_$aI love PAARL 246 0_$iTitle typeset as:$aI PAARL


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This field does not use indicators, and has two very straightforward subfields:

$a – Edition statement $b – Remainder of edition statement

250 – Edition

Punctuation follows AACR2:

250 _$a4th ed.250 _$aRev. ed.250 _$aNew ed.250 _$a12th ed. /$bZenaida

Lansangan-Cruz

250 – Edition

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260 – Publication, etc.

Indicators: For modern books, the most common

indicator is 3.


The most common subfields are:

$a – Place of publication $b – Name of publisher$c – Date of publication

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Standard ISBD punctuation is followed, so that the $b is preceded by a colon and $c is preceded by a comma.


Where the $a is repeated, it is preceded by a semi-colon; where $b is repeated, it is preceded by a semi-colon.

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260 3_$aManila :$bRex Book Store, $c2005

260 _$aMedford, N.J. :$bInformationToday,$c2007

260 3_$aLondon ;$aBoston; $bButterworhs,$c1990

300 – Physical description

This field does not use indicators.

The most common subfields in use are:

$a – Extent $b – Other physical details, such as

illustrations $c – Dimensions, usually expressed in

centimeters or millimeters

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In this next example, the measurement is given in millimeters because it is less than 10 centimeters


Accompanying material is recorded in $e:

300 _$a95, [9] p. : $bill. ; $c18 cm. + $e1 game (one sheet, fold.)

300 _$a[25] p. : $bchiefly col. Ill. ; $c16 cm. + $e1 sound cassette

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490 – Series statement

The first indicator in this field is used to show whether a series needs a tracing or not:

Series statement, no tracing – 0 Series statement with tracing – 1

490 – Series statement

The second indicator is not used. Most common subfields are:

$a – series statement $v – volume designator

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5 – Notes

The most frequently used notes fields are:

500 – General note501 – With note 504 – Bibliography note505 – Formatted contents note 520 – Summary, etc.

5 – Notes

The most frequently used notes fields are:

521 – Target audience note 534 – Original version note 561 – Ownership and custodial

history563 – Binding information 59X – Local notes

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500 – General Note

Both indicators are undefined, and although there are five subfields, including $6, that can be used for linkage, most cataloguing agencies use only $a.

500 – General Note

500 _$aIncludes index.500 _$aTranslated from German 500 _$aImprint stamped on verso of t.p.500 _$aBased on a play which originally

appeared in France as ‘Un peu plus tard, un peu plus tôt’.

500 _$aTable of cases: p. xiii-xvi.

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501 – With note

Again, the indicators are undefined, and although there are four subfields, including $6, that can be used for linkage, most cataloguing agencies use only $a.

501 – With note

501 _$aWith: Saloobin :$bSagot ni Hen. Emilio Aguinaldo sa mga paratang ng dakilanglumpo /$canotasyon at pagsasalin niEmmanuel Franco Calairo

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504 – Bibliography note

The indicators are undefined, and although other subfields are available, most cataloging agencies use $a. The standard formula for entries in this field are:

504 – Bibliography note

504 _$aBibliography: p.238-239.504 _$aIncludes bibliographic references. 504 _$aIncludes bibliographies and index. 504 _$aIncludes bibliographic references

and index.

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505 – Formatted contents note

Many cataloguing agencies use only $a, but use of the other subfields is not uncommon:


$a – formatted contents note $g – miscellaneous information $r – statement of responsibility $t – title $u – uniform reference identifier $6 – linkage $8 – field link and sequence number

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Cataloguing agencies using more than $a most commonly use $r and $t, which are repeatable.


505 0_$aFire / Vikram Seth -- The island / Mark Haddon

505 01$tFire /$rVikram Seth -- $tTheisland /$rMark Haddon

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520 – Summary, etc.

520 is used for abstracts, reviews and summaries, and unlike most notes fields, uses its first indicator to denote the type of content in the field:


Summary – blankSubject – 0 Review – 1 Scope and content – 2 Abstract – 3 Content advice – 4

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The beginning cataloguer may need to differentiate between summaries and abstracts, as in these examples:


520 _$aProvides contact information about drug…

520 3_$aThe present paper describes a patient who exhibit ‘Alice in Wonderland’ (AIW) syndrome…

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Review notes is used mainly by specialist research collections, especially where analytical cataloguing of book chapters and journal articles is undertaken:

501 1_$aReview of ‘Ask Alice’ and the issues it raised about teenage drug use


With RDA’s emphasis on how works relate to each other, we may see an upsurge using 520 1_ notes.

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521 Target audience note

The first indicator is used to indicate different levels of audience:

General audience note – blank Reading grade level – 0 Interest age level – 1 Interest grade level – 2 Special audience characteristics – 3 Motivation/interest level – 3


! The second indicator is undefined. Although there are 5 subfields available, most cataloging agencies use only $a.

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! Numbered information in subfield $a pertains to the age level at which the item will most likely be of interest. The value is used to generate the display constant Interest age level:

521 1_$a008-012[The item is of interest to those aged 8-12]


In practice, may systems cannot deal with this form of coding to generate the note, and so the cataloguers have to enter the note manually:

521 1_$aInterest age level: 8-12.

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It is not uncommon to see audience notes that veer away from the standardized form of entry:

521 1_$a‘Ages 3-8’ – Front flap of dustjacket.

534 – Original version note

The most commonly used subfields are:

$p – Introductory phrase $c – Publication of the original $t – title of the original

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534 – Original version note

534 _$pOriginally published:$cLondon : Little, Brown, 1998.

534 _$pOriginally published as:$tEchoesfrom the macabre,$cLondon : Victor Gollancz, 1976.

561 – Ownership and custodial history

The first indicator can be used to indicate the privacy level of the information:

No information as to privacy – blank Private information – 0 Not private – 1

The second indicator is undefined.

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561 – Ownership and custodial history

Here are some examples of provenance notes:

561 _$aFrom the library of Sotero H. Laurel, bequeathed 2005.

561 _$aInscriptions on title-page verso and several other blank leaves: ‘Lex Libris’.

563 Binding information

Information can be as detailed or as general as the library requires:

563 _$aBuckram binding. 563 _$aModern buckram binding;

edges red.

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563 Binding information

Information can be as detailed or as general as the library requires:

563 _$aBlue cloth binding563 _$aNavy blue cloth binding, gilt

text on upper board and spine, top edge stained blue.

59X – Local notes

Local notes are implemented to record information about the local copy that, for whatever reason, cannot be entered into the holdings information

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59X – Local notes

590 _$aTitle-page and first few pages slightly damaged.

590 _$aThe whole volume has suffered some water damage.

590 _$aLacking the 6 advertisement leaves.

The Impact of RDA

! In February 2010, Update 11 to MARC21 for Bibliographic Data implemented

! A document entitled RDA in MARC was published on the MARC website at www.loc.gov/marc/RDAinMARC29.htmlsummarizing changes in the following areas:

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The Impact of RDA

RDA Content Types

RDA Media Types

RDA Carrier Types

The Impact of RDA

New MARC Authority Fields for Name Attributes

New MARC Authority and Bibliographic Fields for Work and Expression

marc 21 by corazon m nera

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