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Dangerous Goods can be defined as goods which can : Dangerous Goods can be defined as goods which can : -- Damage the Damage the healthhealth and and safetysafety of persons.of persons.-- Damage to the Damage to the environmental propertyenvironmental property..-- Damage the Damage the transporttransport and of other and of other equipment employedequipment employed..-- Damage other Damage other goodsgoods. .

It is It is solidssolids, , liquidsliquids, or , or gasesgases in the form of natural or raw materials, or in the form of natural or raw materials, or manufactured or finished goods that can harm people, other living manufactured or finished goods that can harm people, other living organisms, property, or the environment. organisms, property, or the environment.

The carriage of dangerous goods has increased substantially The carriage of dangerous goods has increased substantially since since 1945 1945 owing to the enormously increased use of many of these goodsowing to the enormously increased use of many of these goods..

Dangerous goods can be carried safely providing certain principles Dangerous goods can be carried safely providing certain principles during during handlinghandling, , transportingtransporting and and storingstoring. .

Such principles have been used in developing international and national Such principles have been used in developing international and national regulations for the safe transport of dangerous goods by :regulations for the safe transport of dangerous goods by :

AirAir, , InlandInland waterwayswaterways, , RailRail, , RoadRoad or or SeaSea..

IntroductionIntroduction

Crude OilCrude Oil

ChemicalsChemicals

FertilizerFertilizer

PesticidePesticideCementCement Dyes Dyes -- PaintsPaints Petroleum ProductsPetroleum Products Petrochemical Petrochemical Products Products Hazardous Waste Hazardous Waste (Industrial (Industrial –– Medical)Medical)

Dangerous GoodsDangerous Goods

Hazardous WasteHazardous Waste

HospitalHospitalNonNon--recyclable Productsrecyclable Products

Clinical CentreClinical CentreResearch CentreResearch Centre

Research CentreResearch CentreMilitary ExperimentsMilitary ExperimentsHospital Laboratory Hospital Laboratory

Medical CentreMedical CentreToxic Material ProductsToxic Material Products

Non Use ByNon Use By--ProductsProducts

Chemical Solvent Chemical Solvent Petroleum Solvent Petroleum Solvent

Industrial Medical Radioactive

Pesticides Pesticides

law of the transport and loading of law of the transport and loading of Dangerous GoodsDangerous Goods

The handling and carriage of Dangerous Goods The handling and carriage of Dangerous Goods must bemust becarried out carried out in full compliancein full compliance with :with :

-- The laws of the country from while the Dangerous Goods are The laws of the country from while the Dangerous Goods are being being shippedshipped..

-- The laws of the country in whose vehicle or The laws of the country in whose vehicle or ship ship is is movedmoved..

-- The laws of any country through which the goods will The laws of any country through which the goods will transittransit..

-- The laws of the country of The laws of the country of destinationdestination..

Various parties are involved in the transport of Various parties are involved in the transport of dangerous goods:dangerous goods:--SShipperhipper

FFreight reight FForwarderorwarderCCarrier arrier

WWarehousing arehousing PPort ort AAuthorityuthority

To provide the safe transport of dangerous goods, To provide the safe transport of dangerous goods, everyoneeveryone involved shall properly :involved shall properly :

PPrepare repare HHandleandle

TTransportransportSStoragetorage

The goods. The goods.

Responsibilities of the Responsibilities of the parties parties

in the transport chainin the transport chain

The shipper is the key to the transport of dangerous goods. The shipper is the key to the transport of dangerous goods.

They have the majority of responsibilities prior to the They have the majority of responsibilities prior to the carriage.carriage.

Recognize and identify the dangerous goods.Recognize and identify the dangerous goods.

Provide clear information on the nature and class of the Provide clear information on the nature and class of the dangerous goods.dangerous goods.

Package the dangerous cargo with required packaging.Package the dangerous cargo with required packaging.

Shipper’s ResponsibilityShipper’s Responsibility

The freight forwarder as a middleThe freight forwarder as a middle--man man has the has the following main duties:following main duties:

• • Select safe ways of transportation and handling of Select safe ways of transportation and handling of the goods.the goods.

• Advise the shipper on all implications and • Advise the shipper on all implications and requirements of the transport of the goods and requirements of the transport of the goods and verify that the shipper has followed the regulations. verify that the shipper has followed the regulations.

Freight Forwarder’s ResponsibilityFreight Forwarder’s Responsibility

The carrier makes the final decision whether The carrier makes the final decision whether to accept a shipment for carriage or not. to accept a shipment for carriage or not.

The carrier has many responsibilities in the The carrier has many responsibilities in the transport of dangerous goods.transport of dangerous goods.

Acceptance and verification that the shipment Acceptance and verification that the shipment of dangerous goods has been properly of dangerous goods has been properly prepared. prepared.

Carrier’s ResponsibilityCarrier’s Responsibility

A warehousing company will have the A warehousing company will have the following following responsibilitiesresponsibilities::

Provide capable staff for handling of dangerous goods.Provide capable staff for handling of dangerous goods. Provide appropriate and well maintained equipment for Provide appropriate and well maintained equipment for

the storage and handling of dangerous goods.the storage and handling of dangerous goods. Store and handle the dangerous goods in separated areas Store and handle the dangerous goods in separated areas

if needed.if needed. Responsible for safety and security precautions. Responsible for safety and security precautions.

Third Party Responsibility Third Party Responsibility (Warehousing)(Warehousing)

A risk is the probability or threat that the A risk is the probability or threat that the safety or security of an asset, person, or safety or security of an asset, person, or object is damaged e.g. object is damaged e.g. injuredinjured,, lostlost, or , or destroyeddestroyed..

Risk management should provide protective Risk management should provide protective measures to reduce measures to reduce these risksthese risks..

Risk Management Risk Management

Classes and DivisionClasses and Division

Class Class 11 : : ExplosivesExplosives

Class Class 22 : : GasesGases

Class Class 33 : : FlammableFlammable LiquidsLiquids

Class Class 44 : : Flammable SolidsFlammable Solids

Class Class 55 : : Oxidizing agentsOxidizing agents

Class Class 66 : : Poisonous and Infectious substancesPoisonous and Infectious substances

Class Class 77 : : Radioactive substancesRadioactive substances

Class Class 88 : : CorrosivesCorrosives

Class Class 99 : : MiscellaneousMiscellaneous

In spite of the preventive regulations, measures and In spite of the preventive regulations, measures and cautions, cautions, accidentsaccidents or or incidentsincidents with dangerous with dangerous goods during transport will happen occasionally.goods during transport will happen occasionally.

AccidentAccident is defined as an occurrence associated with is defined as an occurrence associated with and related to the transport of dangerous goods and related to the transport of dangerous goods which which results in:results in:--• Fatal or serious injury to a person• Fatal or serious injury to a person• Major damage to property or the environment• Major damage to property or the environment

Accidents & Accidents & Incidents Incidents

If, other than an accident, the occurrence has If, other than an accident, the occurrence has resulted in either of the following, it is defined resulted in either of the following, it is defined as an as an incident:incident:• Injury to a person.• Injury to a person.• Damage to property of • Damage to property of the environment.the environment.

• Fire.• Fire.• Breakage.• Breakage.• Spillage.• Spillage.• Leakage of fluid or radiation.• Leakage of fluid or radiation.• Other evidence that the integrity of the • Other evidence that the integrity of the

packaging has not been maintained. packaging has not been maintained.

Every year more than Every year more than 1515..000 000 ships ships ETA Egyptian ports & ETA Egyptian ports & this ports divided to : this ports divided to :

1515 GGeneral portseneral ports13 13 PPetroleum Portetroleum Port

1414 TTouristic Port ouristic Port

Which present along about Which present along about 3000 3000 km. km. of of Red Sea Red Sea and and The The Midditerinian SeaMidditerinian Sea, , ( Egyptian coasts )( Egyptian coasts )

2020..000 000 ships ships (approximately ) pass annually (approximately ) pass annually through Suez Canal carrying more than through Suez Canal carrying more than 100 100 million tonsmillion tons of crude oil and its derivatives.of crude oil and its derivatives.

1414..000 000 km. km. of pipelines scattered in Egypt of pipelines scattered in Egypt carrying about carrying about 117 117 million tons million tons of crude oil.of crude oil.

Safety and Security Safety and Security Requirements Requirements

In order to protect the safety of people, logistics objects In order to protect the safety of people, logistics objects and the environment, The United Nations has determined a and the environment, The United Nations has determined a list of over list of over 30003000 dangerous goods and their characteristics. dangerous goods and their characteristics.

This list forms the basis for international legislation in the This list forms the basis for international legislation in the field of dangerous goods transport by water, road, air, and field of dangerous goods transport by water, road, air, and rail.rail.

Transport and Warehousing Transport and Warehousing

The safety requirements for transport and warehousing The safety requirements for transport and warehousing depend on :depend on :

The type of The type of GGoodsoodsThe type of The type of TTransportransport

These requirements generally address the following:These requirements generally address the following: Construction and equipment of means of transport. Construction and equipment of means of transport. Marks and placard , giving proper information on the Marks and placard , giving proper information on the nature of the goods. nature of the goods.

Maximum allowed quantities of certain substances.Maximum allowed quantities of certain substances. Capability of staff.Capability of staff. Packaging.Packaging. Stowage, segregationStowage, segregationof certain substances.of certain substances.

These are integrated systems that comprise:These are integrated systems that comprise:

Computer systems for flexible vehicle scheduling and route Computer systems for flexible vehicle scheduling and route planning.planning.

Continuous communication between planning department Continuous communication between planning department and truck drivers using telephone/internet applications.and truck drivers using telephone/internet applications.

Real time vehicle positioning using satellites and GPS. Real time vehicle positioning using satellites and GPS.

GPS GPS -- Monitoring & Information Systems Monitoring & Information Systems for Road Vehicles & Unitsfor Road Vehicles & Units

Moreover, computer supported systems are Moreover, computer supported systems are implemented to identify shipments, pallets etc. during implemented to identify shipments, pallets etc. during each step in the transport process.each step in the transport process.

This enables the transport company to:This enables the transport company to:

-- increase the efficiency of operations.increase the efficiency of operations.

-- improve their service level to the customers.improve their service level to the customers.

-- Continually be informed About the Continually be informed About the Exact location Exact location of of dangerous goods which are under their responsibility.dangerous goods which are under their responsibility.

M.V : Rina” SinkingM.V : Rina” Sinking““))2011 2011 October October ( ( In New Zealand In New Zealand

Examples of containers Examples of containers transportation accidents transportation accidents

Example of container damaged during Example of container damaged during the transport of Dangerous Goodsthe transport of Dangerous Goods

We should look for We should look for Dangerous Goods Dangerous Goods on the basis of an on the basis of an Integrated SystemIntegrated System ( handling ( handling -- transportation transportation –– storage )storage )

The identify responsibility of The identify responsibility of ShipperShipper, , Freight Forward Freight Forward CarriersCarriers, , WarehousingWarehousing must be well known .must be well known .

Summery & Conclusions Summery & Conclusions

Most accidents occur Most accidents occur due to:due to:

1 1 -- Methods of stowage.Methods of stowage.

2 2 -- Method of storage on the Ship.Method of storage on the Ship.

3 3 -- Method of storage on Warehouses.Method of storage on Warehouses.

4 4 -- Lack and incorrect data and items of Datasheets for Dangerous goods and it’s Lack and incorrect data and items of Datasheets for Dangerous goods and it’s ingredients , , Most Of Road Traffic Unsuitable For Some Kinds Of D.G.ingredients , , Most Of Road Traffic Unsuitable For Some Kinds Of D.G.

5 5 -- lake of information and experience for the familiar crew dealing with dangerous lake of information and experience for the familiar crew dealing with dangerous goods during the ( handling goods during the ( handling -- transportation transportation –– storage)storage)

6 6 -- No experience and qualified companies can dealing with Dangerous Cargo.No experience and qualified companies can dealing with Dangerous Cargo.

7 7 -- Specialized Warehouses equipped with fire fitting , safety system and experience Specialized Warehouses equipped with fire fitting , safety system and experience workers Must be present and establish in all ports. workers Must be present and establish in all ports.

We Should focus on We Should focus on specialized advanced specialized advanced training program training program for workers in the field of for workers in the field of dangerous goods. dangerous goods.

The Specialized maritime and air transport The Specialized maritime and air transport institutes and academies must apply Dangerous institutes and academies must apply Dangerous good learning course good learning course in their study programin their study program..

Must legally, Do not allow transfer of Must legally, Do not allow transfer of dangerous goods containers, dangerous goods containers, exceptexcept by by specialized transport companies have a specially specialized transport companies have a specially qualified license for their qualified license for their driversdrivers and and equipments.equipments.

GPSGPS system must be applied to system must be applied to controlcontrol ,,monitoringmonitoringand and follow follow –– up up dangerous goods since arrival to the dangerous goods since arrival to the port until delivered to the client .port until delivered to the client .

Must be sure that the recipient of Dangerous Goods Must be sure that the recipient of Dangerous Goods aware aware enough enough and and know how to deal with it know how to deal with it especially during especially during incident .incident .

The written language of Dangerous GoodsThe written language of Dangerous Goodsdocuments and Datasheet documents and Datasheet must be must be inin

CCountryountry LLanguageanguage

Accurate and clear Accurate and clear DATA BASE systemsDATA BASE systems must be available if must be available if require .require .

All Dangerous Good’s labels All Dangerous Good’s labels should beshould beremoved from the containerremoved from the container ( or masked ) as ( or masked ) as soon as the container can be considered nonsoon as the container can be considered non--hazardous.hazardous.

Create a modern Create a modern electronic gates electronic gates at the entrances of at the entrances of marinemarineportsports and and airportsairports and and landland portsports to to detect radioactive detect radioactive materials inside the containers or bags.materials inside the containers or bags.

High Committee High Committee With high specialist and consultant for the With high specialist and consultant for the port authority to port authority to how to deal with Dangerous Goodshow to deal with Dangerous Goods..

Contingency Planning Contingency Planning For Dangerous Goods Must Be For Dangerous Goods Must Be Prepared On The National & International Levels.Prepared On The National & International Levels.

AllAll loadingloading and and unloadingunloading ports equipped to ports equipped to receive receive the tankersthe tankers as well as all as well as all dockyardsdockyards, shall be fitted , shall be fitted out with out with adequate facilitiesadequate facilities to receive the harmful to receive the harmful liquid substances and their wastes.liquid substances and their wastes.