Dr. Manoj S Kamat M . Com ( G o l d M e d a l i s t ) , N E T, P G D B A , F D P I I M I n d o re ,

P h D. ( F i n a n ce ) I I T B om b a y , P o s t D o c t o ra l Fe l l ow ( E co n om i c P o l i c y )

Household & Asset Holding Patterns in Goa:

Evidence using Census Data 2011

Background

A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring and recording information about the members of a given population

Censuses in Egypt are said to have been taken during the early Pharaonic period in 3340 BC

The oldest recorded census in India: 300 BC during the reign of the Emperor Chandragupta Maurya under the leadership of Chanakya

The next known record: Reign of Akbar the enlightened Mughal Emperor of India

Modern Census

The modern Indian census is the largest single source of a variety of statistical information on different characteristics of the people of India and has a history of more than 130 years

The responsibility of conducting the decennial Census rests with the Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India under Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India.

Modern Indian census: best conducted census in the world

Spread

Spread across 35 states and union territories, the Census covered 640 districts, 5767 talukas, 7742 towns and more than 6 lac villages.

2.7 million officials visited households in 7,935 towns and 6,40,867 villages, classifying the population according to gender, religion, education and occupation.

The cost of the exercise was approximately 2,200 crore (US$438.9 million) – this comes to less than $ 0.5 per person, well below the estimated world average of $4.6 per person

Goa’s Population Highlights

Goa Population Highlights…

Goa: State Code 30: 3064 enumerators and 509 supervisors

As per the report published post Census 2011, the total population of Goa is 14, 57, 723

It is the 25th ranking state among the other Indian states in regards to the total population

The population of Goa forms 0.12 percent of India in 2011. In 2001, the figure was 0.13 percent

Indian population growth rate is 17.64%, and literacy rate is 74.4%

Male to Female Ratio 2011: 968 2001: 961

National: 940 N Goa is 959 S Goa is 980 Liberation time: 1068 females to 1000 males

Population Density

Per square km density is 394

National: 382

N Goa is 471

S Goa is 326

Goa forms barely one per cent of the total landmass of India.

The population density here is higher than Karnataka and Maharashtra indicating incrementally rising pressure on available land resources.

Urbanisation

Urban:

Population of 5,000 and above having a population density of 400 persons per sq km. and having at least 75 per cent of male working population engaged in non-agricultural activity were considered.

From just 5 recognised census towns in 1961, within 50 years, Goa now boasts 70 census towns

2001 census had found only 45 census towns.

Urban population in Goa is above 62 per cent

Around two-third of house structures in urban areas

Only 13 municipalities and a single corporation

Why are villages transforming willingly into towns?

Does Regional Plan 2021 factors urbanisation and identify the fundamental limits of land use?

How many people would the town planners cram within just 70-80 thousand hectares of land available for all types of development?

Unprecedented Transition

Literacy Rate

Literacy is 87.4%

Higher than national average of 74%

N Goa is 88.85

S Goa is 85.53

Goa has surpassed the target of literacy rate of 85% set by the Planning Commission to be achieved by 2011-2012

Literacy is 92.81 percent among males and 81.84 percent in females.

1 . HOUSEHOLD BY OWNERSHIP STA TUS ( K)

2 . HOUSEHOLDS BY NUMBER OF DWELLING ROOMS ( L)

3. HOUSEHOLD BY HOUSEHOLD SIZE ( M)

4. HOUSEHOLDS BY NUMBER OF MA RRIED COUPLE (N)

5. HOUSEHOLDS A VA ILING BA NKING SERVICES ( V)

6. HOUSEHOLDS BY POSSESSION OF A SSETS (W)

Census House

Means a structure commercial / residential / social / religious

May be occupied or vacant

May be a building, part of building or an independent unit having separate entrance

5,76,582 total census houses, out of which around 4.5 lakh occupied

Census Houses

5,76,582

25% increase in last 10 years

2,04,479 in rural areas and 3,72,103 in urban areas

out of the total 5.76 lac, 1,25,503 are found to be vacant houses, while 4,51,079 are occupied.

Thus the percentage of occupied houses is 78 per cent in 2011 compared to 83.1 percent in 2001

One in every five house in Goa is vacant

The data further points out that the number of vacant houses is more in North Goa (72,527) compared to South

Reason for increase in the number of vacant houses could be the absence of the family members in the houses when the enumerators visited them, for they may have gone out on a tour or so, or that the owners are not inhabiting them

The previous government had assured that it would levy hefty occupancy tax on second flats or homes whose owners who do not live at the premises. However, the proposal was not implemented.

Residential Households

Occupied census houses used as residence: 3,14,414 out of 5.74 lacs

Large no. of occupied residential dwellings in rural areas (contrary to our common understanding)

Large no. of unoccupied residential houses in urban areas

Average total residents per residential dwelling: 4-5

The percent of occupied locked census houses in Goa is 1.8

This figure is highest among all states in India

The national average is 0.4

Condition of Census House

98% of census houses are in Good & Liveable

Very insignificant are dilapidated,

Dilapidated more in rural areas (-2% than 2001)

Dilapidated more in S Goa

5% of rural and 2.5 of urban houses have vulnerable roofs (average -13% than 2001)

20% of rural and 8 of urban houses have vulnerable walls (average -11% than 2001)

30% of rural and 8 of urban houses have mud flooring (average -15% than 2001)

74.3% of households in Goa are made of stones (Pucca houses) compared to national average of 14.1%

This figure is largest among other states (Kerala: 56.9 & Lakshadweep (45.5)

43.6% households in Goa have mosaic tiles &/or better, as house flooring compared to national average of 10.8%

This figure is largest among other states (Maharashtra: 36.8 & Gujarat (36.2)

Ownership Status/Rooms/ Inmates

More per cent of owned houses in North Goa (81.3) compared to S Goa (75.8)

Around 20% of households have 1/no exclusive rooms

(-3% compared to 2001)

The incidences of 1/no exclusive rooms are more in S Goa than in N Goa

Around 2.5% of households have more than 2 married couples (National average is above 4%)

Drinking Water

85% of households use tap water for drinking

+16% compared to 2001

Rural :77%, U: 90%

11 % of households use well water for drinking

-15% compared to 2001

Rural : 15%, Urban : 8%

Well water consumption higher in North Goa

Electricity/ Telephone/Vehicle

97 per cent households in the state are using electricity as main source of lighting

Altogether 1,273 houses in Goa are yet to receive electricity connections

More incidences of no electricity in S Goa

89 per cent of total houses have either landline telephone or mobile

Around 81.5 per cent of them have either a 2 wheeler and /or a car (Largest among all the states) compared to 25.7% national average

Asset Holdings

Bathroom

Sanitation

16 per cent of household have no facility of even public toilets

Situation worst in rural areas

Drainage

Just over 43 per cent of the houses in Goa have closed drainage

25 per cent have open drainage

31 per cent houses are without any drainage

Cooking Medium

Nearly 21 per cent depend on firewood, besides 4 per cent of them using kerosene for cooking.

The percentage of households using traditional cow dung cakes for this purpose is only 0.2 per cent.

South Goa scores better in terms of use of Telephone, Tap water, Latrine, bathing and drainage connectivity, relatively compared with North Goa

31.1% of Goan household have a computer/laptop (Largest among all the states) compared to 9.5% national average

Internet connectivity is possessed by around 12.7% of the total Goan households (Largest among all the states ) compared to 3.1% national average

Financial Inclusiveness

87 % of households avail Banking Services, compared to national average of 58.7% (next only to A&N Islands & H of around 89%)

Rural Goa:85 % , Urban Goa:88 %

Summary

The indicators for house listing data for Goa looks very good as compared to rest of the country

Indicators of Asset Holding and Financial Inclusiveness are best

High Urbanization

Unbalanced Growth

Sanitation, Drainage, Bathrooms, still a concern

m s k a m a t @ g m a i l . c o m

Thank You