MANIFEST DESTINY &MANIFEST DESTINY &WESTWARD EXPANSIONWESTWARD EXPANSION

•Manifest Destiny – Manifest Destiny – God given God given right to expand from sea to right to expand from sea to shining seashining sea

– After 1820, people started After 1820, people started moving moving WestWest

Missouri CompromiseMissouri Compromise

• In 1818, the U.S. consisted of In 1818, the U.S. consisted of 1111 free free states and states and 1111 slave states slave states

• In 1820, In 1820, MissouriMissouri wanted to enter the wanted to enter the Union as a Union as a slaveslave state, which would state, which would upset the balance of power in the upset the balance of power in the SenateSenate

Missouri CompromiseMissouri Compromise

• Henry Clay comes to the rescue with a Henry Clay comes to the rescue with a compromise:compromise:

1.1. MissouriMissouri enters as a slave state enters as a slave state

2.2. MaineMaine enters as a free state enters as a free state

3.3. The The 3636°30’ line°30’ line is established for the is established for the rest of the Louisiana Territory. Anything rest of the Louisiana Territory. Anything northnorth of the line would be free territory, of the line would be free territory, anything anything southsouth would be slave territory would be slave territory

““Fifty-Four Forty or Fight”Fifty-Four Forty or Fight”

• Slogan used by war Slogan used by war hawks to take all of the hawks to take all of the Oregon CountryOregon Country

• In 1846, the U.S. and In 1846, the U.S. and Great BritainGreat Britain agree to agree to split the land along the split the land along the 4949thth parallel parallel – the – the current U.S. boundary current U.S. boundary with Canada. (Treaty of with Canada. (Treaty of Oregon signed by Oregon signed by President James K. Polk)President James K. Polk)

Texas RevolutionTexas Revolution

1.1. 1821 – Mexico gains independence 1821 – Mexico gains independence from Spainfrom Spain

2.2. Mexico Mexico allowsallows many many AmericansAmericans to to settle in the region of Texassettle in the region of Texas

3.3. 1835 – settlers wanted to govern 1835 – settlers wanted to govern themselves and rebelledthemselves and rebelled

4.4. 1836 – “1836 – “Remember the AlamoRemember the Alamo”; ”; Texas Texas gainsgains independence from independence from MexicoMexico

Texas RevolutionTexas Revolution

5.5. 1838 – Texas asks U.S. to 1838 – Texas asks U.S. to annexannex or or taketake it. Pro-slavery said YES; Anti- it. Pro-slavery said YES; Anti-slavery said NO!slavery said NO!

6.6. 1844 – 1844 – James K. PolkJames K. Polk wins wins presidency presidency by promising by promising EXPANSION of U.S. territoryEXPANSION of U.S. territory

7.7. 1845 – Texas 1845 – Texas entersenters the Union the Union

War with MexicoWar with Mexico

a.a. 1845 – President Polk tried to 1845 – President Polk tried to buy buy CaliforniaCalifornia and and NevadaNevada. Mexico said “. Mexico said “NoNo””

b.b. Polk sent in the Polk sent in the armyarmy to claim the area. to claim the area. He convinces He convinces CongressCongress to declare war! to declare war!

c.c. Many Many northernersnortherners oppose the war oppose the war because they do not want any more because they do not want any more slaveslave states states

War with MexicoWar with Mexico

d.d. 1848 – U.S. wins the war! Mexico 1848 – U.S. wins the war! Mexico cedescedes California, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah California, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah and parts of three other states.and parts of three other states.

e.e. Treaty of Treaty of Guadalupe HidalgoGuadalupe Hidalgo• U.S. paid $15 million to MexicoU.S. paid $15 million to Mexico

f.f. 1854 – 1854 – Gadsen PurchaseGadsen Purchase U.S. bought the U.S. bought the rest of Arizona from Mexico for $10 rest of Arizona from Mexico for $10 million million – to build a railroad around the – to build a railroad around the Rocky MountainsRocky Mountains

California Gold California Gold RushRush1.1. 1848 – gold 1848 – gold

discovered in discovered in California!California!

2.2. Thousands of people, Thousands of people, called “called “49’er49’er” rushed ” rushed out to get richout to get rich

3.3. 1850 – California 1850 – California admitted as a admitted as a statestate (through another of (through another of Henry Clay’s Henry Clay’s compromises – compromises – Compromise of 1850)Compromise of 1850)

Numbers to Ponder…Numbers to Ponder…

• By 1850 - 90,000 had moved to CaliforniaBy 1850 - 90,000 had moved to California

• By 1855 – 300,000 gold seekers, By 1855 – 300,000 gold seekers, immigrants, and merchants had moved to immigrants, and merchants had moved to California – including 20,000 Chinese California – including 20,000 Chinese immigrants landing in San Francisco immigrants landing in San Francisco HarborHarbor

• From 1847 to 1870, the population of San From 1847 to 1870, the population of San Francisco swelled from 500 people to over Francisco swelled from 500 people to over 150,000 people!150,000 people!