Manifest DestinyChapter 13

“from sea to shining sea”

Manifest Destiny Manifest Destiny - the belief many Americans had that we should expand all the way to the Pacific “from sea to shining sea.” By 1844, this became government policy

Atlantic Ocean

Pacific Ocean

From sea to shining sea!

Manifest Destiny pictures

•Pictures of people moving

•The desire to move west and expand

How did we get all the land? The U.S. got land many different ways.

Through treaties Through war Negotiations Through agreements with other countries

The United States already had the land in green from winning the Revolutionary War with the British

Louisiana Purchase Louisiana Purchase – 1803 –

Thomas Jefferson purchased this land from the French for $15 million.

It doubled the size of the United States

Florida Adams-Onis Treaty – 1819 –

Spain gave Florida to the United States.

U.S. paid $5 million as part of the treaty

Spain was having problems with the Indians in Florida and gave up its claim.

Texas Annexation Originally Texas was owned by the

Spanish and was called Tejas. In 1821, Mexico gained its

independence from Spain and Tejas became Mexico.

Stephen Austin began attracting Americans to Tejas - soon there were more Americans in Tejas than Tejanos.

Texas Annexation A rebellion began – Americans fought for

independence from Mexico and won. The Lone Star Republic was formed

Texas Annexation – 1845 – President James Polk added Texas to the United States in 1845 To annex – to add

Problem: Mexico and the US disagreed on the Southern border of Texas Rio Grande v. Nueces River 100 miles difference

Oregon Territory Oregon Territory – 1846 – the

United States and Britain agreed to divide the Oregon territory in half.

This serves as the border between the US and Canada

Mexican Cession As a result of the Texas border

dispute, Mexico and America went to war.

In Feb. 1848, the war officially ended with the signing of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo Mexican Cession – 1848 – Mexico

ceded (gave up) this land to the U.S. as part of the treaty after the war.

U.S. would pay $15 million to Mexico Area includes present-day California, Nevada,

Utah, parts of New Mexico and Arizona Mexico also agreed

that the Rio Grande would be the southern border of Texas.

Gadsden Purchase Gadsden Purchase – 1853 –

Mexico sold this land to the U.S. for $10 million. It is the last piece to complete the U.S.

The U.S. wanted it for the railroad – to avoid the Rocky Mtns.

http://youtu.be/Qrjg9ulR-xo

The Whole Map

12

3

5

4

6

7

Order of territories gained

1. United States from Rev. War 17832. Louisiana Purchase 18033. Florida 18194. Texas Annexation 18455. Oregon Territory 18466. Mexican Cession 18487. Gadsden Purchase 1853

Trails West

Heading West Once all this new land and territory was

gained, people began to move west. Reasons people moved west:

1. Land speculators bought huge amounts of land hoping to make money

2. In search of new markets to sell goods

3. In search of gold and wealth

4. Religious reasons

Santa Fe Trail•People in New Mexico were eager for new merchandise

•Many traveled the Santa Fe Trail to Santa Fe New Mexico in search of new markets for goods.

Oregon Trail•Tales of Oregon’s great land and climate tempted people to travel there.

•Many traveled the Oregon Trail to head northwest and begin new lives. http://youtu.be/UF_DMbsK2Dk

Mormon Trail•While most pioneers went in search of wealth, the Mormons went for religious reasons.

•Mormons traveled to Salt Lake City on the Mormon Trail and settled in Utah.•Brigham Young, the Mormon leader, moved his people to Utah hoping his people would be left to follow their faith in peace.

•Not all agreed with the Mormon teachings.

Gold! John Sutter, a Swiss immigrant, bought

50,000 acres in California James Marshall, a carpenter, was building a

sawmill on Sutter’s Mill when “my eye caught a glimpse of something shining… I reached my hand down and picked it up; for I was certain

it was gold!”

Gold Rush Thousands of Americans raced to California in hopes

of finding gold themselves This became known as the California Gold Rush http://youtu.be/QxekRM5-uMU

A forty-niner became known as someone who went to California in 1849 to seek gold.

Rush is over The gold rush was over by 1852. While it lasted 250,000 people (mostly

men) flooded to California in search of gold Effects of the gold rush:

1. This huge migration of people cause economic growth that changed California forever.

2. Native Americans died from disease and were pushed off land.

3. California applied for statehood.

Primary and Secondary Sources

Where do historians get their information??

Where??Historians use a wide variety of sources to answer questions about the past. In their research, history scholars use both primary sources and secondary sources

Primary SourceWhat is a primary source?

Primary sources are actual records that have survived from the past.

Examples include:– letters– documents– photographs/posters– articles of clothing– original speeches written by actual people

Primary Source ExamplesPrimary sources are actual records that have survived from the past.

Declaration of Independence

Washington’s handwritten farewell address

An original slave reward poster

An actual drawing from Meriwether Lewis from his journal

Secondary SourceWhat is a secondary source?

Secondary sources are accounts of the past created by people writing about events sometime after they happened. Examples include:– history textbook – Books written about famous people in

history (biographies)– A conversation with someone about famous

people in history

Secondary Source ExamplesSecondary sources are accounts of the past created by people writing about events sometime after they happened.

A conversation about Thomas Jefferson with Thomas Jefferson’s great-great-great granddaughter

A book written about George Washington (a biography)