Manifest Destiny

The belief that America should spread from coast to coast!

2

“Manifest Destiny”Belief that the US should expand its territory from coast

to coast

American Progress by George A. Crofutt and John Gast

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1. Who is the woman in white?

2. What two objects is she holding?

3. What are the pioneers doing?

4. What types of transportation can be seen?

5. What are the Native Americans and animals doing?

6. What direction are they traveling?

7. What is your opinion of manifest destiny as it is depicted in this painting?

Reasons for Manifest Destiny: Political

Fear of foreign powers invadingSpanish, French, English, and Mexican

Desire to spread Democracy and the “American” way of life

Desire to spread the institution of slavery

Reasons for Manifest Destiny: Economic

Belief that people could become more wealthy (Gold rush, natural resources)

Land speculators bought huge tracts of land and sold it for a profit

Reasons for Manifest Destiny: Social

Racism Escape from religious persecution (Mormons) Famine and economic struggles

Irish potato famine (145-1850) Belief that all people should own plot of land to

keep the country free“American Dream”

7

US Territorial Expansion

A

When?

From Where?

Why?

• 1776

• Great Britain

• US declared independence from Great Britain

A - 13 Original Colonies

8

US Territorial Expansion

A

When?

From Where?

Why?

• 1783

• Great Britain

• Results of Treaty of Paris (ended Revolutionary War)

B

B - Western Lands

9

US Territorial Expansion

A

When?

From Where?

Why?

• 1803

• France

• Napoleon needed $

• Jefferson wanted to buy New Orleans

• He got all of this instead!

B

C - Louisiana Purchase

C

10

US Territorial Expansion

A

When?

From Where?

Why?

• 1819

• Spain

• Andrew Jackson invaded

• Spain then sold it to us for $5 million

B

D - Florida

C

D

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Thinking Question

(don’t write this down!! Just think!)

Why weren’t Americans happy with the size of their country at this point in their history?

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Mr. Manifest Destiny

James K. Polk• Elected President in

1844

• 11th President• We have skipped a few…

• Added more territory to the US (by any means) than any other President

Texas Independence March 1, 1836: Texas declared

Independence Elected Sam Houston as

President

Houston’s troops attacked Santa Ana at San Jacinto in April 1836

Under force, Santa Ana signs Treaty of Velasco

Mexican government rejected the treaty and never recognized Texas Independence

U.S. Annexation of Texas Texas immediately ask for

annexation by U.S. Annexation: to incorporate

a territory into another North opposes because

they fear spread of slavery Texas remains an

independent nation until March 1, 1845

Mexico sees annexation as a declaration of war

Factors Leading to Mexican-American War

Mexican anger over annexation of Texas (1846) Dispute over Texas/Mexican border

Nueces River or Rio Grande Instability of Mexican government

19 governments in 25 years Polk Administration’s drive to expand U.S.

Polk saw his mandate as creating a coast-to-coast nation

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo Terms:

Recognized Texas as part of the U.S.

Gave up the Mexican Cession (1848)

Annexed half of Mexico to the U.S. U.S. Paid $15 million to Mexico for

territory.

Created Rio Grande as international border

In 1853 Gadsden Purchase solidifies southern boundary Mexico sells it to us for $10

million

“from sea to shining sea”

Oregon: 54° 40’ or Fight! In his campaign, Polk talked

about taking all of Oregon 54° 40’ or Fight! Was on of his

slogans

Rather than fight, he settled for half

U.S. and Britain decide to divide Oregon Extended the boundary already

dividing the U.S. and Canada Boundary remains today

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US Territorial Expansion

A

When?

From Where?

Why?

•1845

•Republic of Texas

•Texas independent from Mexico in 1836

•Northerners feared it would become a slave state

•Annexed in 1845 despite Northern fears

B

E - Texas

C

E D

19

US Territorial Expansion

A

When?

From Where?

Why?

•1846

•Great Britain

•Claimed by four countries (Britain, Russia, Spain, & US)

•Americans demanded “54° 40’ or fight!”

•Britain compromised 49° & US accepted

B

F - Oregon Territory

C

E

F

D

20

US Territorial Expansion

A

When?

From Where?

Why?

•1848

•Mexico

•Polk offers to buy “G” from Mexico & they refuse

•War!

•US wins

•In Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, US offers $15 million for “G”

B

G - Mexican Cession

C

E

F

G

D

California Gold Rush and the 49-ers! James Marshall was building a

sawmill when he spotted gold in the river

Word got out and people from all over the world raced to California in 1849

Mexico, South America, Europe, Australia, China- 20,000!

Nick-named the Forty-Niners Thousands of men hoped to get

rich quick then go home The majority did not gain any wealth

and could not afford to return home

By 1852, all of the gold was gone but California now had a population of over 250,000

Could now become the first state in the West

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US Territorial Expansion

A

When?

From Where?

Why?

•1853

•Mexico

• Wanted it to build a railroad

•Sold it to U.S. for $10 million

• Part of today’s Arizona and New Mexico

• Solidifies our southern border

B

F- Gadsden Purchase

D

C

E

F

G

F

Jigsaw: Trails West You will be researching 3 of the main trails used by settlers during Manifest

Destiny You will find your information:

Creating America pgs. 379-381 Each person in your “home group” (based on group number) will be researching

a different trail: Pink: Santa Fe Green: Oregon Orange: Mormon

You will move from your “home group” to an “expert group” where all three of you will be researching the same trail (based on color)

Once your expert group has read and found the required information, each of you will return to your “home group” and teach the other 2-3 people about your trail