manifest destiny 1800-1850. section 1 migrating to the west what were the causes of westward...
TRANSCRIPT
Manifest DestinyManifest Destiny
1800-18501800-1850
Manifest DestinyManifest Destiny
Section 1Section 1
Migrating to the WestMigrating to the West
What were the causes of westward What were the causes of westward migrations?migrations?
Manifest DestinyManifest Destiny
Manifest DestinyManifest Destiny – the belief that America – the belief that America was destined to stretch across continent. was destined to stretch across continent.
This suggested that expansion was not This suggested that expansion was not only good but bound to happen. only good but bound to happen.
Popular among many for different reasonsPopular among many for different reasons Southern expansionists & Northern Southern expansionists & Northern
abolitionists saw opportunities to expand abolitionists saw opportunities to expand their power in Congresstheir power in Congress
Manifest Destiny became a gov’t policy Manifest Destiny became a gov’t policy under James K. Polk (11th president) under James K. Polk (11th president)
Manifest Destiny Expansion came at the expense of Expansion came at the expense of
Indians and MexicansIndians and Mexicans ““Manifest Destiny” mentioned in Manifest Destiny” mentioned in
an 1845 newspaper editorial:an 1845 newspaper editorial: ““The American claim is by the right The American claim is by the right
to our to our manifest destinymanifest destiny to overspread to overspread and possess the whole of the and possess the whole of the continent which Providence has continent which Providence has given us for the development of the given us for the development of the great experiment of liberty and . . . great experiment of liberty and . . . self-government entrusted to us.” self-government entrusted to us.” --John L. O’Sullivan - John L. O’Sullivan - New York Morning News - New York Morning News - December 27, 1845December 27, 1845
Buffalo & Indians are driven into obscurity…
“American Progress” by John Gast, 1872
Lady Liberty“Star of Empire”
Carries a schoolbook… …and
telegraph wire
…as settlers move westward
“The tools of progress”
Americans Look WestwardAmericans Look Westward
1821 – Revolution overturned Spanish rule in 1821 – Revolution overturned Spanish rule in Mexico, U.S. recognized Mexico as a republicMexico, U.S. recognized Mexico as a republic
American American expansionistsexpansionists – those who favored U.S. – those who favored U.S. territorial growth – looked at Texas, New Mexico, territorial growth – looked at Texas, New Mexico, California as targets for American expansionCalifornia as targets for American expansion Few people living thereFew people living there Rich in resourcesRich in resources Mexican government and economy weak after Mexican government and economy weak after
revolutionrevolution Mexicans did not deserve to keep territory Mexicans did not deserve to keep territory
Americans neededAmericans needed
US Territorial Expansion
A
When?
From Where?
Why?
•1776
•Great Britain
•US declared independence from Great Britain
A - 13 Original Colonies
US Territorial Expansion
A
When?
From Where?
Why?
•1783
•Great Britain
•Part of results of Treaty of Paris (ended Revolutionary War)
B
B - Western Lands
US Territorial Expansion
A
When?
From Where?
Why?
•1803
•France
•Napoleon needed $
•Jefferson wanted to buy New Orleans
•He got all of this instead!
B
C - Louisiana Purchase
C
US Territorial Expansion
A
When?
From Where?
Why?
•1819
•Spain
•Andrew Jackson invaded
•Spain then sold it to us for $5 million
B
D - Florida
D
C
US Territorial Expansion
A
When?
From Where?
Why?
•1845
•Republic of Texas (Independent Country)
•Texas independent from Mexico in 1836
•Northerners feared it would become a slave state •Fears finally overcome in 1844 Presidential election
B
E - Texas
D
C
E
US Territorial Expansion
A
When?
From Where?
Why?
•1846
•Great Britain
•Claimed by four countries (G. Britain, Russia, Spain, & US)
•Americans demanded “54° 40’ or fight!”
•Britain compromised 49° & US accepted
B
F - Oregon Territory
D
C
E
F
US Territorial Expansion
A
When?
From Where?
Why?
•1848
•Mexico
•Polk offers to buy G from Mexico & they refuse
•War!
•US wins
•In Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, US offers $15 million for G
B
G - Mexican Cession
D
C
E
F
G
Obstacles Technology Indian Tribes Law and Order Forests had to be cleared to make
way for new cities- ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT?
Technology Interchangeable Parts (1801) Cotton Gin (1793) & McCormick
Reaper (1831) – accelerated farming Steamboats (1807) & railroads
(1850’s) – provide faster movement of goods & services
Telegraph (1837) – speeds up the pace of business
Different kinds of people move westward than had done during the 1600’s/1700’s (IN ORDER)• Land Speculators overran the tribes
looking for quick profits & ignoring treaties (which the gov’t also ignored)
• “The Law” (Gov’t, Police) follow the criminals
• Religious Zealots - People who are extremely religious
Not Your Father’s Migration!
1. Sharing of Knowledge1. Sharing of Knowledge
Trappers like Trappers like Jedediah SmithJedediah Smith and and Jim Jim BridgerBridger explored the west taking beaver explored the west taking beaver peltspelts Explored the RockiesExplored the Rockies
finding routes throughfinding routes through
the mountains to the the mountains to the
west coastwest coast Shared knowledge of Shared knowledge of
routes with pioneersroutes with pioneers
Explorations of Jedediah SmithExplorations of Jedediah Smith
Southern Route Protected Southern Route Protected Pioneers!Pioneers!
2. Trade with Other Countries2. Trade with Other Countries Mexican independence (1821) encouraged Mexican independence (1821) encouraged
tradetrade Merchants from Missouri opened trade across Merchants from Missouri opened trade across
Great Plains with Santa Fe, capital of New Great Plains with Santa Fe, capital of New MexicoMexico Welcomed by Welcomed by
MexicoMexico Trade moved alongTrade moved along
what become known what become known
as the as the Santa Fe TrailSanta Fe Trail
3. Opportunities to Own Land3. Opportunities to Own Land In 1836 missionaries In 1836 missionaries Marcus and Narcissa Marcus and Narcissa
WhitmanWhitman followed what would be the Oregon followed what would be the Oregon Trail to the Willamette Valley in Oregon Trail to the Willamette Valley in Oregon territoryterritory Founded Indian missionFounded Indian mission
at Walla Walla at Walla Walla Later led wagon trains Later led wagon trains
to Oregon establishingto Oregon establishing
the trail as the way tothe trail as the way to
get to Oregonget to Oregon Killed by Cayuse IndiansKilled by Cayuse Indians
in 1847in 1847
Oregon TrailOregon Trail
4. Religious Reasons4. Religious Reasons Mormons move west – after Joseph Smith Mormons move west – after Joseph Smith
was killed in Illinois in 1844, leadership of was killed in Illinois in 1844, leadership of Mormon Church passed to Mormon Church passed to Brigham YoungBrigham Young 1847 Young led Mormon Exodus 1847 Young led Mormon Exodus
to east shore of Great Salt Laketo east shore of Great Salt Lake Successful settlement Successful settlement
in desertin desert By 1860 over 40,000By 1860 over 40,000
Mormons in the WestMormons in the West
5. Land Speculation Some Americans wanted to take
away rich lands from Natives Louisiana Purchase (1803) legitimized
expansion Speculators saw Natives as savages and
not worthy of the land
The Results??The Results?? Wagons West – trains of 10 to 100 wagons Wagons West – trains of 10 to 100 wagons
moved settlers the 2000 miles from moved settlers the 2000 miles from Missouri to Oregon or CaliforniaMissouri to Oregon or California 260,000 Americans260,000 Americans
made the tripmade the trip Trip took 5 monthsTrip took 5 months Donner Party (cannibalism)Donner Party (cannibalism)
showed the danger showed the danger Those that made itThose that made it
got better farms got better farms
A Massive Migration Census reports record the new movement
westward (1800-1840) Ohio: 50,000-1.5 million Illinois: 12,000-500,000 Alabama: 22,000-127,000
By 1837, the number of states doubled to 26 Michigan, Ohio, Illinois,
Kentucky, Alabama, Tennessee, Mississippi, Indiana
Effects on Nation
Events directly affected by “Manifest Destiny” 1. Indian Wars and Removal (1830’s)2. The Alamo (1835) 3. Mexican War (1846)4. Gold Rush (1849)5. Reliance on slavery spins nation into Civil War (1861)
