1. 1An Experimental Study ofSmall-Sized Conical SpoutedBeds (CSBs)11th ASME Early Career Technical ConferenceGeorgia Institute of Technology, November 4-5, 2011Mandeep Sharma, Matthew Lousteau, Dr. Ingmar SchoeglDepartment of Mechanical EngineeringLouisiana State University 2. 2BackgroundMathur and Gishler introduced Spouted BedReactors at NRC Canada in 1954 Alternative for drying moist wheat grains (peas,lentils and flax) Combustion of solid and heavy liquid fuels Potential for gasification and pyrolysis of wastes: Biomass (rice husk, pine or hard wood saw dustetc.) Plastics Tires 3. 3Objective Major goal: develop a laboratory scale CSB gasifier facility for generating H2 from biomass Reactor design depends on hydrodynamic parameters Minimum Spouting Velocity Pressure drop across the bed Results from the Cold Flow CSB reactor model provides foundation for hot flow CSB reactor 4. 4Conical Spouting BedContacting of solids with fluid by injecting a steadyaxial jet of fluidSpouting behaviorSchematic of CSB reactor model 5. 5Unique Characteristics of CSBs Suitable for treatment of coarse, sticky, moistand irregular shaped material Short residence time Better heat and mass transfer inside the reactor Economical 6. 6Minimum Spouting Velocity (ums)o - minimum superficial fluid velocity at which inert particles bed remains in the spouted state Two ways to find itExperimentalTheoretical 7. 7Experiment 8. 8Cold Flow CSB model Fluidizing medium: Air Bed material: Aluminum oxide particles (dp = 483m and 1092 m, = 3960 Kg/m3) Column: ID of 63.5 mm Fluid inlet diameters: 6.35 mm, 4.572 mm and3.302 mm The stagnated bed height: 10 mm to 50 mm- 60conical contactor 9. 9CSB Cold Flow SetupAirSchematic of experimental set-up: (1) air manifold, (2) air filter (3), control valve, (4/5)rotameters, (6) air inlet pipe, (7/8) pressure taps at bed inlet and outlet, (9) U-tubemanometer, (10) conical contactor, (11) bed material, and (12) cylindrical column. 10. 10Different Spouting Regimes 11. 11Effect of system parameters on (ums)o Effect of different Ho, Do and dp on (ums)o 12. 12Theoretical way 13. 13Existing Correlations for (ums)o Source Correlation Eqn.Markowski(1)(1983)Choi (1992) (2)Gorshtein(3)(1964)Mukhlenov(4)(1965)Tsvik (1967)(5)Olazar (1992) (6)Olazar (1996) (7)Bi (1997) (for(8)Db/Do 1.66) They used significantly larger CSBs than the model investigated in present study 14. 14 Summary of operating parameters used previouslyand in the present studySource Particle D0 DcDiHo (mm)size (mm)(mm) (mm) (mm)(deg)Markowski et 3.41 ~ 300 ~5.6 ~3.36 ~5.6 ~ 300 37al. (1983) 10.351100300690Choi et al. 2.1 ~ 2.8 240 ~ 240 ~21 ~ 35 3860(1992) 450 400Olazar et al. 0.95 ~ 2528 ~70 ~30 ~ 6036060(1992)45 300Bi H. T. et al. 1.16 12.7 ~ 65 ~ 30 ~80 ~ 38.1(1997)25.495.860 335Present Study0.483,3.3 ~63.5 ~ 3.3~ 30, 60 10 ~ 65(2011) 1.092 9.52570 9.52Evaluation of accuracy and applicability ofexisting correlations for ums required small sizedCSBs 15. 15Evaluation of Correlations contdCorrelations predictions comparison withexperimental results for a particular set of operatingparameters 16. 16Evaluation of Correlations contdFor one particular data set- e.g. 60, 483 m, 6.35 mm Do best performing correlations align with the diagonal line 17. 17Evaluation of Correlationscontd Comparison of Gorshtein correlation for all data sets 18. 18Evaluation of CorrelationscontdComparison of Mukhlenov correlation for all data sets 19. 19Evaluation of Correlations contd Comparison of Tsvik correlation for all data sets 20. 20Evaluation of CorrelationscontdComparison of Choi correlation for all data sets 21. 21Poor performance of correlations: 22. 22Proposed Correlation 23. 23Proposed correlation shows excellent agreement with experiments 75 oPresent Study, 60 cone angle 70+ 16.3 %0.483 mm dp, 6.350 mm Do 65 0.483 mm dp, 4.572 mm Do 60 0.483 mm dp, 3.302 mm Do 55 1.092 mm dp, 6.350 mm Do Predicted (ums)o, m/s 50 1.092 mm dp, 4.572 mm Do- 17.15 % 45 1.092 mm dp, 3.302 mm Do 40 35 30 25 20 15 10500 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 Experimental (ums)o, m/s 24. 24Conclusions Available Correlations have shortcomings forsmall-sized laboratory scale CSB studies Developed Simple empirical correlation for (ums)oShowed excellent agreement with experimentalfindings Results provide platform for design and fabricationof hot flow facility 25. 25Work in Progress Additional tests required for the development of auniversally applicable correlation for umspredictions for small-sized laboratory scale CSBs. Data acquisition system installation design and development of a laboratory scaleCSB biomass gasifier for H2 generation 26. 26Questions? 27. 27Thank You!Acknowledgement: Louisiana State University Council onResearch Faculty Research Grant Program 28. 28Backup Slides 29. 29Pressure Drop MeasurementsEffects of Ho and Do on stable pressure drops and maximum pressure drops