MSE608B

Abdullah Aldegaiter

professor: Mohammed Rajai

Managing Personal Stress

Agenda:

Improving the Management of stress and time

Major Elements of Stress

Managing Stress

Eliminating stressors

Developing Resiliency

Temporary Stress Reduction Techniques

Personal Case Study

Conclusion

Improving the Management of Stress and Time

Every time a survey is done, The percentage of workers feeling highly stressed is highly increasing.

Due to job stress, 1 million workers are absent from work each day .

Only in USA, more than $12 billion will be used on stress management training and products.

According to 25 years old study of employee’s surveys, incompetent management is the largest cause of of workplace stress.

Reference : American Institute of StressThe National Institute for Occupational SafetyAmerican Psychological Association

Major Elements of Stress Lewin’s theory:

• All individuals and organizations exist in an environment filled with reinforcing or opposing forces.

• The forces affecting individuals are normally balanced in the force field.

• There will be change in performance when the forces become imbalanced.

• Certain stressors inside or outside individual are from stress feelings

Reaction to stressThere are 3 stages of stress people have to face respectively: Alarm stage Resistance stage Exhaustion stage

There are 5 types of defense mechanisms:

Aggression: attack stressor directly Regression: use behavior that was successful before Repression: deny that stress exists Withdrawal: leave stressful situation Fixation: persist in response regardless of effectiveness.

RESILIENCY•Physical•Psychological•Social

REACTIONS•Physiological•Psychological

STRESSORS•Anticipatory•Encounter•Time•Situational

Major element of stress

Coping with sress:1. Enactive strategies: create new environment free of stressor.

2. Proactive strategies: create dynamic resist negative stress.

3. Reactive strategies: minimize temporarily the effect of stress.

Managing StressThere are 4 main types of stressors:

Time Stressors : Situational Stressors: Work overload Rapid Change lack of control unfavorable working conditions

Encounter stressors: Anticipatory stressors: Role conflicts unpleasant expectationIssue conflicts Fear Action conflicts

Eliminating StressorsType of Stressor Elimination StrategyTime Efficient time management delegating

Encounter Collaboration and team building emotional intelligence

Situational Work redesign

Anticipatory Goal setting

A- Time management:

Eliminating StressorsManaging Time Stressor Efficiently:

1) focusing in the important cases, not just the urgent one.

2) knowing the difference between the important and the urgent cases.

3) no matter what method you use, result is always the most important thing.

4) keep the word ‘’NO’’ in your dally use.

Stress Reduction:

The graph below shows the percentage of effective tools for reducing stress

Eliminating StressorsThere are 2 ways to Eliminate encounter stressors :

1) collaboration: join stable knit group.

2) Emotionally intelligent people can:

a) Can recognize their own emotions and manage them b) empathize with the emotions of others c) regulate emotionally influenced behavior and by managing others emotions.

Eliminating StressorsCreating a goal is one of the strategies that you can use to get rid of anticipatory stressors.

Small win is the second way that you can use to eliminate anticipatory stressor.

work redesign which include ( combine tasks, form identifiable work unit, establish customer relationship, increase decision and open feed back channels) is the best way to eliminate situational stressors.

There are 4 steps that help to make a goal setting:

Step 1: ID desired goal Step 2: ID necessary actions to achieve goal Step 3: Gain members buy-in Step 4: Evaluate and reward

Developing ResiliencyIt is basically the way you manage the negative effect of stress and come back in your feet.

It is one of the important elements for managing stress.

Some stressors will not leave you, its part of your personal factors. Because of that you can got to conclusion that resiliency is different among people.

Developing ResiliencyThere are 3 main components of resiliency development:

1: physiological Resiliency: good health help you always with stress ( work out, eat right) .

2: Social Resiliency : having a good relationship with people around you( family, friends, girlfriend).

3: psychological Resiliency: like I said people are different , so there are people who can handle stress very well and there are others who had hard time getting rid of it.

Temporary Stress Reduction Techniques Muscle relaxation Deep breathing Imagery and fantasy

Rehearsal Reframing

Personal Case StudyIn 2013, it was my last year in CSULB and I was in so much stress for several reasons. One of the reasons was complexity and difficulty of the 400 levels classes. Also, failing was not an option because my scholarship was going to expired in the last month of the year, and there was no way to extend that. Furthermore, I want to start my master degree right away, so I was preparing for the GRE in the same time I was finishing my last year in school.

facts:

o 28 percent of college women and 24 percent of college men rated sleep difficulties as "traumatic or very difficult to handle" within the last 12 months. –American College Health Association's Spring 2013 National College Health Assessment

Effects of the problem Effects: • lack of sleep• Lost concentration • No social life • Spending so much money in expensive books and tutoring

Solutions of the problem

o New environment : started dinning out with my friends on break time

o Temporarily action: heading to the gym when I feel I cant take more studying and release my anger over there.

o Dynamic resist: adapt this style of life by understanding that what I am going face in the future or more pressure

Conclusion Summary:

Some facts about stress and how it is effecting the economy.

Explained what is lewin’s is all about .

Reaction of stress and major elements of it.

Eliminating Stressors ,developing Resiliency and stress Reduction .

Case study

Gaining Power and Influence

MSE608B Abdullah Aldegaiter professor: Mohammed Rajai

AgendaBuilding a strong power base and using influence wisely

A balanced View of Power

Strategies for gaining organizational power

transforming power into influence

Conclusion

Building a strong power base and using influence wisely

Political competence: it is skill that people gain from experience.

According to fortune magazine report, ’Fearless and ambitious unseasoned twenty-something's flooding the managerial market’’

in 1998, almost 12 percent of young employees (20-34) got hired in managers position even thought they have no experience but they had the respect from the hole organization.

Professor John Kotter has great influence in his students, he help them to be more strong and face the difficulties from the earlier age by assigning the areal life assignment. ( Bogdan J.Dawidowicz)

Abalance View of PowerMangers and leaders should understand the best way of using power in the work field , so they could gain from it.

Outstanding leaders share significant characteristics:

1) they made other feel powerful

2) know how to build a strong power base in their organizations

3) they know how to be influential(the gain accomplish from their peer)

A Balanced View of Power

Powerlessness creates bossiness and not true leadership.

The negative view of personal power is especially common in cultures that place a high value on ascription, rather than achievement, and on collectivism, rather than individualism( Triandis,1994;trompenaars.1996).

The main goal of having a balance view of power is to help mangers to stay on the top of the power curve ( page 256), and this could be done by having these 2 skills: 1-Overcome feelings of powerlessness 2-Use it for interpersonal influence

People with a personal power outlook use power for personal gain .

A Balanced View of Powero Powerful mangers can :

1) solve any conflict between employees.

2) putting the right person in the right position

3) making accomplishment and be outstanding decision makers

Strategies for gaining organizational powerThe power is the potential of influence behavior.

Personal attributes and position character are the 2 factors to determine personal power in an organization.

We need to use power wisely when :

1 : organizations are become less hierarchical, they downsize the layers or the organizations.

2: Information Technology (IT) is a good source for organization’s decentralization.

3: traditional boundaries within and between organization become blurred.

Strategies for gaining organizational powerCharacteristic of personal power :

1: Expertise – task relevant knowledge 2: personal Attraction – describe characteristic associated with friendship 3: Effort – higher than expected commitment of time 4: Legitimacy – behavior consistent with key organizational value

Leader’s charisma: 1:Inspiring people and explore a vision 2:Be scarified 3:Act as unconventional 4:Sensitive towered people

Relationship between personal power and trustworthy:

Experties Reliable

Effort Dependable

Relationship between personal power and trustworthy:

Attraction Likable

Legitimacy Acceptable

Strategies for Gaining Organizational PowerCharacteristic of position power: 1) Centrality: having the power to access to information in communication network 2) Flexibility: A mount of discretion vested in a position 3)Visibility : basically, ‘’ lead by example’’ 4) Relevance :what you do matters

Centrality : 1)Horizontal work relationship attached with similar level of power. 2) Vertical work relationship attached with different level of power. 3)Increase level of power characterize different approach strategies

Flexibility : Position with ease rules can manage the work easily

Strategies for Gaining Organizational PowerVisibility

1:Direct contact communication 2:Involve in problem solving 3: Name recognition

Transforming Power into InfluenceThere are 3 ways to turn your power to influence:

1. Retribution: using direct approach to force people to do what you say or pressure them .

2. Reciprocity: use either bargaining or obligation people to help them to do what u ask for

3. reason : show some evidence so people can understand or realize what you want.

Neutralization of Retribution Strategy

Neutralization of retribution strategy can be done in following ways :

o Use countervailing power to shift dependence to interdependence

o Try to resist actively

o By Confronting the exploiting individual directly.

Neutralization of reciprocity strategy can be done in following ways :

o Examine the intent of any gift or favor-giving activity

o Confront individuals who are using manipulative bargaining tactics

o Refuse to bargain with individuals who use high-pressure tactics34

Neutralizing Reason Strategies

Neutralization of reason strategy can be done in following ways :

The adverse effects of compliance on performance can explained.

One should firmly refuse to comply with the request.

By defending your personal rights

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