management strategies for riparian sensitive species · management strategies for riparian...

P. Beaudry and Associates Ltd. Integrated Watershed Management

Management Strategies for Riparian Sensitive Species

Prepared for: Mr. Gordon Clarkson

Canadian Forest Products Ltd. Vanderhoof Division

Prepared by:

Leisbet. Beaudry, R.P.F. P. Beaudry and Associates Ltd.

Integrated Watershed Management 2274 S. Nicholson Street

Prince George, B.C. V2N 1V8

and

Gilbert Proulx, Ph.D., R.P.Bio., C.W.B. Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd.

229 Lilac Terrace, Sherwood Park, Alta T8H 1W3

March 2006

P. Beaudry and Associates Ltd. Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd.

(250) 563-8405 (780) 417-0255

Management Strategies for Riparian Sensitive Species

Prepared for: Mr. Gordon Clarkson

Canadian Forest Products Ltd. Vanderhoof Division

Vanderhoof, B.C.

Prepared by: Leisbet. Beaudry, R.P.F.

P. Beaudry and Associates Ltd. Integrated Watershed Management

2274 S. Nicholson Street Prince George, B.C. V2N 1V8

and

Gilbert Proulx, Ph.D., R.P.Bio., C.W.B.

Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd. 229 Lilac Terrace,

Sherwood Park, Alta T8H 1W3

March 2006

Management Strategies for Riparian Sensitive Species for: Canfor

TABLE OF CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................... iii

1.0 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 1

2.0 METHODOLOGY ....................................................................................................... 3

3.0 RESULTS ..................................................................................................................... 6

3.1. Riparian Obligate Species........................................................................................ 6

3.2 List of Habitat Requirements for Riparian Obligate Species ................................... 6

3.3 Indicator Species....................................................................................................... 7

3.4 Species Indicators ..................................................................................................... 7

3.5 Initial Draft List of Indicators Species and Species Indicators................................. 7

3.6 Indicators by Riparian Habitat Type and Seral Stage............................................. 10

4.0 DEVELOPMENT OF DRAFT RIPARIAN MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES........ 13

5.0 FUTURE DIRECTION .............................................................................................. 16

7.0 LITERATURE CITED ............................................................................................... 17

APPENDIX I. Literature Database ................................................................................... 19

APPENDIX II. Species in the Vanderhoof DFA.............................................................. 22

APPENDIX III. Habitat Requirements............................................................................. 42

APPENDIX IV. Matrices of best indicators species ........................................................ 75

APPENDIX V. Matrices of best species indicators........................................................ 101

P. Beaudry and Associates Ltd Page i March 2006 Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd


LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1. Location of the Vanderhoof DFA........................................................................ 2 Figure 2. Stepwise approach used for the identification of ‘species indicators’ and

‘indicator species’, and the development of management strategies for each. ........... 5

LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Number of riparian obligate and related species .................................................. 6 Table 2. Vertebrate indicator species (listed by ranking). .................................................. 8 Table 3. Species indicators for vertebrate indicator species. .............................................. 8 Table 4. Plant indicator species (listed by ranking)............................................................ 8 Table 5. Species indicators for plant indicator species (listed by ranking). ....................... 9 Table 6. Fish and benthic invertebrate indicator species (listed by ranking)..................... 9 Table 7. Species indicators for fish and benthic invertebrate indicator species. .............. 10 Table 8. Proposed riparian species indicators (a mosaic of habitat components - all need

to be present) and indicator species for Vanderhoof Defined Forest Area:.............. 12 Table 9. Draft Riparian Management Strategies for Riparian Species Indicators and

Indicator Species at the site level.............................................................................. 14 Table 10.Draft Riparian Management Strategies for Riparian Species Indicators and

Indicator Species at the landscape level.................................................................... 15

P. Beaudry and Associates Ltd Page ii March 2006 Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd


EXECUTIVE SUMMARY P. Beaudry and Associates Ltd (PBA) and Alpha Wildlife Research and Management Ltd. (AWRM) were retained by Canadian Forest products Ltd (Canfor), in December 2005, to identify riparian sensitive indicator species and species indicators (habitat components of riparian species), and to develop management strategies at site and landscape levels in order to meet Canfor's SFM objectives. On the basis of an extensive literature review, we identified a scientifically sound list of forest riparian obligate species appropriate for the Vanderhoof DFA. This was followed by an identification of habitat components used by the forest riparian obligate species. Using these two lists, we identified riparian indicator species, species that use particular habitat components that other species use and riparian species indicators, habitat components critical to the majority of riparian obligate species by seral stage. For the identified indicator species and species indicators, we identified a series of management strategies at the stand and landscape level. The indicators and proposed management strategies are provided in Tables Exec-1 and Exec-2.

P. Beaudry and Associates Ltd Page iii March 2006 Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd


Table Exec-1. Proposed indicators and management strategies for lotic (moving water) riparian ecosystems. Species Indicators Indicator Species Site Level Management Landscape Level

Management Early seral Indicators

Mosaic of Habitat • forest edge • large woody debris • shrubs (some overhanging)

(some Salix sp.) • water temperature <15oC • clean, oxygenated water • medium-sized gravel with

intra-gravel flow

• mink & long-tailed weasel

• (river otter – S3, S2, S1)

• (moose – S6 to S1)

Mid- and Late- Seral Indicators

Mosaic of Habitat • forest (conifer, deciduous

and mixed) • forest edge • wildlife trees • snags • woody debris • shrubs (some overhanging

and some Salix and Ribes sp.)

• water temperature <15oC • clean, oxygenated water • medium-sized gravel with

intra-gravel flow


• (river otter –S3, S2, S1)

• (moose – S6 to S1)

Late seral only • eastern kingbird

(S6 to S1)

S1, S2 and S3 streams • As per FPC 1995. S4, S6 streams • Maintain 50 to 70% of the natural

levels of shading and light intensity reaching the stream surface and forest floor. (Assess using concept of angular canopy density).

• Protect existing advance regeneration (to 12.5cm dbh) within 10m of stream edge.

• Protect shrubs and herbs within 5m of stream edge; 10m if the streambank has >60% slope for >3m slope length.

• Provide a 5m machine free zone (MFZ).

• Retain a minimum of 15 trees > 15cm dbh per 100m of which 8 trees are > 30 cm. dbh; within 10m of stream.

• Do not leave excessive branches in stream.

• Favour placement of WTP's1 in riparian areas

• Minimize the number of stream crossings.

• Use effective erosion and sediment controls at all stream crossings during construction, throughout their use and deactivation.

• Conduct regular road inspection and maintenance activities.

• Retention along smaller streams (S4, S6) at the site level will improve landscape connectivity.

1 WTP - Wildlife Tree Patches

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Table Exec-2. Proposed indicators and management strategies for lentic (lakes and wetlands) riparian ecosystems. Species Indicators Indicator Species Site Level Management Landscape Level

Management Early seral Indicators

Mosaic of Habitat • forest edge • shrubs (some Salix sp.) • organic detritus sources Wetlands only • mineral soil (organic

veneers<10cm) • small ponds

• mink & long-tailed weasel.

• (beaver, moose)

Mid- and Late- Seral Indicators

Mosaic of Habitat • forest (conifer, deciduous and

mixed) • forest edge • wildlife trees • snags • woody debris • shrubs (some Salix and Ribes

sp.) • organic detritus sources Wetlands only • Swampy forest • mineral soil (organic

veneers<10cm) • small ponds


• (beaver, moose) • Late seral only -

eastern kingbird (S6 to S1)

Lakes and Wetlands >5ha • As per FPC 1995 Lakes and Wetlands 1-5 ha • 10 m RRZ and 20m RMZ. Lakes and Wetlands < 1 ha • 5m machine free zone. • Protect shrubs and advance

regeneration (to 12.5cm) within 10m of wetland edge.

• Retain 1 tree (> 15cm dbh) every 10m of perimeter length. Preferred species are 1o deciduous trees, 2o conifers; 3o snags (dead or dying trees).

• No stubbing of trees or snags.

• Minimize the number of stream crossings.

• Use effective erosion and sediment controls at all stream crossings during construction, throughout their use and deactivation.


• Retention along smaller wetlands <5 ha at the site level will improve landscape connectivity.

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1.0 INTRODUCTION Canadian Forest Products Ltd. (Canfor), Vanderhoof Division, is a CSA-certified operation for its Sustainable Forest Management Plan (SFM) in the Vanderhoof Defined Forest Area (DFA) (Figure 1). In order to meet SFM objectives, Canfor developed a Sustainability Project framework for all operations that includes the development of Criteria & Indicators. Criteria were identified to clearly define results-based management objectives; indicators will be used to determine whether or not these objectives are being met. Therefore, Criteria & Indicators provide a comprehensive set of targets to implement SFM within an adaptive management framework not only during decision-support planning but also ongoing monitoring. Criteria & Indicators In order to meet the Canadian Council of Forest Ministers’ biodiversity concerns in riparian ecosystems, Canfor has developed two criteria and related indicators: Criteria 1. Sustainability of biological richness.

Indicator 1. Riparian-sensitive terrestrial or aquatic species that occur in the Vanderhoof District.

Criteria 2. Maintenance and enhancement of forest ecosystem conditions and

productivity. Indicator 2. Management strategies for habitat of species identified for Indicator 1.

P. Beaudry and Associates Ltd (PBA) and Alpha Wildlife Research and Management Ltd. (AWRM) were retained by Canfor, in December 2005, to develop these two indicators in order to meet Canfor's SFM objectives. In particular we have identified riparian sensitive indicator species and species indicators (habitat components of riparian species) and developed management strategies at the site and landscape level for riparian sensitive species. A more complete series of objectives follows:

1. Complete an extensive literature review on riparian sensitive species (terrestrial and aquatic, plant and animal species) that can be found in areas surrounding or within the Vanderhoof Defined Forest Area (DFA).

2. Develop a scientifically defensible list of forest riparian obligate species appropriate for the Vanderhoof DFA.

3. Identify habitat components used by these riparian -obligate species in each habitat type.

4. From steps 2 and 3 identify indicator species (species representing the most species in a habitat type) and species indicators (habitat components used by the most species in a habitat type) for the Vanderhoof DFA.

5. For the identified indicator species and species indicators identified, provide draft management strategies at the landscape and stand level that can be used in operational and site plans where applicable.

P. Beaudry and Associates Ltd Page 1 March 2006 Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd

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Fraser Lake

VanderhoofBurns Lake

Ucluelet

Lillooet

Lytton Merritt

New Aiyansh

Ashcroft

Houston

Fort Nelson

Stewart

MackenzieHazelton

Smithers

TerracePrince Rupert

Kitimat

Fort St. James

Prince George

Chetwynd

Fort St. John

Dawson Creek

Tumbler Ridge

McBride

Quesnel

Williams Lake

100 Mile House

Revelstoke

Salmon ArmKamloops

Vernon

Kelowna

SummerlandPrinceton C

TrOsoyoos

Hope

AbbotsfordSurrey

Squamish

Whistler

Parksville

Duncan

Powell RiverCourtenay

Campbell River

Port McNeill

Bella Bella

Bella Coola

Masset

West Vancouver

Horsefly

Alexis Creek

ueen Charlotte City

Dease Lake

S

Nakus

MidwayKent

Ladysmith

Gold River

Zeballos

Sayward Pemberton

Clinton

Logan Lake

Lake Country

Spallumcheen

Sicamous

Port Alice

Granisle

Valemount

Hudson's Hope

Wells

Lakes

Parks and P.A.

Streams and Rivers

Main Highway

Cities and Towns

Prince George TSA

Vanderhoof DFA

Legend

.50 0 50 100 150

Kilometers

Figure 1. Location of the Vanderhoof DFA


2.0 METHODOLOGY Literature Search We completed an extensive review of scientific journals, books, field guides, symposia, and technical reports with the objective of identifying riparian sensitive species that may be found in areas surrounding and within the Vanderhoof Defined Forest Area (DFA). We reported sources of reference in a searchable Excel database on CD (Appendix 1) with the following information:

Author Year of publication Title Source A citation of the publication or website Keywords For searches of the database a list of keywords will be

provided Unique reference number a short way to refer to the source document that will be

used in summary tables, indicator lists and management strategies summaries.

Development of a List of Riparian Species On the basis of our literature search, we identified riparian obligates, i.e., species that require riparian habitat, or a critical component of riparian habitat, to complete their life cycle or to survive. This list of riparian species, and the habitat elements that are judged critical to their survival, was used in the identification of indicator species and species indicators. To determine if an ecosystem or plant species was riparian obligate or wetland the Forest Practices Code (1995) definition of a wetland was used. A wetland must have a predominance of hydrophytic vegetation and subhydric or hydric soils with a Bg (dull gray gleyed) horizon within 30cm of the mineral surface or organic peat over mineral soils. Wetlands may be treed with an open canopy (<15% canopy closure of trees >12.5cm dbh); have up to 2m of standing water; and include shrub-carrs. Ecosystems that met these criteria were considered wetland ecosystems. Plant species that were limited to organic soils were considered wetland species. Identification of Indicator Species Because monitoring and managing all aspects of biodiversity is difficult, time-consuming and costly, we used the concept of “Indicator species” whereby attention is focused on a few species and their habitats. An indicator species is a species whose presence indicates the presence of favourable environmental conditions for this species, and for other species with similar habitat requirements. The concept of indicator species has been used as a coarse-filter approach to manage whole communities of species in complex



ecosystems (Ruggiero et al. 1988, Wilcove 1993, McLaren et al. 1998, Proulx 2005). In this project, indicator species may be used to identify specific or general riparian habitats, and they may be monitored to assess the status of such riparian habitats in managed landscapes. On the basis of preferred habitat requirements of each obligate species, we produced cross-matrices for each taxon, e.g., arthropods, birds, mammals, etc. This led to the identification of species which habitat requirements best represented those of other obligate riparian species. Identification of Species Indicators Since Canfor has the responsibility for managing habitats (and not necessarily the individual riparian obligate species), focusing management on habitat components (elements) rather than species may be a more effective approach to manage for biodiversity. We defined “Species indicators” as habitat components whose presence is indicative of habitat conditions sought by given species and communities. On the basis of the list of habitat features that best represented the habitats of obligate riparian species, we identified species indicators, which are those elements that met the needs of most riparian species. Integrating the concepts of Indicator Species with Species Indicators We integrated indicator species and species indicators to develop management strategies that Canfor may adopt to maintain riparian habitats and their biodiversity. The development of such strategies took into consideration current legislations and practices. The stepwise process used in the identification of indicators and the development of management strategies is summarized in Figure 2.


Riparian Management Strategies for Riparian Sensitive Species for: Canfor

Identification of forest dwelling species found in the Vanderhoof DFA. Determination of obligate riparian species.

Identification of SFM Ispecies indicators: i.e. haused by most species for

Identifistrategi

Figure 2. Stepwise app

indicators’, and th

P. Beaudry and Associates Alpha Wildlife Research &

Identification of habitat components (or critical components) used by riparian-obligate species in

each habitat type

ndicator 1 - best bitat components each habitat type

Identification of SFM Indicator 1 - best indicator species: i.e. species

representing the most species per habitat type, using a species cross-

matrix

cation of SFM Indicator 2 – best management es for:

- Indicator Species - Species Indicators

Cross-matrix of best species indicator – best indicator species

roach used for the identification of ‘indicator species’ and ‘species e development of management strategies for each.

Ltd Page 5 March 2006 Management Ltd


3.0 RESULTS

3.1. Riparian Obligate Species A total of 208 animals, plants and plant communities were classified as riparian obligates. Fifty vertebrates were considered shoreline obligates. Twenty-six plants and ecological communities were classified as wetland aquatic (Table 1). Table 1. Number of riparian obligate and related species

Taxon Obligate Riparian Forest Obligate Shoreline Amphibians 3 1 Reptiles 1 0 Birds 35 48 Mammals 9 1 Fish 33 not tallied Invertebrates 58 not tallied Riparian Obligate Wetland Aquatic Ecological communities 15 16 Plants 72 17 Some of the identified aquatic species are forest dependent requiring habitat attributes that are managed throughout the watershed but are not clearly riparian dependent. For example peamouth chub require cool lakewater for spawning (Scott and Crossman 1973), which is dependent on the temperature of the streams entering the lake and not necessarily lakeshore riparian management. These species were considered "inferred" riparian obligate species (Appendix II). No studies were found on species that inhabit lakes. There were also few studies on benthic invertebrates, and all of them were from areas surrounding the Vanderhoof DFA. The macrofungi (including mycorhizae) have limited data throughout BC let alone specific to the Vanderhoof area. Finally, many of the invertebrates had limited habitat data and their requirements for riparian habitat are currently unknown (Appendix II).

3.2 List of Habitat Requirements for Riparian Obligate Species For each riparian obligate species associated with early- (0-40 years of age), mid- (40-80 years) and late- (≥ 80 years) riparian forests, we identified specific habitat components that best described their habitats. These habitat requirements are listed in Appendix III for each of the main species groups (animals, plants, fish and invertebrates). Each species requires a number of habitat components to survive and though the habitat components are listed separately it does not imply that one habitat component can stand alone or has more value than other habitat components. If only a couple of the species habitat components exist in a riparian forest, the species will probably not use that portion of riparian forest.



Not all species have extensive information on their habitat component requirements. For example little is know about the ecological and environmental factors of molluscs in BC (Lee and Ackerman 2000) and many of the benthic invertebrates.

3.3 Indicator Species We created a cross-matrix of species by seral stage and habitat type, using the preferred habitat components identified above (Appendix IV). We identified three broad groups of indicator species: animal, plant and aquatic (fish and invertebrate) species with this process (Tables A3a, A3b, A3c, A3d). The cross-matrices must be read down the columns. A mark in the vertical column means that the species at the top of the column uses the habitat components required by the species listed in the left column. If there is not a mark in the column, it does not mean that the two species may not be found together, but that they do not use all the same habitat characteristics. Two species may live together but one may be a poor indicator of the other when it does not require a habitat component that is critical for the survival of the first species. For example, in streams, riffle beetles do not require overhanging vegetation to lay their eggs, while it is critical for stoneflies. It is important to realize that some species use a variety of seral stages and riparian habitats while others are limited to a single seral stage. For some species there was no data indicating a seral stage preference. In particular, fish species live in a stream for a variety of reasons including streamflow levels, presence of food, temperature, etc. none of which are directly linked to seral stage but conditions of the entire stream length. Similarly, the benthic invertebrate literature search resulted in no clear links to seral stage. While benthic invertebrate abundance may change with seral stages, this variation may not be caused by the adjacent seral stage. Indeed, downstream drift (larvae and adults) depends on up-stream riparian conditions for a particular stream reach. For the fish and the benthic invertebrates, only one seral stage table was developed.

3.4 Species Indicators Using a process similar to the one described for indicator species, we identified a series of species indicators (Appendix V)

3.5 Initial Draft List of Indicators Species and Species Indicators Preliminary lists of indicators species and species indicators were developed for broad groups, e.g., animal, plant and aquatic species (Table 2 to 7).



Table 2. Vertebrate indicator species (listed by ranking). Early seral (~0-40 yrs) Mid Seral (~40-80 yrs) Late Seral (80+ yrs) Mink Long-tailed weasel Eastern kingbird River otter Eastern kingbird Long-tailed weasel Beaver Mink Mink Long-tailed weasel River otter River otter Moose Moose Table 3. Species indicators for vertebrate indicator species. Early seral (~0-40 yrs) Mid Seral (~40-80 yrs) Late Seral (80+ yrs) Forest edge Forest edge Coniferous forest Shrubs and brush Coniferous forest Forest edge Deciduous forest Mixedwood forest Mixedwood forest Deciduous forest Shrubs and brush Snags Swampy forest Shrubs and brush Wildlife trees Wildlife trees Woody debris Swampy forest Snags Woody debris Table 4. Plant indicator species (listed by ranking). Riparian Habitat Type

Early seral Riparian Indicator Plants (0-40 yrs)

Riparian Habitat Type

Mature Riparian Indicator Plants (80 yrs +)

stream/ wetland Carex aquatilis Stream/ wetland Carex disperma stream/ wetland Carex utriculata Stream/ wetland Carex utriculata stream/ wetland Carex disperma wetland Auloconmium palustre stream/ wetland Carex lasiocarpa Stream Equisetum sylvaticum wetland Auloconmium palustre Stream/ wetland Carex leptalea wetland Comarum palustre Stream Ribes triste wetland Salix pedicellaris wetland Betula nana wetland Equisetum fluviatile Stream/ wetland Ribes hudsonium wetland Tomenthypnum nitens Stream Actea rubra stream Salix glauca Stream Equisetum pratense wetland Drepanocladus sp. Stream/ wetland Platanthera obtusata stream Salix bebbiana wetland Sphagnum girgensohnii wetland Ledum glandulosum stream Equisetum sylvaticum stream/ wetland Typha latifolia stream/ wetland Juncus balticus



Table 5. Species indicators for plant indicator species (listed by ranking).

Riparian Plant Indicators (all seral stages) eutrophic nutrient range mesotrophic nutrient range mineral soil deeper water tables (>40cm) high water tables (20-40cm) very high water tables (0-19cm) thin peat or organic veneers < 10cm gleysol soil orders fluvial parent material very eutrophic nutrient range

Table 6. Fish and benthic invertebrate indicator species (listed by ranking).

Indicator species for all seral stages Mountain Whitefish Largescale sucker Chinook salmon Diptera order Ephemeroptera order Plectoptera order Nemouridae family (early winter stone) Perlodidae family (perlodid stoneflies) Trichoptera order Leptoceridae (longhorned casemakers) Limnephilidae (northern case makers) Lotic habitat only (moving water) Leuctridae (needleflies) Taeniopterygidae (Taeniopterygid broadbacks)



Table 7. Species indicators for fish and benthic invertebrates. Species indicators for fish (all seral stages)

Species indicators for benthic invertebrates (all seral stages)

Large woody debris (lotic) Lotic (moving water)

Pollution sensitive (silt, Oxygen, etc)

Water temperature <15oC (lotic) Organic detritus Medium-sized gravel bottom with intra-gravel flow (lotic)

Land on side of stream/river

Along lakeshores, shallow (lentic) Overhanging vegetation Emergent vegetation Boulders, cobbles and rock bottoms Lentic

(standing water) Organic detritus

Small ponds Pollution tolerant (silt, oxygen) Along lakeshore-littoral (ie water edge

of lake) Vegetated bottom - algae

3.6 Indicators by Riparian Habitat Type and Seral Stage A cross-matrix between species indicators and indicator species provided us with a better understanding of the relationship existing between indicator species and special habitat components and allowed us to refine the initial draft lists of indicators. When creating the matrix between the indicators species and species indicators we considered a number of factors:

• The need to identify indicators that would respond to change in a relatively rapid rate;

• The need to focus on habitat components that Canfor manages rather than species; • The need to identify indicator species and habitat components that are relatively

easy to monitor; • The need to maintain to a minimum the number of species and habitat

components requiring monitoring; and • The need to ensure that complexity of riparian environments was captured.

During this process it was recognized that the three broad groups of species, i.e. the animal plant and aquatic species, could be summarized in a simpler format. Some of the indicator plant species overlapped with the species indicators of shrubs and overhanging vegetation and thus were included in the species indicators where appropriate. Fish and aquatic invertebrates are not the best indicator species due to lack of understanding of the linkage to riparian management activities and difficulty in monitoring (Sarr 2005; Barbour et al 1999). As a result, animal species that have been clearly linked to riparian management activities are proposed as indicator species.



The matrix that was developed recognizes that different riparian habitats require different habitat components and, in some cases, may support different indicator species, in particular plant species (see Table 4). Two of the habitat components for wildlife and aquatic species were similar (shrubs and overhanging vegetation; and woody debris) so they were combined. Although soil properties are the main species indicators of plants, they do not respond rapidly to change, and therefore are not good indicators. Table 8 represents the matrix of proposed riparian species indicators and indicator species for Vanderhoof Defined Forest Area. It is important to point out that species indicators cannot be managed individually but represent a habitat mosaic where all of the listed components are required.



Table 8. Proposed riparian species indicators (a mosaic of habitat components - all need to be present) and indicator species for the Vanderhoof Defined Forest Area:

Habitat type: Early seral (0-40yrs) Mid-seral (40-80 yrs) Late seral (80+ years) Species Indicators for lotic environment (i.e. running fresh water like streams and rivers)

• forest edge • large woody debris • shrubs (some overhanging) (some

Salix sp.) • water temperature <15oC • clean, oxygenated water • medium-sized gravel with intra-gravel

flow

• forest (conifer, deciduous and mixed) • forest edge • wildlife trees • snags • woody debris • shrubs (some overhanging and some Salix

and Ribes sp.) • water temperature <15oC • clean, oxygenated water • medium-sized gravel with intra-gravel flow

• habitat mosaic same as mid-seral

Indicator Species for Lotic envir.

• mink & long-tailed weasel • (river otter –S3, S2, S1) • (moose – S6 to S1)

• mink & long-tailed weasel • (river otter –S3, S2, S1) • (moose – S6 to S1)

• mink& long-tailed weasel • (river otter – S3, S2, S1) • (moose/ eastern kingbird – S6 to S1)

Species Indicators for lentic environment like lakes and ponds

• forest edge • shrubs (some Salix sp.) • organic detritus sources

• forest (conifer, deciduous and mixed) • forest edge • wildlife trees • snags • woody debris • shrubs (some Salix and Ribes sp.) • organic detritus sources


Indicator Species-lentic

• mink & long-tailed weasel • (beaver/moose)


• mink & long-tailed weasel • (beaver/moose/eastern kingbird)

Species Indicators for wetland type lentic environments (e.g. bogs, fens, marshes, potholes etc.)

• forest edge • shrubs (some Salix sp.) • mineral soil (organic veneers<10cm) • small ponds • organic detritus sources

• Swampy forest • forest edge • wildlife trees • snags • woody debris • shrubs (some Salix sp.) • mineral soil (organic veneers<10cm) • small ponds • organic detritus sources


Indicator Species-lentic



• mink & long-tailed weasel • (beaver/moose/eastern kingbird)

P. Beaudry and Associates Ltd Page 12 March 2006 Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd.


4.0 DEVELOPMENT OF DRAFT RIPARIAN MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES Management strategies aim to maintain identified species indicators (Tables 9 and 10). These species indicators are critical habitat requirements of identified obligate riparian species in the Vanderhoof DFA. The proposed management strategies require some changes in current practices at the site level. A number of the species indicators of the mid- and late- successional forests are remnants of the pre-harvest stand and require retention during harvesting on small wetlands and streams that currently have no retention. In areas with mountain pine beetle or other tree pests or diseases, it is still critical to retain the entire RRZ and the proposed number of trees on smaller streams and wetlands. These trees are required to create the wildlife trees and woody debris (both terrestrial and aquatic) in mid- and late- successional forests. Modeling of retention of 10-12 trees per 100m has identified a significant loss of in-stream woody debris over one rotation (Beaudry 2004). Loss of in-stream woody debris will impact stream structural diversity (pools and drops), hydraulic diversity, bank stability, trapping of sediment and fine organic matter, reduce invertebrate food sources and sites for microbes and algae (Bilby and Ward 1991). Along with the draft riparian management strategies, we have identified how these management strategies fit with existing management practices and where information gaps exist. It is necessary that planners and harvest supervisors understand the intent of these draft management strategies so they can optimize site-specific retention of critical site factors in riparian forests.

P. Beaudry and Associates Ltd Page 13 February 2006 Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd.



Table 9. Draft Riparian Management Strategies for Riparian Species Indicators and Indicator Species at the site level. Habitat type Draft Riparian Management Strategy - Site Level Comments, Linkages Information Gaps S1 S2 S3

• 50m RRZ2 and 20m RMZ3 • 30m RRZ, 20m RMZ • 20m RRZ and 20m RMZ

• Existing guidelines from the FPC 19954.

• Management on large S1 rivers.

S4 to S6 • Maintain 50 to 70% of the natural levels of shading and light intensity reaching the stream surface and forest floor. (Assess using concept of angular canopy density).

• Protect existing advance regeneration (to 12.5cm dbh) within 10m of stream edge.

• Protect shrubs and herbs within 5m of stream edge; 10m if the streambank has >60% slope for >3m slope length.

• Provide a 5m machine free zone (MFZ). • Retain a minimum of 15 trees > 15cm dbh per 100m of

which 8 trees are > 30 cm. dbh; within 10m of stream. • Do not leave excessive branches in stream. • Favour placement of WTP's5 in riparian areas.

• Updated version of the Prince George District Manager Policy for small streams.

• Retention of mature trees is required to provide early seral organic detritus and mid-seral woody debris.

• Current research shows the original Policy is effective for stream temperature, sediment sources and transport, inorganic nutrients, dissolved organic matter and periphyton.

• Current research has identified the original Policy may not be sufficient in providing litterfall and long-term in-stream woody debris. (Beaudry 2004). No research results for longer-term changes of channel morphology, benthic invertebrate and fish populations.

Lakes > 5 ha Wetlands > 5 ha

• Wetlands - 10m RRZ and 40m RMZ. Lakes 10m RRZ. • As per existing guidelines from the FPC 1995.

Lakes 1-5 ha Wetlands 1- 5ha

• 10 m RRZ and 20m RMZ. • Forest edge is independent of wetland size.

Lakes < 1ha Wetlands < 1ha

• 5m machine free zone. • Protect shrubs and advance regeneration (to 12.5cm)

within 10m of wetland edge. • Retain 1 tree (> 15cm dbh) every 10m of perimeter

length. Preferred species are 1o deciduous trees, 2o conifers; 3o snags (dead or dying trees).

• No stubbing of trees or snags.

• Retention of mature trees is required to provide mid-seral wildlife trees, snags, and woody debris.

• Requires a method of confirming shrub and herb protection. Could use a cover estimate goal.

2 RRZ - Riparian reserve zone 3 RMZ - Riparian management zone 4 FPC 1995 Riparian Management Area Guidebook, Forest Practices Code of BC Dec. 1995. No changes in Part 4, Division 3 Riparian Areas of the Forest Practices and Planning Regulation BC Reg 14/2004 updated to BC Reg 102/2005. 5 WTP - Wildlife Tree Patches


Table 10.Draft Riparian Management Strategies for Riparian Species Indicators and Indicator Species at the landscape level. Habitat indicator

Draft Riparian Management Strategy - Landscape Comments, Linkages Information Gaps

Clean water • Minimize the number of stream crossings. • Use effective erosion and sediment controls at all

stream crossings during construction, throughout their use and deactivation.


• Health of larger streams depends on quality of small streams. A river network is a continuum.

• Easier to damage the less resilient small streams than larger streams.

• About 70 to 80% of streams in a watershed are small streams.

Riparian Connectivity

• Retention along smaller streams (S4, S6) and wetlands <5 ha at the site level will improve landscape connectivity.

• For NDT3 connectivity of wetlands and island remnants are most important. (FPC 1995).



5.0 FUTURE DIRECTION Since the species indicators and indicator species have been developed from a literature search and not from fieldwork, it is possible that habitat components or riparian obligate species for the Vanderhoof DFA could have been missed. It is important to verify that both the species indicators (habitat mosaic) and indicator species selected here are widespread in the riparian forest of the Vanderhoof DFA. Monitoring a number of riparian sites throughout the area will confirm if the indicator species are widespread and confirm that the habitat mosaic is used by the indicator species. A number of the proposed indicator species could be monitored at riparian sites to confirm the indicator species selection. Therefore, we recommend that the use of the indicator species and species indicators identified in this report be validated in the field in order to confirm their ability to predict the existence of functional riparian sites, We also recommend that a monitoring program be established to assess the ability of the proposed management strategies to maintain the obligate riparian species, and their habitats. Such a monitoring would allow Canfor to demonstrate that SFM Criteria 1 and 2 are adequately met in forest planning.



7.0 LITERATURE CITED Barbour, M., J. Gerritsen, B. Snyder, and J. Stribling. 1999. Rapid Bioassessment

Protocols for Use in Streams and Wadeable Rivers: Periphyton, Benthic Macroinvertebrates and Fish, Second Edition. EPA 841 – B-99-002. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Office of Water; Washington, D.C. website: www.epa.gov

Beaudry, L. 2004. Large woody debris replacement in small headwater streams in

central British Columbia. In: Scrimgeour, G., G. Eisler, B. McCulloch, and U. Silins (Eds). Forest Land - Fish II Conference: Ecosystem stewardship through collaboration. Proceedings of the 2004 Conference;, April 2004, Edmonton, Alta. p. 13-14. http://www.tucanada.org/forestlandfish2/cfp.htm

Bilby, J and R. Ward. 1991. Characteristics and function of large woody debris in

streams draining old-growth, clear-cut and second-growth forests in southwestern Washington. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 48:2499-2508.

Forest Practices Code of BC. 1995. Riparian Management Area Guidebook. BC Min.

Environment and BC Min. Forests, Victoria, BC. Forest Practices and Planning Regulation. 2004. BC Reg 14/2004. Effective January 31,

2004 including updates to BC Reg. 102/2005. Government of BC. Victoria BC. Lee, J. and J. Ackerman. 2000. Freshwater Molluscs at Risk in British Columbia: Three

Examples of "Risk". from Darling, L (ed) Proceedings of a Conference on the Biology and Management of Species and Habitats at Risk, Kamloops, BC, 15-19 Feb 1999. Volume 1. BC Min. of Environ. Lands and Parks, Bictoria, BC and University College of the Cariboo, Kamloops BC. pp 67-74.

McLaren, M. A., I. D. Thompson, and J. A. Baker. 1998. Selection of vertebrate wildlife

indicators for monitoring sustainable forest management in Ontario. Forestry Chronicle 74: 241-248.

Meidinger, Del; Lee, Tina; Douglas, George W.; Britton, Greg; MacKenzie, Will.; Qian,

Hong. 2004. British Columbia plant species codes and selected attributes. Version 5 Database. Research Branch. B.C. Ministry of Forests

Proulx, G. 2005. Integrating the habitat needs of fine- and coarse-filter species in

landscape planning. In T. D. Hooper, editor. Proceedings of the Species at Risk 2004 Pathways to Recovery Conference. B.C. Species at Risk 2004 Pathways to Recovery Conference Organizing Committee, Victoria, B.C., 31 pages.



Ruggiero, L. F., R. S. Holthausen, B. G. Marcot, K. B. Aubry, J. W. Thomas, and E. C. Meslow. 1988. Ecological dependency: the concept and its implications for research and management. Transactions North American Wildlife and Natural resources Conference 53: 115-126,

Sarr, D., D. Odion, D. Hibbs, J. Welkei, R. Gresswell, R. Bury, N. Czamomski, R. Pabst,

J. Shatford and A. Moldenke. 2005. Riparian Zone Forest Management and the Protection of Biodiversity: A Problem Analysis. Tech. Bul. #908 Research Triangle Park, NC. National Council for Air and Stream Improvement Inc.

Scott, W. and E. Crossman. 1973. Freshwater Fishes of Canada. Bulletin 184. Fish.

Res. Board of Canada. Ottawa, Canada. Wilcove, D. 1993. Getting ahead of the extinction curve. Ecological Applications 3:

218-220.



APPENDIX I. LITERATURE DATABASE


Riparian Management Strategies for Riparian Sensitive Species for: Canfor Process for searching the Riparian species indicators reference databaseIf this is the first time anyone has used the Excel database:

1) Open the database and create the datasource by defining the columns in Excel spreadsheet 2) Make sure row 1 has titles in bold and bigger font; highlight all these columns3) Use >insert (excel tab)>name>define …( the workbook name will be the title of the 1st column "reference" and the area should be database!$A:$last column letter)4) Close the database file and save it, and open a new one (to select the datasource)5) Use data> get external data >new database query .. (A query wizard screen will appear)6) On the database tab (one you first see) choose "<new database query>" 7) Follow instructions in query wizard… Identify the driver that you have from the pulldown list, connect and identify version in the pulldown list - an excel database (not the spanish one). Select the workbook and locate the database in your computer; Name your database with a easy to recognize name eg "aquatic indicators C drive" ; save and closeNow make a query9) use >data>get external data> new database query >point to excel database "aquatic indicators C drive" (double click or Okay)10) now the query wizard appears for you to choose the columns Double click on the available tables (reference) to see the columns Move over the relevant columns with the arrow ">" to query (right box), choose all columns with titles Next set up the filter data: sorting with keyword or title (click on the column name) with "contains" "chosen keyword" "or" "contains" … Then sort by: use columns that will help you identify the article - year, author etc Save query ( this is a box to click), name the query so it is recognizable eg " aquatic indicators query BMP" Then choose "return the data to MS Excel" for the results of the query.

If the database already has been used:1) Open a new Excel file (blank)2) Use data> get external data >new database query .. (A query wizard screen will appear)3) Move to the query tab and choose the saved query (double click or okay). If there is no saved query choose the created database " aquatic indicators C drive" and follow the instructions from 10) above to create a query and save it.4) Alter the saved query following the steps in the wizard. Check that all the colums you want to search and print out are listed ( should have all) Next set up the filter sorting the keyword or title column with "contains" "choosen keyword" "or" "contains" … Return the data to MS Excel for an instant view of the results. You don't need to resave an existing query, just alter it each time.



Key words used in Riparian species indicators reference database(first column = complete list; lower part of list is copied to print on one page)accipiters flycatchers restoration woody debrisagriculture fungi riparian wormsalgae golden eagle risk assessmentAmerican marten grasses river otteramphibians grizzly bear roadsaquatic birds groundwater rodentsaquatic habitat harvesting salamandersbald eagle herbicides salmonids bank swallow herbs sculpinsbarred owl indicators sedgesbats insects sedimentationBC invertebrates seral stage BC coast lakewater shadeBC interior landscape shrewbears lichens shrubsbeaver litterfall skunkbenthic invertebrates liverworts small mammalsbiodiversity long-tailed vole small streams birds long-tailed weasel snailsbirds of prey lynx snowshoe hare black bear mammals solar radiationBMP mining song sparrowboreal chickadee mink southern red-backed volebroad-winged hawk minnows species at riskbrown creeper molluscs ospreybuffer strips moose streamflowcanopy closure mosses sturgeoncervids mule deer suckerschannel morphology muskrat temperatureclearcutting natural disturbance treescod northern pintail trumpeter swancommon snipe northern waterthrush Vaux's swiftconnectivity old-growth vireoscougar owls warblerscoyote partial cutting water qualitycrow passerine birds water temperaturedams periphyton water yield deer mouse pH waterfowldetritus pileated woodpecker watertableecosystem pond weaselecosystem management range wetlandelk raven whitefishferns red fox wildlife treesfish red squirrel wolffish habitat red-winged blackbird wolverinefisher reptiles woodchuckfisheries interaction reserves woodpeckers



APPENDIX II. SPECIES IN THE VANDERHOOF DFA



Table A1a. Animals found in the Vanderhoof DFA.

Obligate riparian forest

Obligate shoreline

family (Y/N) (Y/N)AMPHIBIANS

Long-toe salamader Ambystomidae Ambytoma macrodactylum YWestern toad Bufonidae Bufo boreas YSpotted frog Ranidae Rana pretiosa YWood frog Ranidae Rana sylvatica Y

REPTILESCommon garter snake Colubridae Thamnophis sirtalis Y Y

BIRDSCommon loon Gaviidae Gavia immer YPie-billed grebe Podicipedidae Podilymbus podiceps YHorned grebe Podicipedidae Podilymbus auritus YRed-necked grebe Podicipedidae Podilymbus grisegena YWestern grebe Podicipedidae Aechmophorus occidentalis YAmerican bittern Ardeidae Botaurus lentiginosus YGreat blue heron Ardeidae Ardea herodias YTrumpeter swan Anatidae Cygnus buccinator YTundra swan Anatidae Cygnus columbianus YCanada goose Anatidae Branta canadensis YSnow goose Anatidae Chen caerulescens YGreater white-fronted goose Anatidae Anser albifrons YGreat-winged teal Anatidae Annas crecca YMallard Anatidae Anas platyrhynchos YNorthern pintail Anatidae Anas acuta YBlue-winged teal Anatidae Anas discors YNorthern shoveler Anatidae Anas clypeata YAmerican wigeon Anatidae Anas americana YCanvasback Anatidae Aythyai valisineria YRedhead Anatidae Aythya americana YRing-necked duck Anatidae Aythya collaris YLesser scaup Anatidae Aythya affinis YHarlequin duck Anatidae Histrionicus histrionicus YSurf scoter Anatidae Melanitta perspicillata YWhite-winged scoter Anatidae Melanitta fusca YCommon goldeneye Anatidae Bucephala clangula YBarrow's goldeneye Anatidae Bucephala islandica YBufflehead Anatidae Bucephala albeola YHooded merganser Anatidae Lophodytes cucullatus YCommon merganser Anatidae Mergus merganser YRudy duck Anatidae Oxyura jamaicensis YOsprey Accipitridae Pandion haliaetus YBald eagle Accipitridae Haliaeetus leucocephalus YNorthern harrier Accipitridae Circus cyaneus YSharp-shinned hawk Accipitridae Accipiter striatus YCooper's hawk Accipitridae Accipiter cooperii Y

Species name Scientific name

Found in riparian sites but

not obligate

Not associate

d with riparian habitats




Obligate shoreline

family (Y/N) (Y/N)

Northern goshawk Accipitridae Accipiter gentilis atricapillus YBroad-winged hawk Accipitridae Buteo platypterus YRed-tailed hawk Accipitridae Buteo jamaicensis YRough-legged hawk Accipitridae Buteo lagopus YGolden eagle Accipitridae Aquila chrysaetos YAmerican kestrel Falconidae Falco sparverius YMerlin Falconidae Falco columbarius YPeregrine falcon Falconidae Falco peregrinus YSpruce grouse Phasianidae Dendragapus canadensis YRuffed grouse Phasianidae Bonasa umbellus YSharp-tailed grouse Phasianidae Tympanuchus phasianellus YSora Rallidae Porzana carolina YAmerican coot Rallidae Fulica americana YSandhill crane Gruidae Grus canadensis YSemipalmated plover Charadriidae Charadrius semipalmatus YKildeer Charadriidae Charadrius vociferus YGreater yellowlegs Scolopacidae Tringa melanoleuca YLesser yellowlegs Scolopacidae Tringa flavipes YSolitary sandpiper Scolopacidae Tringa solitaria YSpotted sandpiper Scolopacidae Actits macularia YSanderling Scolopacidae Calidris alba YSemipalmated sandpiper Scolopacidae Calidris pusilla YWestern sandpiper Scolopacidae Calidris mauri YLeast sandpiper Scolopacidae Calidris minutilla YLong-billed dowitcher Scolopacidae Limnodromus scolopaceus YCommon snipe Scolopacidae Gallinago gallinago YWilson's phalarope Scolopacidae Phalaropus tricolor YBonaparte's gull Laridae Larus philadelphia YMew gull Laridae Larus canus YRing-billed gull Laridae Larus delawarensis YCalifornia gull Laridae Larus californicus YHerring gull Laridae Larus argentatus YBlack tern Laridae Chlidonia niger YRock dove Columbidae Columba livia YBand-tailed pigeon Columbidae Columba fasciata YMourning dove Columbidae Zenaida macroura YGreat horned owl Strigidae Buto virginianus YSnowy owl Strigidae Nyctea scandiaca YNorthern hawk owl Strigidae Surnia ulula YNorthern pygmy-owl Strigidae Glaucidium gnoma YBarred owl Strigidae Strix varia YGreat gray owl Strigidae Strix nebulosa YLong-eared owl Strigidae Asio otus Y



not obligate

Not associate





Obligate shoreline

family (Y/N) (Y/N)Short-eared owl Strigidae Asio flammeus YBoreal owl Strigidae Aegolius funereus YNorthern saw-whet owl Strigidae Aegolius acadicus YCommon nighthawk Caprimulgidae Chordelis minor YBlack swift Apodidae Cypseloides niger YVaux's swift Apodidae Chaetura vauxi YAnna's hummingbird Trochilidae Calype anna YCalliope hummingbird Trochilidae Stellula calliope YRufous hummingbird Trochilidae Selasphorus rufusBelted kingfisher Alcedinidae Ceryle alcyon YYellow-billed sapsucker Picidae Sphyrapicus varius YRed-breasted sapsucker Picidae Sphyrapicus ruber YDowny woodpecker Picidae Picoides pubescens YHairy woodpecker Picidae Picoides villosus YThree-toed woodpecker Picidae Picoides tridactylus YBlack-backed woodpecker Picidae oicoides arcticus YNorthern flicker Picidae Colaptes auratus YPileated woodpecker Picidae Dryocopus pileatus YOlive-sided flycatcher Tyrannidae Contopus borealis YWestern wood-pewee Tyrannidae Contopus sordidulus YYellow-bellied woodpecker Tyrannidae Empidonax flaviventris YAlder flycatcher Tyrannidae Empidonax alnorum YLeast flycatcher Tyrannidae Empidonax minimus YHammond's flycatcher Tyrannidae Empidonax hammondii YDusky flycatcher Tyrannidae Empidonax oberholseri Y

Western flycatcher complex TyrannidaeEmpidonax difficilis & E. occidentalis Y

Say's Phoebe Tyrannidae Sayornis saya YEastern kingbird Tyrannidae Turannus tyrannus YHorned lark Alaudidae Eremophila alpestris YTree swallow Hirundinidae Tachycineta bicolor YViolet-green swallow Hirundinidae Tachycineta Thalissina YNorthern rough-winged swallow Hirundinidae Stelgidopteryx serripennis YBank swallow Hirundinidae Riparia riparia YCliff swallow Hirundinidae Hirundo pyrrhonota YBarn swallow Hirundinidae Hirundo rustica YGray jay Corvidae Perisoreus canadensis YSteller's jay Corvidae Cyanocitta stelleri YClark's nutcracker Corvidae Nucifraga columbiana YBlack-billed magpie Corvidae Pica pica YAmerican crow Corvidae Corvus brachyrhyncos YCommon raven Corvidae Corvus corax YBlack-capped chickadee Paridae Parus atricapillus Y



not obligate

Not associate





Obligate shoreline

family (Y/N) (Y/N)Mountain chickadee Paridae Parus gambeli YBoreal chickadee Paridae Parus hudsonicus YRed-breasted nuthatch Sittidae Sitta canadensis YBrown creeper Certhiidae Certhia americana YWinter wren Troglodytidae Troglodytes troglodytes YMarsh wren Troglodytidae Troglodytes palustris YAmerican dipper Cinclidae Cinclus mexicanus YGolden-crowned kinglet Muscicapidae Regulus satrapa YRuby-crowned kinglet Muscicapidae Regulus calendula YMountain bluebird Muscicapidae Sialia currucoides YTownsend's solitaire Muscicapidae Myadestes townsendi YVeery Muscicapidae Catharus fuscescens YSwainson's thrush Muscicapidae Catharus ustulatus YHermit thrush Muscicapidae Catharus guttatus YAmerican robin Muscicapidae Turdus migratorius YVaried thrush Muscicapidae Ixoreus naevius YAmerican pipit Motacillidae Anthus rubescens YBohemian waxwing Bombycillidae Bombycilla garrulus YCedar waxwing Bombycillidae Bombycilla cedrorum YNorthern shrike Lariidae Lanius excubitor YEuropean starling Sturnidae Sturnus vulgaris YSolitary vireo Vireonidae Vireo solitarius YWarbling vireo Vireonidae Vireo gilvus YRed-eyed vireo Vireonidae Vireo olivaceus YTennessee warbler Parulidae Vermivora peregrina YOrange-crowned warbler Parulidae Vermivora celata YYellow warbler Parulidae Dendroica petechia YMagnolia warbler Parulidae Dendroica magnolia YYellow-rumped warbler Parulidae Dendroica coronata YTownsend's warbler Parulidae Dendroica townsendi YBlackpoll warbler Parulidae Dendroica striata YBlack-and-white warbler Parulidae Mniotilta varia YAmerican redstart Parulidae Setophaga ruticalla YOvenbird Parulidae Seiurus aurocapillus YNorthern waterthrush Parulidae Seiurus Noveboracensis YMacGillivray's warbler Parulidae Opornis tolmiei YCommon yellowthroat Parulidae Geothlypis trichas YWilson's warbler Parulidae Wilsonia pusilla YWestern tanager Parulidae Piranga ludoviviana YAmerican tree sparrow Emberizidae Spizella arborea YChipping sparrow Emberizidae Spizella passerina YClay-colored sparrow Emberizidae Spizella pallida YVesper sparrow Emberizidae Pooecetes gramineus YSavannah sparrow Emberizidae Passerculus sandwichensis Y



not obligate

Not associate





Obligate shoreline

family (Y/N) (Y/N)Fox sparrow Emberizidae Passerella iliaca YSong sparrow Emberizidae Melospiza melodia YLincoln's sparrow Emberizidae Melospiza lincolnii YSwamp sparrow Emberizidae Melospiza georgiana YWhite-throated sparrow Emberizidae Zonotrichia albicolis YHarris' sparrow Emberizidae Zonotrichia querula YWhite-crowned sparrow Emberizidae Zonotrichia leucophrys YGolden-crowned sparrow Emberizidae Zonotrichia atricapilla YDark-eyed junco Emberizidae Junco hyemalis YLapland longspur Emberizidae Calcarius lapponicus YSnow bunting Emberizidae Plectrophenax nivalis YRose-breasted grosbeak Cardinalidae Pheucticus ludovicianus YRed-winged blackbird Icteridae Agelaius phoenicus YWestern meadowlark Icteridae Sturnella neglecta Y

Yellow-headed blackbird IcteridaeXanthocephalus xanthocephalus Y

Rusty blackbird Icteridae Euphagus carolinus YBrewer's blackbird Icteridae Euphagugs cyanocephalus YBrown-headed cowbird Icteridae Molothrus ater YGray-crowned rosy-finch Fringillidae Leucosticte tephrocotis YPine grosbeak Fringillidae Pinicola enucleator YPurple finch Fringillidae Carpodacus purpureus YRed crossbill Fringillidae Loxia curvirostra YWhite-winged crossbill Fringillidae Loxia leucoptera YCommon redpoll Fringillidae Carduelis flammea YHoary redpoll Fringillidae Carduelis hornemanni YPine siskin Fringillidae Carduelis pinus YEvening grosbeak Fringillidae Coccothraustes vespertinus YHouse sparrow Passeridae Passer domesticus Y

MAMMALSCommon shrew Soriciddae Sorex cinereus YPygmy shrew Soriciddae Sorex hoyi YDusky shrew Soriciddae Sorex monticolus YWater shrew Soriciddae Sorex palustris YWestern long-eared myotis Vespertilionidae Myotis evotis YLittle brown myotis Vespertilionidae Myotis lucifugus YSilver-haired bat Vespertilionidae Lasionycteris noctivagans YBig brown bat Vespertilionidae Eptesicus fuscus YBlack Bear Ursidae Ursus americanus YGrizzly bear Ursidae Ursus arctos YAmerican marten Mustelidae Martes americana YFisher Mustelidae Martes pennanti YShort-tailed weasel Mustelidae Mustela erminea YLeast weasel Mustelidae Mustela nivalis Y



not obligate

Not associate





Obligate shoreline

family (Y/N) (Y/N)Long-tailed weasel Mustelidae Mustela frenata YMink Mustelidae Mustela vison YRiver otter Mustelidae Lontra canadensis YWolverine Mustelidae Gulo gulo YStriped skunk Mustelidae Mephitis mephitis YCoyote Canidae Canis latrans YGray wolf Canidae Canis lupus YRed fox Canidae Vulpes vulpes YMountain lion Felidae Felis concolor YLynx Felidae Lynx canadensis YSnowshoe hare Leporidae Lepus americanus YNorthern flying squirrel Sciuridae Glaucomys sabrinus YHoary marmot Sciuridae Marmota caligata YWoodchuk Sciuridae Marmota monax YYellow-pine chipmunk Sciuridae Tamias amoenus YRed squirrel Sciuridae Tamiasciurus hudsonicus YBeaver Castoridae Canstor canadensis YSouthern red-backed vole Muridae Clethrionomys gapperi YLong-tailed vole Muridae Microtus longicaudus YMeadow vole Muridae Microtus pennsylvanicus YMuskrat Muridae Ondatra zibethicus YHeather vole Muridae Phenacomys intermedius YNorthern bog lemming Muridae Synaptomis borealis YBushy-tailed woodrat Muridae Neotoma cinerea YDeer mouse Muridae Peromyscus maniculatus YMeadow jumping mouse Dipodidae Zapus hudsonius YWestern jumping mouse Dipodidae Zapus princeps YPorcupine Erethizontidae Erethizon dorsatum YMoose Cervidae Alces alces YMule deer Cervidae Odoicoileus hemionus YWhite-tailed deer Cervidae Odoicoileus virginianus YElk Cervidae Cervus elaphus YWoodland caribou Cervidae Rangifer tarandus Y



not obligate

Not associate




Table A1b. Ecosystems in the Vanderhoof DFA

Ecosystem name

Riparian Obligate

(Y/N)wetland aquatic

Not associated

with riparian OtherEcological communitiesAc/red-osier dogwood/prickly rose y red listedbaltic rush/field sedge n y blue listedbeaked sedge/water sedge n y yellow listedBl/horsetail/leafy mosses y yellow listedBl/huckleberry/feathermoss n yellow listedBl/rhododendron/feathermoss n yellow listed

Bluegrass/slender wheatgrass community yred listed, location mapping required

bog willow/sedges n y yellow listedFdi/feathermoss/stepmoss y blue listedFdi/pinegrass/showy-aster - y yellow listedFdiPl/cladonia lichens - y blue listedFdiSxw/electified cat's-tail moss - y blue listedFdiSxw/pinegrass - y yellow listedFdiSxw/ricegrasses - y yellow listed

grey-leaved willow/moss n yyellow listed, not treed therefore a shrub-carr wetland

hard-stemmed bulrush deep marsh n y blue listedNuttall's alkaligrass/foxtail barley y red listedPl/black huckleberry/cladonia lichens - y yellow listedPl/common juniper/feathermoss - y yellow listedPl/common juniper/kinnikinnick - y yellow listedPl/common juniper/rough-leaved ricegrass - y blue listedPl/feathermoss/reindeer lichens _ y yellow listedPl/kinnikinnick/cladonia lichens - y yellow listedPl/kinnikinnick/wavy-leaved moss - y yellow listedPl/pinegrass/red-stemmed feathermoss - y yellow listedPlSb/feathermoss n blue listedsaskatoon/slender wheatgrass y red listedSb/black huckleberry/sweet coltsfoot n yellow listed

Sb/creeping snowberry/peat-moss ny -organic soils yellow listed

Sb/scrub birch/sedge ny -organic soils yellow listed

Sb/soft-leaved sedge/sphagnum y partiallyyellow listed, when trees is riparian; organic soils = wetland

SbPl/bog-laurel/sphagnum ny

described or listedSbPl/feathermoss n

scrub birch/kinnikinnick n yyellow listed, if treed shrubb-carr would be riparian

slender sedge/common hook moss n y blue listedSxw /coral lichens community ySxw/birch-leaved spirea/feathermoss n yellow listedSxw/birch-leaved spirea/purple peavine nSxw/black huckleberry n yellow listedSxw/black huckleberry/highbush-cranberry n yellow listedSxw/black twinberry y yellow listedSxw/black twinberry/coltsfoot n yellow listed



Ecosystem name

Riparian Obligate


Not associated

with riparian OtherSxw/devil's club n yellow listedSxw/devil's club/lady fern y yellow listedSxw/foam lichens n red listedSxw/hardhack/prickly rose n blue listed

Sxw/horsetail sites yhorsetail and glowmoss sites- yellow listed; meadowrue site

Sxw/oakfern n yellow listedSxw/scrub birch/feathermoss y yellow listedTufted hairgrass y blue listedscrub-birch/water sedge n y organic soils, no treesswamp horsetail/beaked sedge y partial organic soils = wetlandcommon spike-rush marsh y partial organic soils = wetlandcattail marsh n yBebb's willow/bluejoint n y

pdry interior

Drummond's willow/beaked sedge y partial yellow listed; wetland when gleying within 30cm of surface

mountain alder/ common horsetail yDrummond's willow/bluejoint y

Table A1c. Plants found in the Vanderhoof DFA.

MoF common name Scientific name

Riparian Obligate


Not associated

with riparian Other

Treessubalpine fir Abies lasiocarpa npaper birch Betula papyrifera ntamarack Larix laricina yEngelmann spruce Picea engelmannii nwhite spruce Picea glauca nblack spruce Picea mariana nlodgepole pine Pinus contorta nblack cottonwood Populus balsamifera ntrembling aspen Populus tremuloides nDouglas-fir Pseudotsuga menziesii nShrubsDouglas maple Acer glabrum nmountain alder Alnus incana nSitka alder Alnus viridis nsaskatoon Amelanchier alnifolia n

scrub birch Betula nana ywas Betula glandulosa

low birch Betula pumila yred-osier dogwood Cornus stolonifera nbeaked hazelnut Corylus cornuta ncommon juniper Juniperus communis nRocky mountain juniper Juniperus scopulorum n




Riparian Obligate


Not associated

with riparian Other

trapper's tea Ledum glandulosum yLabrador tea Ledum groenlandicum nblack twinberry Lonicera involucrata ntall Oregon-grape Mahonia aquifolium nfalse azalea Menziesia ferruginea ndevil's club Oplopanax horridus nchoke cherry Prunus virginiana nwhite-flowered rhododendron Rhododendron albiflorum nnorthern black currant Ribes hudsonianum yblack gooseberry Ribes lacustre nred swamp currant Ribes triste yprickly rose Rosa acicularis nred raspberry Rubus idaeus nthimbleberry Rubus parviflorus nBarclay's willow Salix barclayi yBebb's willow Salix bebbiana ysage willow Salix candida yDrummond's willow Salix drummondiana ngrey-leaved willow Salix glauca ybog willow Salix pedicellaris yScouler's willow Salix scouleriana nred elderberry Sambucus racemosa nsoopolallie Sheperdia canadensis nwestern mountain-ash Sorbus scopulina nSitka mountain-ash Sorbus sitchensis nbirch-leaved spirea Spiraea betulifolia npink spirea Spiraea douglasii spp. menziesii npyramid spirea Spiraea pyramidata ncommon snowberry Symphoricarpos albus nblack huckleberry Vaccinium membranaceum nvelvet-leaved blueberry Vaccinium myrtilloides noval-leaved blueberry Vaccinium ovalifolium nhighbush-cranberry Viburnum edule nHerbsyarrow Achillea millefolium nbaneberry Actaea rubra yCut-leaved anemone Anemone multifida - ysharptooth angelica Angelica arguta ywhite pussytoes Antennaria microphylla nfield pussytoes Antennaria neglecta nshowy pussytoes Antennaria pulcherrima nracemose pussytoes Antennaria racemosa nblue columbine Aquilegia brevistyla nSitka columbine Aquilegia formosa nwild sarsaparilla Aralia nudicaulis nkinnikinnick Arctostaphylos uva-ursi nheart-leaved arnica Arnica cordifolia nsilvery sagebrush Artemisia cana nprairie sagewort Artemisia frigida n




Riparian Obligate


Not associated

with riparian Other

goatsbeard Aruncus dioicus nLindley's aster Aster ciliolatus nshowy aster Aster conspicuus nleafy aster Aster foliaceus ylady fern Athyrium filix-femina nrattlesnake fern Botrychium virginianum yfairy-slipper Calypso bulbosa nscarlet paintbrush Castilleja miniata nalpine paintbrush Castilleja rhexiifolia nfield chickweed Cerastium arvense ncommon hornwort Ceratophyllum demersum n yprince's pine Chimaphila umbellata nDouglas' water hemlock Cicuta douglasii yenchanter's-nightshade Circaea alpina yColumbia bower Clematis occidentalis nqueen's cup Clintonia uniflora nlong-bracted frog orchid Coeloglossum viride nspotted coralroot Corallorhiza maculata nbunchberry Cornus canadensis n

marsh cinquefoil Comarum palustre ywas Potentilla palustris

spiny wood fern Dryopteris expansa ncrowberry Empetrum nigrum nfireweed Epilobium angustifolium npurple-leaved willowherb Epilobium ciliatum ncommon horsetail Equisetum arvense nswamp horsetail Equisetum fluviatile yscouring-rush Equisetum hyemale ymarsh horsetail Equisetum palustre ymeadow horsetail Equisetum pratense ydwarf scouring-rush Equisetum scirpoides ywood horsetail Equisetum sylvaticum yPhiladelphia fleabane Erigeron philadelphicus nwild strawberry Fragaria virginiana nnorthern bedstraw Galium boreale nsweet-scented bedstraw Galium triflorum ncreeping-snowberry Gaultheria hispidula ybastard toad-flax Geocaulon lividum nwater avens Geum rivale ylarge-leaved avens Geum macropyllum yrattlesnake-plantain Goodyera oblongifolia ndwarf rattlesnake orchid Goodyera repens noak fern Gymnocarpium dryopteris n

cow-parsnip Heracleum maximum nwas Heracleum lanatum

white hawkweed Hieracium albiflorum norange-red king devil Hieracium aurantiacum nslender hawkweed Hieracium gracile n




Riparian Obligate


Not associated

with riparian Other

narrow-leaved hawkweed Hieracium umbellatum n

western bog-laurel Kalmia microphylla ywas Kalmia polifolia

purple peavine Lathyrus nevadensis ncreamy peavine Lathyrus ochroleucus nivy-leaved duckweed Lemna trisulca n ytwinflower Linnaea borealis nbroad-leaved twayblade Listera convallarioides nheart-leaved twayblade Listera cordata narctic lupine Lupinus arcticus nstiff clubmoss Lycopodium annotinum nrunning club-moss Lycopodium clavatum nground cedar Lycopodium complanatum nground-pine Lycopodium dendroideum ncow-wheat Melampyrum lineare nwild lily-of-the-valley Maianthemum canadense n

false Solomon's-seal Maianthemum racemosum nwas Smilacina racemosa

star-flowered false Solomon's Maianthemum stellatum nwas Smilacina stellata

buckbean Menyanthes trifoliata n ytall bluebells Mertensia paniculata ncommon mitrewort Mitella nuda nsingle delight Moneses uniflora n

Siberian water-milfoil Myriophyllum sibiricum n ywas Myriophyllum exalbescens

yellow waterlily Nuphar lutea n yone-sided wintergreen Orthilia secunda n

mountain sweet-cicely Osmorhiza berteroi nwas Osmorhiza chilensis

bog cranberry Oxycoccus oxycoccos yLabrador lousewort Pedicularis labradorica nsweet coltsfoot Petasites frigidus nfragrant white rein orchid Platanthera dilatata yone-leaved rein orchid Platanthera obtusata ylarge round-leaved rein orchidPlatanthera orbiculata nelegant Jacob's-ladder Polemonium elegans n blue listedwater smartweed Polygonum amphibium n yfloating-leaved pondweed Potamogeton gmelinii n ygrass-leaved pondweed Potamogeton gramineus n yRichardson's pondweed Potamogeton richardsonii n y

Hooker's fairybells Prosartes hookeri nwas Disporum hooke ri

rough-fruited fairybells Prosartes trachycarpa nwas Disporum trachycarpum

pinedrops Pterospora andromedea npink wintergreen Pyrola asarifolia nlesser wintergreen Pyrola minor ngreen wintergreen Pyrola chlorantha n

P. Beaudry and Associates Ltd Page 33 March 2006

Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd.




Riparian Obligate


Not associated

with riparian Other

meadow buttercup Ranunculus acris nsmall yellow water-buttercup Ranunculus gmelinii n ydwarf nagoonberry Rubus arcticus ycloudberry Rubus chamaemorus yfive-leaved bramble Rubus pedatus ntrailing raspberry Rubus pubescens nrayless mountain butterweed Senecio indecorus yCanadian butterweed Senecio pauperculus yplains butterweed Senecio plattensis n blue listedarrow-leaved groundsel Senecio triangularis yCanada goldenrod Solidago canadensis nspike-like goldenrod Solidago spathulata nclasping twistedstalk Streptopus amplexifolius n

rosy twistedstalk Streptopus lanceolatus nwas Streptopus roseus

small twistedstalk Streptopus streptopoides ndandelion Taraxacum offinale nwestern meadowrue Thalictrum occidentale nalsike clover Trifolium hybridum ncommon cattail Typha latifolia ythree-leaved foamflower Tiarella trifoliata nred clover Trifolium pratense ndwarf blueberry Vaccinium caespitosum nstinging nettle Urtica dioica nflat-leaved badderwort Utricularia intermedia n ygrouseberry Vaccinium scoparium nlingonberry Vaccinium vitis-idaea nSitka valerian Valeriana sitchensis nIndian hellebore Veratrum viride yAmerican vetch Vicia americana nearly blue violet Viola adunca nCanada violet Viola canadensis yround-leaved violet Viola orbiculata nkidney-leaved violet Viola renifolia nGrasses, sedges etc.hair bentgrass Agrostis scabra nslender wheatgrass Agropyron trachycaulum nColumbia brome Bromus vulgaris nbluejoint reedgrass Calamagrostis canadensis npurple reedgrass Calamagrostis purpurascens npinegrass Calamagrostis rubescens nslimstem reedgrass Calamagrostis stricta ywater sedge Carex aquatilis yBack's sedge Carex backii n blue listedtwo-coloured sedge Carex bicolor n blue listedgrey sedge Carex canescens ysoft-leaved sedge Carex disperma ybristle-stalked sedge Carex leptalea yslender sedge Carex lasiocarpa y




Riparian Obligate


Not associated

with riparian Other

field sedge Carex praegracilis ymany-headed sedge Carex sychnocephala y blue listedsparse-flowered sedge Carex tenuiflora ybeaked sedge Carex utriculata y was Carex rostratanodding wood-reed Cinna latifolia ytufted hairgrass Deschampsia caespitosa yblue wildrye Elymus glaucus nslender wheatgrass Elymus trachycaulus - ycommon spike-rush Eleocharis plaustris ywestern fescue Festuca occidentalis nRocky Mountain fescue Festuca saximontana - yslender mannagrass Glyceria pulchella y blue listedtall mannagrass Glyceria elata n yfoxtail barley Hordeum jubatum yBaltic rush Juncus balticus yjunegrass Koeleria macrantha nsmall-flowered wood-rush Luzula parviflora nrough-leaved ricegrass Oryzopsis asperifolia - yshort-awned ricegrass Oryzopsis pungens - ytimothy Phleum pratense nPacific bluegrass Poa gracillima ninland bluegrass Poa interior nKentucky bluegrass Poa pratensis nNuttall's alkaligrass Puccinellia nuttalliana yhard-stemmed bulrush Scirpus acutus n yfalse melic Schizachne purpurascens ngreat bulrush Schoenoplectus acutus n yrivergrass Scolochloa festucacea y red listedspreading needlegrass Stipa richardsonii nFernald's false manna Torreyochloa pallida y red listedMosses/Lichensglow moss Aulocomnium palustre ymountain leafy liverwort Barbilophozia floerkei ncommon leafy liverwort Barbilopozia lycopodioides nlawn moss Brachythecium albicans Ibrachythecium spp. Brachythecium spp. ngiant water-moss Calliergon giganteum y ywater mosses Calliergon spp. ygolden star-moss Campylium stellatum y yCetraria lichens Cetraria spp. - ygreen reindeer lichen Cladina arbuscula nlesser green reindeer lichen Cladina mitis ngrey reindeer lichen Cladina rangiferina nCladina lichens Cladina spp. nfairy cup lichen Cladonia chlorophaea nbighorn Cladonia cornuta norange-foot cladonia Cladonia ecmocyna nblack foot cladonia Cladonia gracilis nblack-foot cladonia Cladonia phyllophora n



Riparian Obligate


Not associated

with riparian Other

pebbled pixie-cup Cladonia pyxidata ngreater sulphur-cup Cladonia sulphurina nspiny heath Coelocaulon aculeatum nfern-leaved hook-moss Cratoneuron filicinum ycurly heron's-bill moss Dicranum fuscescens nwavy-leaved moss Dicranum polysetum nbroom moss Dicranum scoparium nbroom mosses Dicranum spp. ncommon hook-moss Drepanocladus aduncus yhook-mosses Drepanocladus spp. ystep moss Hylocomium splendens nspray-paint lichen Icmadophila ericetorum nleafy mosses Mnium spp. ngreen light Nephroma arcticum nshiny liverwort Pellia neesiana yfreckle lichen Peltigera aphthosa ndog pelt Peltigera canina - yapple pelt Peltigera malacea ngreater frog pelt Peltigera neopolydactyla npelt lichens Peltigera spp. nspring moss Philonotis fontana y- Plagiochila aspleniformis ycommon leafy moss Plagiomnium medium nred-stemmed feathermoss Pleurozium schreberi ncommon haircap moss Polytrichum commune njuniper haircap moss Polytrichum juniperinum nawned haircap moss Polytrichum piliferum nknights plume Ptilium crista-castrensis nbent-leaf moss Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus yelectrified cat's-tail moss Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus npipecleaner moss Rhytidiopsis robusta n(floating liverwort) Ricciocarpus natans n y

common red sphagnum Sphagnum capillifolium ywas Sphagnum capillaceum

common green peat-moss Sphagnum girgensohnii y

sphagnum Sphagnum spp. n

some species of sphagnum are wetland indicators.

common brown peatmoss Sphagunum fuscum ycottontail foam Stereocaulon paschale nwoolly coral lichen Stereocaulon tomentosum nfalse-polytrichum Timmia austriaca ngolden fuzzy fen moss Tomenthypnum nitens ysidewalk moss Tortula ruralis nquestionable rockfrog Xanthoparmelia coloradoënsis n

Alectoria n arboral lichenBryoria n arboral lichen

Macrofungi uunexplored or data limited



Table A1d. Fish found in the Vanderhoof DFA.

Obligate(yes, no, inferred,

unknown)order Acipenseriformes (Sturgeons)white sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus y blue listedorder Salmonidae, subfamily Salmoninae (Salmon)cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki ypink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha iChum salmon Oncorhynchus keta icoho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch yrainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss ysteelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss yKokanee Oncorhynchus nerka ySockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka ichinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha y

bull trout Salvelinus confluentus y

blue listed, not many found on Nechako Plateau

brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis i introducedDolly Varden Salvelinus malma ylake trout Salvelinus namaycush iorder Salmonidae, Subfamily Coregoninae (Whitefishes)burbot Lota lota imountain whitefish Prosopium williamsoni ypgymy whitefish Prosopium coulteri ilake whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis iOrder Cypriniformes (Minnows or Carps)redside shiner Richardsonius balteatus y

northern pike minnow Ptychocheilus oregonensis ywas northern squawfish

peamouth chub Mylocheilus caurinus ilake chub Couesius plumbeus ileopard dace Ryinichthys falcatus ilongnose dace Ryinichthys cataractae ybrassy minnow Hybognathus hankinsoni i

chiselmouth Acrocheilus alutaceus iwas chiselmouth chub

Order Catostomidae (Suckers)largescale sucker Catostomus macrocheilus ybridgelip sucker Castostomus columbianus ylongnose sucker Catostomus catostomus ywhite sucker Catostomus commersoni yOrder Cottidae (Sculpins)prickly sculpin Cottus asper yslimy sculpin Cottus cognatus yOrder Petromyzontiformes (Lampreys)Pacific lamprey Lampetra tridentata i little information


Not associated

with riparian habitats Other



Table A1e. Invertebrates found surrounding and within the Vanderhoof DFA.

Species name Order Family; Genus

Obligate (yes,

unknown, inferred)

Not associated with riparian Other

Spongiliidae Porifera = sponges Spongiliidae uPhylum Cnidaria = Coelenterata polyps Hydrozoa (Hydridae?), Hydra polps uPhylum Nematodanematodes (roundworms) Nematoda Nematoda uPhylum Nematomorphahorsehair worms Nematomorpha uPhylum Platyhelminthesflatworms class Turbellaria family Tubellaria uPhylum Annelidaleeches class Hirudinea Hirudinea uaquatic segmented worms class Oligochaeta u

class Oligochaeta family Naididae uclass Oligochaeta family Lumbriculidae uclass Oligochaeta family Lumbricidae uclass Oligochaeta family Tubificidae u

Phylum Molluscaclams and mussels class Bivalvia = Pelecypodafingernail clams class Bivalvia = Pelecypoda family Pisidiidae = Sphaeriidae ufingernail clams class Bivalvia, order NS family Sphaeriidae, Pisidium casertaum ufingernail clams class Bivalvia, order NS family Sphaeriidae, Sphaaerium striatum ufreshwater mussels class Bivalvia (Pelecypoda) Order Unionidae ufreshwater snails class Gastropoda Gastropoda i

class Gastropoda order Limnophila family Planorbidae, Menetus sp. iclass Gastropoda order Limnophila family Planorbidae,Gyraulus sp.class Gastropoda order NS family Valvatidae, Valvata sp. i

Phylum Arthropoda water fleas class Branchiopoda, order Cladocera Daphniidae uscuds or side swimmers class Malacostraca, order Amphipoda uscuds or side swimmers class Malacostraca, order Amphipoda family Talitridae u

seed shrimpclass Crustacea, subclass Ostracoda order Ostracoda family Ostracoda u

cocepods Class Crustacea, Copepoda Copepoda uClass Arachnida

watermites order Acariformes (class Arachnida) uorder Acariformes (class Arachnida) Sperchontidae family, Sperchon spp. uorder Acariformes (class Arachnida) Lebertiidae, Lebertia sp. uorder Acariformes (class Arachnida) Torrenticolidae u

water mites order Hydracarina (Arachnoida group) ihydracarina = hydrachnidia




Obligate (yes,

unknown, inferred)


order Hydracarina (Arachnoida group) division Oribatei itrue water mites order Hydrachnidia (class Arachnida) uwater mites Acarina u

Class Insectaspringtails order Collembola i

order Hemiptera sub-order Heteroptera (truebugs ) i

many sp. maybe missing as no local lake summaries obtained.

water stridersorder Hemiptera or Order Heteoptera, family Gerridae u

true bugs order Hemiptera sub-order Homoptera (hoppers ) u


order Hemiptera sub-order Homoptera Cicadellidae uaquatic wasps (diving wasps) order Hymenoptera uaquatic caterpillars order Lepidoptera family Noctuidae yaquatic caterpillars order Lepidoptera family Pyralidae yalderflies order Megaloptera Sialidae, Sialis sp. y

order Thysanoptera ubeetles order Coleoptera

riffle beetles order Coleoptera Elmidae y


true flies order Dipterawatersnipe flies order Diptera Athericidae ybiting midges order Diptera- biting midges, no-see-ums Ceratopogonidae u

midges or chironomids order Diptera Chironomidae y


order Diptera Chironomidae Eukiefferiella behmi group yorder Diptera Chironomidae Micropsectra sp. yorder Diptera Chironomidae, polypedilum sp. y

order DipteraChironomidae, subfamily Chironominae tribe Tanytarsini y

order Diptera Chironomidae, subfamily Diamesinae yorder Diptera Chironomidae, subfamily Orthocladinae yorder Diptera Chironomidae, subfamily Podonominae y

P . Beaudry and Associates Ltd Page 39 March 2006 Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd.



Obligate (yes,

unknown, inferred)


order Diptera Chironomidae, subfamily Prodiamesinae yorder Diptera Chironomidae, subfamily Tanypodinae y

mosquitos order Diptera Culicidae ycrane flies - dixid midges order Diptera Dixidae udance flies order Diptera Empididae uaquatic muscids order Diptera Muscidae umoth flies order Diptera Psychodidae iblack flies order Diptera Simulidae ysoldier flies order Diptera Stratiomyidae yprimitive crane flies order Diptera Tanyderidae ucrane flies order Diptera Tipulidae y

order Diptera Tipulidae, Dicranota sp. ymayflies order Ephemeropteramayflies order Ephemeroptera Ameletidae, Ameletus sp. ysand minnow mayflies order Ephemeroptera Ametropidae usmall minnow mayflies order Ephemeroptera Baetidae y

order Ephemeroptera Baetidae, Baetis sp. yspiny crawlers order Ephemeroptera Ephemerellidae y

order Ephemeroptera Ephemerellidae, Drunella sp. yorder Ephemeroptera Ephemerellidae, Ephemerella spp. y

flat headed mayflies order Ephemeroptera Heptageniidae yorder Ephemeroptera Heptageniidae, Cinygma sp. yorder Ephemeroptera Heptageniidae, Cinygmula sp. yorder Ephemeroptera Heptageniidae, Epeorus sp. yorder Ephemeroptera Heptageniidae, Leucrocuta sp. yorder Ephemeroptera Heptageniidae, Rhithrogena sp. y

pronggills order Ephemeroptera Leptophlebiidae yprimitive minnow mayflies order Ephemeroptera Siphlonuridae ystoneflies order Plecoptera yslender winter stoneflies order Plecoptera Capniidae y

order Plecoptera Capridae ygreen stoneflies order Plecoptera Chloroperlidae y

order Plecoptera Chloroperlidae, Plumiperla sp. yorder Plecoptera Chloroperlinae, Sweltsa complex y

needleflies order Plecoptera Leuctridae yorder Plecoptera Leuctridae, Despaxia sp. y

early winter stone order Plecoptera Nemouridae y




Obligate (yes,

unknown, inferred)


order Plecoptera Nemouridae, Podmosta sp. yorder Plecoptera Nemouridae, Visoka sp. yorder Plecoptera Nemouridae, Zapada sp. y

roachlike stoneflies order Plecoptera Peltoperlidae, Yoraperla sp. ygolden stone order Plecoptera Perlidae yperlodid stoneflies order Plecoptera Perlodidae ylittle yellow stone order Plecoptera Perlodidae, Isoperla sp. y

order Plecoptera Perlodidae, Megarcys sp. ystoneflies order Plecoptera Pteronarcyidae yTaeniopterygid broadbacks order Plecoptera Taeniopterygidae,Taenionema sp. ycaddisflies order Trichoptera

order Trichoptera Apataniidae, Apatania sp. uhumpless case makers order Trichoptera Brachycentridae y

order Trichoptera Brachycentridae, Brachycentrus sp. ysaddlecase makers order Trichoptera Glossomatidae ycommon netspinners order Trichoptera Hydropsychidae y

order Trichoptera Hydropsychidae, Parapsyche sp. ymicro caddisflies order Trichoptera Hydroptilidae ulepidostomatid case makers order Trichoptera Lepidostomatidae y

order Trichoptera Lepidostomatidae, Lepidostoma sp. ylonghorned case makers order Trichoptera Leptoceridae uNorthern case makers order Trichoptera Limnephilidae y

order Trichoptera Limnephilidae, Limnephilus sp. yorder Trichoptera Limnephilidae, Neothremma sp. yorder Trichoptera Limnephilidae, Psychoglypha sp. y

fingernet caddisflies order Trichoptera Philopotamidae utrumpetnet and tubemaking caorder Trichoptera Polycentropodae ufreeliving caddisflies order Trichoptera Rhyacophilidae ucaddisflies -green rock worms order Trichoptera Rhyacophilidae, Rhyacophila sp. ucaddisflies order Trichoptera Uenoidae u

Algaefilamentous algae aquatic



APPENDIX III. HABITAT REQUIREMENTS



Table A2a. Habitat for riparian obligate animal species found in the Vanderhoof DFA.

Early successional species

Habitat components

Western toad

Wood frog (dec. and

mixed)

Green-w

inged teal

Mallard

Northern pintail

Blue-w

inged teal

Northern shoveler

Am

erican wigeon

Lesser scaup

Peregrine falcon

Sandhill crane

Lesser yellowlegs

Ring-billed gull

Kingfisher

Alder flycatcher

Red-eyed vireo

Yellow

warbler

Agricultural fields x x x x xBasal area of at least 20 sq. m/ha in mature treesBeaver housesBouldersConiferous forest x

Cottonwood (large and decrepit)Cliff x xClear water/permanent waterClosed canopyDry land near water x x x x xDeciduous forest x x xEmergent vegetation x x x xFast-flowing watersForest edge x x xFlooded forestsGrass x x x x x x x xLarge treesMixedwood forest x xMud flats, sandy shores xNoneOpen areasPonds/small lakesRocks x xSandy clay xSedgesShallow waters Shrubs & brush x x x x x x xSnags xSmall islandsSwampy forests xTree rootsWildlife trees xWoody debris x x

x x x x



Early successional species

Habitat components

Yellow

warbler

Black-and-w

hite w

arbler

Com

mon

yellowthroat

Song sparrow

Lincoln's sparrow

Red-w

inged blackbird

Yellow

-headed blackbird

Rusty blackbird

Long-tailed weasel

Mink

River otter

Beaver

Northern bog lem

ming

Meadow

jumping m

ouse

Moose

Agricultural fields xBasal area of at least 20 sq. m/ha in mature treesBeaver houses x xBoulders xConiferous forest x x x x x x x x

Cottonwood (large and decrepit) xCliffClear water/permanent water x x x xClosed canopyDry land near water xDeciduous forest x x x x x xEmergent vegetation x x x x x x x x xFast-flowing watersForest edge x x x x x x x x x x x x x xFlooded forests x xGrass x x x x x xLarge trees xMixedwood forest x x x x x x xMud flats, sandy shoresNoneOpen areasPonds/small lakesRocks x x x xSandy claySedges x x x x x xShallow waters x x x x x xShrubs & brush x x x x x x x x x x x x x xSnags xSmall islandsSwampy forests x x x x x x x x xTree roots x xWildlife treesWoody debris x x

x

x

x



Mid-successional speciesHabitat components

Long-toe salamander

Western toad

Wood frog

Com

mon garter snake

Bufflehead

Hooded m

erganser

Com

mon m

erganser

Sharp-shinned hawk

Solitary sandpiper

Bonaparte's gull

Long-eared owl

Northern saw

-whet

owl

Kingfisher

Olive-sided flycatcher

Agricultural fieldsBasal area of at least 20 sq. m/ha in mature treesBeaver housesBouldersConiferous forest x x x x x x x x x x

Cottonwood (large and decrepit)Cliff xClear water/permanent waterClosed canopyDry land near water xDeciduous forest x x x x x xEmergent vegetationFast-flowing watersForest edge x xFlooded forestsGrassLarge trees x x x x x xMixedwood forest x x x x x x xMud flats, sandy shoresNoneOpen areasPonds/small lakes x xRocks x x x xSandy clay xSedgesShallow waters Shrubs & brush xSnags x x xSmall islandsSwampy forests x xTree rootsWildlife trees x x x x x x xWoody debris x x x x

x x

x x x x



Mid-successional speciesHabitat components

Western w

ood-pewee

Yellow

-bellied flycatcher

Alder flycatcher

Eastern kingbird

Veery

Red-eyed vireo

Yellow

warbler

Blackpoll w

arbler

Northern w

aterthrush

Rusty blackbird

Water shrew

Long-tailed weasel

Mink

River otter

Beaver

Northern bog

lemm

ing

Moose

Agricultural fields xBasal area of at least 20 sq. m/ha in mature treesBeaver houses x xBoulders x xConiferous forest x x x x x x x

Cottonwood (large and decrepit) xCliffClear water/permanent water x x x xClosed canopyDry land near water xDeciduous forest x x x x x x x x x x xEmergent vegetation x x x x xFast-flowing watersForest edge x x x x x x x x x x x x x x xFlooded forests x x x xGrass x x x x xLarge trees x xMixedwood forest x x x x x x x x xMud flats, sandy shoresNoneOpen areasPonds/small lakesRocks x x x xSandy claySedges x x x xShallow waters x x x xShrubs & brush x x x x x x x x x x x x x x xSnags x xSmall islandsSwampy forests x x x x x x x xTree roots x x x xWildlife trees x xWoody debris x x x x x

x x

x



P. Beaudry and Associates Ltd Page 47 March 2006

Late-successional species

Habitat components

Long-toe salamander

Western toad

Wood frog

Com

mon garter snake

Com

mon goldeneye

Barrow

's goldeneye

Bufflehead

Hooded m

erganser

Com

mon m

erganser

Osprey

Bald eagle

Solitary sandpiper

Bonapartre's gull

Northern saw

-whet

owl

Kingfisher

Agricultural fieldsBasal area of at least 20 sq. m/ha in mature treesBeaver housesBouldersConiferous forest x x x x x x x x x x

Cottonwood (large and decrepit)Cliff xClear water/permanent waterClosed canopyDry land near water xDeciduous forest x x x x x x x xEmergent vegetationFast-flowing watersForest edge x x xFlooded forestsGrassLarge trees x x xMixedwood forest x x x x x x x xMud flats, sandy shoresNoneOpen areasPonds/small lakes xRocks x x x xSandy clay xSedgesShallow waters Shrubs & brushSnags x x x x x xSmall islandsSwampy forests xTree rootsWildlife trees x x x x x x x x xWoody debris x x x x

x x x

x

x x

x

Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd.


Late-successional species

Habitat components

Olive-sided flycatcher

Western w

ood-pewee

Western flycatcher

Com

plex

Eastern kingbird

Veery

Bohem

ian waxw

ing

Red-eyed vireo

Blackpoll w

arbler

Northern w

aterthrush

Rusty blackbird

Water shrew

Fisher

Long-tailed weasel

Mink

River otter

Beaver

Northern bog

lemm

ing

Moose

Agricultural fields xBasal area of at least 20 sq. m/ha in mature trees xBeaver houses x xBoulders x xConiferous forest x x x x x x x x x x x x

Cottonwood (large and decrepit) x xCliffClear water/permanent water x x x xClosed canopy x xDry land near water xDeciduous forest x x x x x xEmergent vegetation x x x x xFast-flowing watersForest edge x x x x x x x x x x x x xFlooded forests x x x xGrass x x x x xLarge trees x xMixedwood forest x x x x x x x xMud flats, sandy shoresNoneOpen areas xPonds/small lakes x xRocks x x x xSandy claySedges x x x xShallow waters x x x xShrubs & brush x x x x x x x x x x x xSnags x x x xSmall islandsSwampy forests x x x x x x x x xTree roots x x xWildlife trees x x xWoody debris x x x x x

x x

x



Water

Habitat components

Spotted frog

Com

mon loon

Pie-billed grebe

Horned grebe

Red-necked grebe

Western grebe

Am

erican bittern

Great blue heron

Trumpeter sw

an

Tundra swan

Canada goose

Snow goose

Greater w

hite-fronted goose

Green-w

inged teal

Mallard

Cavansback

Redhead

Red-necked duck

Agricultural fields x x x

Basal area of at least 20 sq. m/ha in mature treesBeaver housesBouldersConiferous forest

Cottonwood (large and decrepit)CliffClear water/permanent waterClosed canopyDry land near water xDeciduous forestEmergent vegetation x x x x x x x x x x x x xFast-flowing watersForest edgeFlooded forestsGrass x xLarge treesMixedwood forestMud flats, sandy shoresNone xOpen areasPonds/small lakes xRocksSandy claySedgesShallow waters x xShrubs & brush x xSnagsSmall islands xSwampy forestsTree rootsWildlife treesWoody debris



Water

Habitat components

Harlequin duck

Surf scoter

White-w

inged scoter

Rudy duck

Northern harrier

Sora

Am

erican coot

Semipalm

ated plover

Greater Y

ellowlegs

Greater Y

ellowlegs

Sanderling

Semipalm

ated sandpiper

Western sandpiper

Least sandpiper

long-billed dowitcher

Com

mon snipe

Agricultural fieldsBasal area of at least 20 sq. m/ha in mature treesBeaver housesBouldersConiferous forest

Cottonwood (large and decrepit)CliffClear water/permanent waterClosed canopyDry land near waterDeciduous forestEmergent vegetation x x x x x x xFast-flowing watersForest edgeFlooded forestsGrass xLarge treesMixedwood forestMud flats, sandy shores x x x x x x xNone x xOpen areas xPonds/small lakesRocksSandy claySedgesShallow waters Shrubs & brush xSnagsSmall islandsSwampy forests xTree rootsWildlife treesWoody debris


Riparian Management Strategies for Riparian Sensitive Species Water

Habitat components

Wilson's phalarope

Mew

gull

Californnia gull

Herring gull

Black tern

Violet-green sw

allow

Marsh w

ren

Am

erican dipper

Muskrat

Agricultural fieldsBasal area of at least 20 sq. m/ha in mature treesBeaver housesBouldersConiferous forest

Cottonwood (large and decrepit)Cliff xClear water/permanent water xClosed canopyDry land near waterDeciduous forestEmergent vegetation x x xFast-flowing waters xForest edgeFlooded forestsGrass xLarge treesMixedwood forestMud flats, sandy shoresNone x x x xOpen areasPonds/small lakesRocksSandy claySedges xShallow waters xShrubs & brushSnagsSmall islandsSwampy forestsTree rootsWildlife treesWoody debris

for: Canfor



Table A2b. Habitat for riparian obligate plant species found in the Vanderhoof DFA.

Ac/red-osier dogwood/prickly rose

Bl/horsetail/leafy mosses

Sb/soft-leaved sedge/sphagnum

Sxw/black twinberry

Sxw/devil's club/lady fern

Sxw/horsetail sites

Sxw/scrub birch/ feathermoss

Fm02 Ws08 Wb08 Ws07

shade intolerant, grows well in full sunlightpartial shadeshade tolerantlow drought toleranceseasonal flooding xdeeper water tables (> 40cm) x x x (5-6) x (5-6) x x (5-6)high water tables (20-40cm) x (5-6) x (6-7) x x (5-6) x (5-6) x (5-6) x v. high water table (0-20cm) x xshallow waters( 0- 60cm)cold air accumulation xmineral soil x x x x x x xthin peat/organic veneers (<10cm) x x xthick organic horizons (>10cm) x xorganic soils (>30cm) x xmoderately alkalinesaline tolerantpoor soil drainage x xregosols or brunisols xgleysols x x xseepage water present (oxygenated) x x x xfluvial PM x x x x x xmineral rich groundwater x xcalcareous soilsnitrogen rich soilvery oligotrophicoligotrophic A-Bmesotrophic x, C B-C B-D C-E B-C C-Deutrophic D-E x, D B-D C-E D-E C-Dvery eutrophic +hypereutrophiclower slopes x x toes xdepressions xadjacent to large rivers x x xadjacent to streams x + x x xactive floodplains xadjacent to lakes xadjacent to pools/ponds xadjacent to potholesspringsadjacent to wetlands/ wetland x x x xadjacent to marshes/ marsh xadjacent to bog/ bog (peatlands) xadjacent to fen/ fen xadjacent to swamp / swamp x x x xmeadowsfaculative hydrophyte- wetland affiliatedfaculative hydrophyte- upland affiliatedobligate hydrophyte

Habitat Components



Nuttall's alkaligrass/foxtail barley

Tufted hairgrass

swamp horsetail/beaked sedge

common spike-rush marsh

Drummond's willow/beaked sedge

mountain alder/ common horsetail

Drummond's willow /bluejoint

Gs02 Gs04 Wm02 Wm04 Ws04 Fl01 Fl05

shade intolerant, grows well in full sunlightpartial shadeshade tolerantlow drought toleranceseasonal flooding x x x x xdeeper water tables (> 40cm) x x x xhigh water tables (20-40cm) x x x xv. high water table (0-20cm) x x xshallow waters( 0- 60cm) x x xcold air accumulation xmineral soil x x x x x x xthin peat/organic veneers (<10cm) x xthick organic horizons (>10cm) x xorganic soils (>30cm) xmoderately alkaline x xsaline tolerant x xpoor soil drainageregosols or brunisols x x xgleysols x solenetzs x x x xseepage water present (oxygenated) xfluvial PM x x x xmineral rich groundwatercalcareous soilsnitrogen rich soilvery oligotrophicoligotrophic mesotrophic C C Ceutrophic E x x D Dvery eutrophic E x xhypereutrophic xlower slopestoesdepressions x xadjacent to large rivers x x xadjacent to streams x x x x xactive floodplains x xadjacent to lakes x xadjacent to pools/ponds x xadjacent to potholes x xspringsadjacent to wetlands/ wetland x x x x xadjacent to marshes/ marsh x x x xadjacent to bog/ bog (peatlands) x xadjacent to fen/ fen x xadjacent to swamp / swampmeadowsfaculative hydrophyte- wetland affiliatedfaculative hydrophyte- upland affiliatedobligate hydrophyte x x x

Habitat Components



Salix candida

Larix laricina

Betula nana

Betula pumila

Ledum glandulosum

Ribes hudsonianum

Ribes triste

Salix barclayi

Salix bebbiana

sage willow tamarack

scrub birch low birch trapper's tea

black currant

swamp currant

Barclay's willow

Bebb's willow

shade intolerant, grows well in full sunligx x x x x x x xpartial shade x x x x x xshade tolerant x x x

low drought toleranceseasonal flooding x x xdeeper water tables (> 40cm) + x x x xhigh water tables (20-40cm) x x x 5-7 x x x (5) 6 (7) x 5-6(7) x x 3-7v. high water table (0-20cm) x x 7 x 7 x x + + x (6)7 xshallow waters( 0- 60cm) xcold air accumulation x x xmineral soil x xthin peat/organic veneers (<10cm)thick organic horizons (>10cm) xorganic soils (>30cm) xmoderately alkalinesaline tolerantpoor soil drainageregosols or brunisolsgleysolsseepage water present (oxygenated) xfluvial PMmineral rich groundwater x calcareous soils xnitrogen rich soilvery oligotrophic xoligotrophic x A-B x + xmesotrophic x"~C" x 5.5-6.5 x A-D x 5.1-8.5 x 4.6-7 x 5- 6.9 x x 5-6.7 x C-D (E)eutrophic 5.7-7.6 x x x x x C-E x C-E x B-E x 5.5-7.5very eutrophic x x x x x x xhypereutrophic xlower slopestoesdepressionsadjacent to large rivers x x xadjacent to streams x xactive floodplains x xadjacent to lakes xadjacent to pools/pondsadjacent to potholesspringsadjacent to wetlands/ wetland x x x x + + x xadjacent to marshes/ marsh xadjacent to bog/ bog (peatlands) x x x xadjacent to fen/ fen x x x xadjacent to swamp / swamp x xmeadowsfaculative hydrophyte- wetland affiliated xfaculative hydrophyte- upland affiliated x x xobligate hydrophyte x

Habitat Components



Salix glauca

Salix pedicellaris

Actaea rubra

Angelica arguta

Botrychium virginianum

Cicuta douglasii

Circaea alpina

Comarum palustre

grey-leaved willow

bog willow baneberry

sharptooth angelica

rattlesnake fern

water hemlock

enchanter's-nightshade

marsh cinquefoil

shade intolerant, grows well in full sunli x x xpartial shade x x x xshade tolerant x x xlow drought toleranceseasonal flooding x x x x xdeeper water tables (> 40cm) x x x x x 4-6 xhigh water tables (20-40cm) x 3-7 x x 4-6 x x x v. high water table (0-20cm) x 7 x + x x x 7shallow waters( 0- 60cm) + xcold air accumulation xmineral soil x x xthin peat/organic veneers (<10cm)thick organic horizons (>10cm)organic soils (>30cm) xmoderately alkalinesaline tolerantpoor soil drainageregosols or brunisolsgleysols xseepage water present (oxygenated)fluvial PMmineral rich groundwatercalcareous soilsnitrogen rich soil xvery oligotrophic x xoligotrophic x xmesotrophic x (B)C-D (E) x x x x 4.8-7 x 5.5-6 xeutrophic x 6-9 x x C-E x 6.5-7.5 x 5.6-6.9 x x C-E xvery eutrophic x + x +hypereutrophic xlower slopes xtoesdepressionsadjacent to large rivers x x x x xadjacent to streams x x x xactive floodplains x x x xadjacent to lakes xadjacent to pools/pondsadjacent to potholesspringsadjacent to wetlands/ wetland x x x x xadjacent to marshes/ marsh x xadjacent to bog/ bog (peatlands) + xadjacent to fen/ fen x xadjacent to swamp / swamp x xmeadowsfaculative hydrophyte- wetland affiliated xfaculative hydrophyte- upland affiliatexobligate hydrophyte x x

Habitat Components



Equisetum fluviatile

Equisetum hyemale

Equisetum pratense

Equisetum scirpoides

Equisetum sylvaticum

Gaultheria hispidula

Geum rivale

swamp horsetail

scouring-rush

meadow horsetail

scouring-rush

wood horsetail

creeping-snowberry

water avens

shade intolerant, grows well in full sunli x x xpartial shade x x x xshade tolerant x x x xlow drought toleranceseasonal flooding x x xdeeper water tables (> 40cm) x x 5-6 (7) x x xhigh water tables (20-40cm) x x x 5-6 x 5-7 x 3-7 xv. high water table (0-20cm) x x x 6-7 + x 7shallow waters( 0- 60cm) x xcold air accumulation xmineral soil xthin peat/organic veneers (<10cm)thick organic horizons (>10cm)organic soils (>30cm) xmoderately alkalinesaline tolerantpoor soil drainageregosols or brunisolsgleysols xseepage water present (oxygenated)fluvial PMmineral rich groundwater x xcalcareous soilsnitrogen rich soil xvery oligotrophic xoligotrophic x x x + x A-C x ~Bmesotrophic x 4.5-6 x x x A-E x B-E x A-D x 4.8-7.0

eutrophic x x x C-E + x x xvery eutrophic x x +hypereutrophiclower slopes xtoesdepressionsadjacent to large rivers xadjacent to streams x x xactive floodplains xadjacent to lakes xadjacent to pools/pondsadjacent to potholesspringsadjacent to wetlands/ wetland x x + x xadjacent to marshes/ marsh xadjacent to bog/ bog (peatlands) x x xadjacent to fen/ fen xadjacent to swamp / swampmeadowsfaculative hydrophyte- wetland affiliated x x xfaculative hydrophyte- upland affiliatedobligate hydrophyte

Habitat Components



Geum macropyllum

Kalmia microphylla

Oxycoccus oxycoccos

Platanthera dilatata

Platanthera obtusata

Rubus arcticus

large-leaved avens

western bog-laurel

bog cranberry

white rein orchid

one-leaved rein orchid

dwarf nagoonberry

shade intolerant, grows well in full sunli x x x x xpartial shade x x xshade tolerant x xlow drought toleranceseasonal flooding xdeeper water tables (> 40cm) x high water tables (20-40cm) x 6-7 x x x xv. high water table (0-20cm) x x 7 + x x 5-(7) x 6-7shallow waters( 0- 60cm)cold air accumulationmineral soilthin peat/organic veneers (<10cm) x xthick organic horizons (>10cm) x xorganic soils (>30cm) xmoderately alkalinesaline tolerantpoor soil drainageregosols or brunisolsgleysolsseepage water present (oxygenated) x x xfluvial PMmineral rich groundwatercalcareous soilsnitrogen rich soil xvery oligotrophicoligotrophic x A-B x A-C (D) x xmesotrophic x C-E x ?C x (B) C-D (E) x A-Deutrophic x x 6-7.3 D x +very eutrophic xhypereutrophiclower slopestoesdepressionsadjacent to large riversadjacent to streams x xactive floodplainsadjacent to lakes xadjacent to pools/pondsadjacent to potholesspringsadjacent to wetlands/ wetland x x x x x xadjacent to marshes/ marsh xadjacent to bog/ bog (peatlands) x x x x +adjacent to fen/ fen +adjacent to swamp / swamp x xmeadowsfaculative hydrophyte- wetland affiliated x x xfaculative hydrophyte- upland affiliatedobligate hydrophyte

Habitat Components



Rubus chamaemorus

Senecio triangularis

Typha latifolia

Veratrum viride

Viola canadensis

Carex aquatilis

Carex canescens

Carex disperma

cloudberryarrow-leaved groundsel

common cattail

Indian hellebore

Canada violet

water sedge

grey sedge

soft-leaved sedge

shade intolerant, grows well in full sunli x x x x xpartial shade x x x x x x xshade tolerant xlow drought toleranceseasonal flooding x x x x xdeeper water tables (> 40cm) x x 4-6 x x +high water tables (20-40cm) x x x + + x x xv. high water table (0-20cm) x 7 x x x x 6-7shallow waters( 0- 60cm) x xcold air accumulation xmineral soil x xthin peat/organic veneers (<10cm) xthick organic horizons (>10cm) x xorganic soils (>30cm) +moderately alkalinesaline tolerant xpoor soil drainageregosols or brunisolsgleysolsseepage water present (oxygenated)fluvial PMmineral rich groundwater xcalcareous soilsnitrogen rich soil xvery oligotrophic x ~A x x ~A xoligotrophic x 4-5 x x xmesotrophic x x 5.5-7.5 x B-D x 4-7.5 x x B-Eeutrophic + x 6.2-7.8 x x x x 5.6-7.2 x very eutrophic x x x xhypereutrophiclower slopestoesdepressionsadjacent to large rivers x x xadjacent to streams xactive floodplains xadjacent to lakes x x adjacent to pools/ponds x x adjacent to potholes x springsadjacent to wetlands/ wetland x x x x x x xadjacent to marshes/ marsh x x xadjacent to bog/ bog (peatlands) x xadjacent to fen/ fen + x x xadjacent to swamp / swamp x xmeadowsfaculative hydrophyte- wetland affiliated xfaculative hydrophyte- upland affiliated xobligate hydrophyte x x

Habitat Components



Carex lasiocarpa Carex leptalea

Carex praegracilis

Carex tenuiflora

Carex utriculata Cinna latifolia

Deschampsia caespitosa

slender sedge

bristle-stalked sedge

field sedge

flowered sedge

beaked sedge

nodding wood-reed tufted hairgrass

shade intolerant, grows well in full sunlight x xpartial shade x x x xshade tolerant x x xlow drought toleranceseasonal flooding x x xdeeper water tables (> 40cm) x x x + xhigh water tables (20-40cm) x x x x x 5-6 (7)v. high water table (0-20cm) x x x x xshallow waters( 0- 60cm) x xcold air accumulation xmineral soilthin peat/organic veneers (<10cm)thick organic horizons (>10cm)organic soils (>30cm)moderately alkaline xsaline tolerantpoor soil drainageregosols or brunisolsgleysolsseepage water present (oxygenated)fluvial PMmineral rich groundwater xcalcareous soilsnitrogen rich soil xvery oligotrophic x + x +oligotrophic x x x xmesotrophic x x 4.8-6.9 x 5.3-6.8 x 4.5-7.0 x B-E x 4.8-7.2eutrophic x x x x x xvery eutrophic x x x +hypereutrophiclower slopestoesdepressions xadjacent to large rivers x xadjacent to streams x x x xactive floodplainsadjacent to lakesadjacent to pools/ponds x x xadjacent to potholesspringsadjacent to wetlands/ wetland x x x x x xadjacent to marshes/ marsh x xadjacent to bog/ bog (peatlands) xadjacent to fen/ fen x x x xadjacent to swamp / swamp xmeadows x x xfaculative hydrophyte- wetland affiliatedfaculative hydrophyte- upland affiliated x xobligate hydrophyte x x x

Habitat Components


+


Eleocharis palustris

Glyceria elata

Hordeum jubatum

Juncus balticus

Puccinellia nuttalliana

Scolochloa festucacea

Aulocomnium palustre

common spikerush

tall mannagrass

foxtail barley

Baltic rush

Nuttall's alkaligrass rivergrass glow moss

shade intolerant, grows well in full sunligx x x x x xpartial shade x xshade tolerant x x xlow drought tolerance xseasonal flooding x x xdeeper water tables (> 40cm) xhigh water tables (20-40cm) x x x x (4)5-7v. high water table (0-20cm) x4(5)-7 x x x x x 6-7shallow waters( 0- 60cm) x 6-7 x x xcold air accumulation xmineral soil x x x x xthin peat/organic veneers (<10cm) x x xthick organic horizons (>10cm)organic soils (>30cm) x xmoderately alkaline x xsaline tolerant x x x xpoor soil drainageregosols or brunisolsgleysols x xseepage water present (oxygenated)fluvial PMmineral rich groundwatercalcareous soilsnitrogen rich soilvery oligotrophic xoligotrophic x x xmesotrophic x 4.0-8.0 x x x x A-Eeutrophic x x 4.0-8.0 x 6.5-9.5 x 6.0-9.0 x 6.5-8.5 x 5.0-8.0 xvery eutrophic x x x + x xhypereutrophic x x xlower slopestoesdepressionsadjacent to large rivers xadjacent to streams x x xactive floodplainsadjacent to lakes x x xadjacent to pools/ponds x x x xadjacent to potholes x xspringsadjacent to wetlands/ wetland x x x x x xadjacent to marshes/ marsh x x xadjacent to bog/ bog (peatlands) xadjacent to fen/ fen xadjacent to swamp / swamp xmeadows x x xfaculative hydrophyte- wetland affiliated x x + x xfaculative hydrophyte- upland affiliatedobligate hydrophyte x x

Habitat Components

x



Brachythecium albicans

Calliergon giganteum

Calliergon spp.

Campylium stellatum

Cratoneuron filicinum

Drepanocladus aduncus

Drepanocladus spp.

lawn mossgiant water-moss

water mosses

golden star-moss

fern-leaved hook-moss

common hook-moss hook-mosses

shade intolerant, grows well in full sunligx xpartial shade xshade tolerant xlow drought toleranceseasonal floodingdeeper water tables (> 40cm) x + x xhigh water tables (20-40cm) 6-7; 4- 7 + + x x x xv. high water table (0-20cm) + x x x x x 5-7shallow waters( 0- 60cm) x x xcold air accumulationmineral soil x xthin peat/organic veneers (<10cm)thick organic horizons (>10cm)organic soils (>30cm) x xmoderately alkalinesaline tolerantpoor soil drainageregosols or brunisolsgleysols x xseepage water present (oxygenated)fluvial PMmineral rich groundwater x x x xcalcareous soilsnitrogen rich soilvery oligotrophicoligotrophic x x xmesotrophic x B. sp. C-E x x x x x A-E ;C-Eeutrophic x x x x x xvery eutrophic x xhypereutrophiclower slopestoesdepressionsadjacent to large riversadjacent to streams xactive floodplainsadjacent to lakesadjacent to pools/ponds xadjacent to potholessprings xadjacent to wetlands/ wetland x x x x xadjacent to marshes/ marsh x xadjacent to bog/ bog (peatlands)adjacent to fen/ fen x x x xadjacent to swamp / swamp xmeadows xfaculative hydrophyte- wetland affiliated x x xfaculative hydrophyte- upland affiliatedobligate hydrophyte

Habitat Components



Pellia neesiana

Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus

Sphagnum capillifolium

Sphagunum fuscum

Sphagnum girgensohnii

Tomenthypnum nitens

shiny liverwort bent-leaf moss

common red sphagnum

brown peatmoss

green peat-moss

golden fuzzy fen moss

shade intolerant, grows well in full sunlight x x x xpartial shade x x x xshade tolerant x xlow drought toleranceseasonal flooding xdeeper water tables (> 40cm) x xhigh water tables (20-40cm) x x xv. high water table (0-20cm) x x 6-7 x 7 (6) x x x 7 (6)shallow waters( 0- 60cm)cold air accumulationmineral soil x x xthin peat/organic veneers (<10cm)thick organic horizons (>10cm) x xorganic soils (>30cm) x x xmoderately alkalinesaline tolerantpoor soil drainageregosols or brunisolsgleysols x x xseepage water present (oxygenated)fluvial PMmineral rich groundwater x x xcalcareous soils x xnitrogen rich soil xvery oligotrophic x xoligotrophic x A-C x + xmesotrophic x C-D x x A-E x A-Eeutrophic x + x xvery eutrophic x xhypereutrophiclower slopestoesdepressionsadjacent to large rivers xadjacent to streams x xactive floodplainsadjacent to lakes x xadjacent to pools/ponds xadjacent to potholesspringsadjacent to wetlands/ wetland x x x x x xadjacent to marshes/ marshadjacent to bog/ bog (peatlands) x x x xadjacent to fen/ fen x x x xadjacent to swamp / swamp x xmeadowsfaculative hydrophyte- wetland affiliated xfaculative hydrophyte- upland affiliatexobligate hydrophyte x x

Habitat Components



Table A2c. Habitat for riparian obligate fish and invertebrate species found in the Vanderhoof DFA.

Habitat Componentswhite sturgeon

cutthroat trout

coho salmon

rainbow trout steelhead Kokanee

chinook salmon bull trout

Dolly Varden

land on side of river "riparian" x x x x

streams/rivers with overhead cover (bank, trees); x x x x x xLWD river/stream x x x x x xedges/undercuts x x x x x xside channels, sloughs and beaver ponds x x x x x xalong lakeshore, shallow x x xpollution sensitive (clear rivers/lakes) x x x xwell oxygenated (DO>10 mg/L ) x x xsilted rivers/poolslotic water temperature <15oC x x x x x x x xlakes <15oC x x x xlotic water above 15oC xlakes >15oC xlotic pools and deep pools x x x x x x xlotic riffles x x x x x x x

lotic medium sized gravel bottom (salmon and trout 1.3-10.2cm diameter); (smaller fish< 5.2 or 8cm dia) x x x x x x xgravel beds -sides of lakes x x

lotic boulder, cobble, flat rock bottom - cover, water flow x x x x x xlake hard bottom; boulder or rubble

lotic silt and sand substrates xlake sandy bottom vegetated bottom xsprings, upwelling groundwater xRivers x x x x x x x x xStreams x x x x x x x x xLakes x x x x x x x x



Habitat Componentsmountain whitefish

redside shiner

northern pike minnow

longnose dace

largescale sucker

bridgelip sucker

longnose sucker

white sucker

prickly sculpin

slimy sculpin

land on side of river "riparian"

streams/rivers with overhead cover (bank, trees); LWD river/stream x x x x x x x x x xedges/undercuts xside channels, sloughs and beaver ponds x x x xalong lakeshore, shallow x x x x x x x x xpollution sensitive (clear rivers/lakes) x x x x x x xwell oxygenated (DO>10 mg/L )silted rivers/pools x xlotic water temperature <15oC x x x x x x x xlakes <15oC x xlotic water above 15oC x x x x xlakes >15oC x xlotic pools and deep pools x xlotic riffles x x x

lotic medium sized gravel bottom (salmon and trout 1.3-10.2cm diameter); (smaller fish< 5.2 or 8cm dia) x x x x x x x x xgravel beds -sides of lakes x x x x x x

lotic boulder, cobble, flat rock bottom - cover, water flow x x x xlake hard bottom; boulder or rubble

x x x

lotic silt and sand substrates x x x lake sandy bottom x x vegetated bottom x x xsprings, upwelling groundwaterRivers S1-S2 x x x x x x x x x xstreams (S3-S4 ?) x x x x x x x x x xlakes x x x x x x x x x x

x

x



class Gastropodaorder Collembola

order Hemiptera sub-order Homoptera order Lepidoptera

order Megaloptera

class Gastropoda 2 fam

ilies

order Limnophila fam

il y Planorbidae,

Menetus/G

yraulus sp.

family Valvatidae,

Valvata sp.

division Oribatei

family N

octuidae

family Pyralidae

Sialidae, Sialis sp.

fresh water snails snails snails springtails

true bugs, some water striders

aquatic caterpillars

aquatic caterpillars moths alderflies

polution sensitive (silt, oxygen) x x xpollution tolerant x x xLotic (moving water) x x x x x x x x xland on side of stream/river (lotic) - tree stumps, soil, moss, leaves x x x xTrees on side of stream (bark)overhanging vegetation, elevated x x x xpools and deep pools edges of Lotic -rivers/streams x xside channels, sloughs and beaver pondsLWD ( cover/ surface/ food site) x x x xsprings, upwelling groundwater xwater below 15oC swiftly flowing streams, rifflesemergent vegetation- stream side x x x xstream bottom veg., algal mats -scrapers x x x x x xsoft bottom - mud, clay (silt) - slow flow x x xsand bottoms x x x xorganic detritus (in soft bottoms)- detrivores/ collector filterers x x x x x xmedium/ large sized gravel bottoms x x xboulder, cobble, flat rock bottom -scrapers x x xeat EPT -predators xtemporary streams

Habitat Components





order Megaloptera

class Gastropoda 2 fam

ilies

order Limnophila fam

ily Planorbidae,

Menetus/G

yraulus sp.

family Valvatidae,

Valvata sp.

division Oribatei

family N

octuidae

family Pyralidae



true bugs, some water striders


aquatic caterpillars moths alderflies

Lentic (standing water) x x x x x x x x xoverhanging vegetation - leaves xland on lake/ pond edges "riparian" x x x x xLWD x xalong lakeshore- littoral x x x x x> 15m depth- to bottom of deep lakes xorganic detritus x x x x x x xhard bottom, boulder or rubble bottoms (3-15cm dia) - scrapers x xSoft bottomsandy bottomvegetated bottom - algae x x xemergent vegetation (waterlilies, sedges, rushes) vascular hydrophytes x x x x xEat ETP - predators xsmall ponds x x x xbog ponds x x

Habitat Components



order Diptera- biting midges, no-see-ums

Diptera

Athericidae

Chironom

idae

Culicidae

Psychodidae

Simuliidae

Stratiomyidae

Tipulidae

biting midges, no-see-ums

watersnipe flies

midges or chironomids 9 subfamilies mosquitoes

moth flies

black flies

soldier flies

crane flies

polution sensitive (silt, oxygen) x x x xpollution tolerant x x x xLotic (moving water) x x x x x x x xland on side of stream/river (lotic) - tree stumps, soil, moss, leaves x x x x x x xTrees on side of stream (bark)overhanging vegetation, elevated x x x x x xpools and deep pools x x xedges of Lotic -rivers/streams x x xside channels, sloughs and beaver ponds x x

LWD ( cover/ surface/ food site) x x xsprings, upwelling groundwaterwater below 15oC swiftly flowing streams, riffles x x xemergent vegetation- stream side x x x xstream bottom veg., algal mats - scrapers x x x xsoft bottom - mud, clay (silt) - slow flow x x x xsand bottoms x x x

organic detritus (in soft bottoms)-detrivores/ collector filterers x x x x x x xmedium/ large sized gravel bottoms x xboulder, cobble, flat rock bottom -scrapers x xeat EPT -predators x x x xtemporary streams x x

Habitat Components

x



order Diptera- biting midges, no-see-ums

Diptera

Athericidae

Chironom

idae

Culicidae

Psychodidae

Simuliidae

Stratiomyidae

Tipulidae

biting midges, no-see-ums

watersnipe flies

midges or chironomids 9 subfamilies mosquitoes

moth flies

black flies

soldier flies

crane flies

Lentic (standing water) x x x x x

overhanging vegetation - leaves x xland on lake/ pond edges "riparian" x x xLWD x xalong lakeshore- littoral x x x x x> 15m depth- to bottom of deep lakes x xorganic detritus x x x x x x

hard bottom, boulder or rubble bottoms (3-15cm dia) - scrapers x xSoft bottom x xsandy bottomvegetated bottom - algae x x x xemergent vegetation (waterlilies, sedges, rushes) vascular hydrophytes x x x xEat ETP - predators x x xsmall ponds x x x x xbog ponds x x

Habitat Componentsx



order Ephemeroptera - mayflies

order Plecoptera stoneflies

Ephemeroptera

Ameletidae, Am

eletu ssp.

Baetidae

Ephemerellidae

Heptageniidae

Leptophlebiidae

Siphlonuridae

Plecoptera

Capniidae

mayflies 1 sp

small minnow mayflies 1 sp

spiny crawlers 2 sp

flatheaded mayflies 5 sp Pronggills

primitive minnow mayflies stoneflies

slender winter stoneflies

polution sensitive (silt, oxygen) x x x x x x x x xpollution tolerant x xLotic (moving water) x x x x x x x x xland on side of stream/river (lotic) - tree stumps, soil, moss, leaves x x x x x xTrees on side of stream (bark) x x xoverhanging vegetation, elevated x x x x xpools and deep pools edges of Lotic -rivers/streams x x x x xside channels, sloughs and beaver ponds

LWD ( cover/ surface/ food site) x x x x x x x xsprings, upwelling groundwater x x x xwater below 15oC xswiftly flowing streams, riffles x xemergent vegetation- stream side xstream bottom veg., algal mats - scrapers x x x x xsoft bottom - mud, clay (silt) - slow flow x x xsand bottoms x x x x

organic detritus (in soft bottoms)-detrivores/ collector filterers x x x x x x x x xmedium/ large sized gravel bottoms x x x x x xboulder, cobble, flat rock bottom -scrapers x x x x x x xeat EPT -predators x x xtemporary streams

Habitat Components



order Ephemeroptera - mayflies

order Plecoptera stoneflies

Ephemeroptera

Ameletidae, Am

eletu ssp.

Baetidae

Ephemerellidae

Heptageniidae

Leptophlebiidae

Siphlonuridae

Plecoptera

Capniidae

mayflies 1 sp

small minnow mayflies 1 sp

spiny crawlers 2 sp

flatheaded mayflies 5 sp Pronggills


slender winter stoneflies

Lentic (standing water) x x x x x x x x

overhanging vegetation - leaves xland on lake/ pond edges "riparian" xLWD x x xalong lakeshore- littoral x x x> 15m depth- to bottom of deep lakesorganic detritus x x x x x x

hard bottom, boulder or rubble bottoms (3-15cm dia) - scrapers x x x xSoft bottomsandy bottom x x xvegetated bottom - algae xemergent vegetation (waterlilies, sedges, rushes) vascular hydrophytes x xEat ETP - predators xsmall ponds x x xbog ponds

Habitat Components



order Plecoptera - stoneflies

Capridae

Chloroperlidae

Leuctridae

Nem

ouridae

Peltoperlidae, Yoraperla sp.

Perlidae

Perlodidae

Pteronarcyidae

Taeniopterygidae,Taenionem

a sp.

green stoneflies 2 sp

needleflies 1 sp

early winter stone 3 sp

roachlike stoneflies

golden stone

Perlodid stoneflies 2 sp

Taeniopterygid broadbacks

polution sensitive (silt, oxygen) x x x x x x x x xpollution tolerantLotic (moving water) x x x x x x x x xland on side of stream/river (lotic) - tree stumps, soil, moss, leaves x x x x x x x x xTrees on side of stream (bark)overhanging vegetation, elevated x x x x x xpools and deep pools edges of Lotic -rivers/streams xside channels, sloughs and beaver ponds

LWD ( cover/ surface/ food site) x x x x xsprings, upwelling groundwater xwater below 15oC swiftly flowing streams, rifflesemergent vegetation- stream side x x x x x x xstream bottom veg., algal mats - scrapers x x x xsoft bottom - mud, clay (silt) - slow flow xsand bottoms x

organic detritus (in soft bottoms)-detrivores/ collector filterers x x x x x xmedium/ large sized gravel bottoms x x x x x xboulder, cobble, flat rock bottom -scrapers x x x x xeat EPT -predators x x xtemporary streams

Habitat Components



order Plecoptera - stoneflies

Capridae

Chloroperlidae

Leuctridae

Nem

ouridae


Perlidae

Perlodidae

Pteronarcyidae

Taeniopterygidae,Taenionem

a sp.

green stoneflies 2 sp

needleflies 1 sp


roachlike stoneflies

golden stone

Perlodid stoneflies 2 sp


Lentic (standing water) x x x

overhanging vegetation - leaves xland on lake/ pond edges "riparian"LWD xalong lakeshore- littoral> 15m depth- to bottom of deep lakesorganic detritus x x

hard bottom, boulder or rubble bottoms (3-15cm dia) - scrapers xSoft bottomsandy bottomvegetated bottom - algae xemergent vegetation (waterlilies, sedges, rushes) vascular hydrophytesEat ETP - predators x xsmall pondsbog ponds

Habitat Components



order Trichoptera caddisflies

Trichoptera

Apataniidae, Apatania sp.

Brachycentridae

Glossom

atidae

Hydropsychidae

Hydroptilidae

Lepidostomatidae

Leptoceridae

Limnephilidae

Philopotamidae

Polycentropodae

Rhyacophilidae

Uenoidae

caddisflies

humpless case makers 1 sp.

saddle case makers

Common netspinners 1 sp

micro caddisflies

Lepidostomatid case makers 1 sp

longhorned case makers

Northern case makers 3 sp

fingernet caddisflies

trumpetnet caddisflies

freeliving caddisflies 1 sp

polution sensitive (silt, oxygen) x x x x x x x x x x x xpollution tolerantLotic (moving water) x x x x x x x x x x x xland on side of stream/river (lotic) - tree stumps, soil, moss, leaves xTrees on side of stream (bark)overhanging vegetation, elevated x x x x x xpools and deep pools x xedges of Lotic -rivers/streamsside channels, sloughs and beaver ponds

LWD ( cover/ surface/ food site) x x x x x x x x xsprings, upwelling groundwater x xwater below 15oC x xswiftly flowing streams, riffles x x xemergent vegetation- stream side x x x x x x xstream bottom veg., algal mats - scrapers x x x x x x x x x xsoft bottom - mud, clay (silt) - slow flow x x x xsand bottoms x x

organic detritus (in soft bottoms)-detrivores/ collector filterers x x x x x x x x xmedium/ large sized gravel bottoms x x x x x x x x x xboulder, cobble, flat rock bottom -scrapers x x x x x x x xeat EPT -predators x x x x xtemporary streams x x

Habitat Components

x

x

x

x



order Trichoptera caddisflies

Trichoptera


Brachycentridae

Glossom

atidae

Hydropsychidae

Hydroptilidae

Lepidostomatidae

Leptoceridae

Limnephilidae

Philopotamidae

Polycentropodae

Rhyacophilidae

Uenoidae

caddisflies

humpless case makers 1 sp.

saddlecase makers

Common netspinners 1 sp

micro caddisflies


longhorned case makers

Northern case makers 3 sp



freeliving caddisflies 1 sp

Lentic (standing water) x x x x x x x x x

overhanging vegetation - leavesland on lake/ pond edges "riparian"LWDalong lakeshore- littoral x x x x x x> 15m depth- to bottom of deep lakesorganic detritus x x x x

hard bottom, boulder or rubble bottoms (3-15cm dia) - scrapers x x x x xSoft bottomsandy bottomvegetated bottom - algae x x xemergent vegetation (waterlilies, sedges, rushes) vascular hydrophytes x x x x xEat ETP - predatorssmall ponds x x xbog ponds

Habitat Components



APPENDIX IV. MATRICES OF BEST INDICATORS SPECIES



Table A3a Wildlife Species Matrices - Early, Mid and Late Seral

Early Seral Species

long-tailed weasel

Mink River otter Beaver Northern bog lemming

Meadow jumping mouse

Moose

Western toadWood frog (dec. and mixed)Green-winged teal

MallardNorthern pintailBlue-winged tealNorthern shoveler

American wigeonLesser scaupPeregrine falconSandhill craneLesser yellowlegsRing-billed gullKingfisherAlder flycatcherRed-eyed vireoYellow warblerBlack-and-white warblerCommon yellowthroatSong sparrowLincoln's sparrowRed-winged blackbirdYellow-headed blackbirdRusty blackbirdLong-tailed weasel

MinkRiver otterBeaverNorthern bog lemmingMeadow jumping mouseMoose



Animals Mid-SeralLong-toe salamander

Western toad

Wood frog

Common garter snake

Bufflehead

Hooded merganser

Common merganser

Sharp-shinned hawk

Solitary sandpiper

Bonaparte's gull

Long-eared owl

Northern saw-whet owl

Kingfisher Olive-sided flycatcher

Long-toe salamanderWestern toadWood frog Common garter snakeBuffleheadHooded merganserCommon merganserSharp-shinned hawkSolitary sandpiperBonaparte's gullLong-eared owlNorthern saw-whet owlKingfisherOlive-sided flycatcherWestern wood-peweeYellow-bellied flycatcherAlder flycatcherEastern kingbirdVeeryRed-eyed vireoYellow warblerBlackpoll warblerNorthern waterthrushRusty blackbirdWater shrewLong-tailed weaselMinkRiver otterBeaverNorthern bog lemmingMoose




Animals Mid-Seral

Yellow-bellied flycatcher

Alder flycatcher

Eastern kingbird

Veery Red-eyed vireo

Yellow warbler

Blackpoll warbler

Northern waterthrush

Rusty blackbird

Water shrew

Long-tailed weasel

Mink River otter

Beaver Northern bog lemming

Moose

Long-toe salamanderWestern toadWood frog Common garter snakeBuffleheadHooded merganserCommon merganserSharp-shinned hawkSolitary sandpiperBonaparte's gullLong-eared owlNorthern saw-whet owlKingfisherOlive-sided flycatcherWestern wood-peweeYellow-bellied flycatcherAlder flycatcherEastern kingbirdVeeryRed-eyed vireoYellow warblerBlackpoll warblerNorthern waterthrushRusty blackbirdWater shrewLong-tailed weaselMinkRiver otterBeaverNorthern bog lemmingMoose


Animals - Late SeralNumber of species being

represented by this species

Long-toe salamander 1Western toad 0Wood frog 2Common garter snake 1Common goldeneye 4Barrow's goldeneye 4Bufflehead 6Hooded merganser 6Common merganser 6Osprey 8Bald eagle 8Solitary sandpiper 1Bonapartre's gull 0Northern saw-whet owl 2Kingfisher 2Olive-sided flycatcher 4Western wood-pewee 0Western flycatcher Complex 3Eastern kingbird 15Veery 1Bohemian waxwing 4Red-eyed vireo 0Blackpoll warbler 2Northern waterthrush 2Rusty blackbird 5Water shrew 2Fisher 1Long-tailed weasel 15Mink 14River otter 12Beaver 5Northern bog lemming 3Moose 8



Table A3b. Plant species matrices - early seral and mature stands

Species -early seral

Ribes hudsonianum

Ribes triste

Actaea rubra

Equisetum pratense


Viola canadensis

Cinna latifolia

Salix bebbiana

Salix candida

Salix glauca

Angelica arguta

Cicuta douglasii

Equisetum hyemale

Geum macropyllum



Typha latifolia

Ribes hudsonianum 0 1 1 1 1Ribes triste 1 0 1 1 1Actaea rubra 1 1 0 1 1Equisetum pratense 0 1 1 1Equisetum sylvaticum 0 1Viola canadensis 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1Cinna latifolia 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1Salix bebbiana 0 1 1Salix candida 0 1Salix glauca 0 ?Angelica arguta 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1Cicuta douglasii 0 1Equisetum hyemale 0Geum macropyllum 1 1 1 0Platanthera dilatata 1 0 1Platanthera obtusata 0Typha latifolia 0Veratrum viride 1 1 1 1 1Carex aquatilisCarex disperma ?Carex lasiocarpaCarex utriculataEleocharis plaustrisJuncus balticusScolochloa festucacea 1Brachythecium albicans 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1Larix laricinaBetula nanaBetula pumilaLedum glandulosumSalix barclayiSalix pedicellarisComarum palustre




Ribes hudsonianum

Ribes triste

Actaea rubra

Equisetum pratense


Viola canadensis

Cinna latifolia

Salix bebbiana

Salix candida

Salix glauca

Angelica arguta

Cicuta douglasii

Equisetum hyemale

Geum macropyllum



Typha latifolia

Equisetum fluviatile 1Geum rivale 1 1 1 1 1Kalmia microphylla 1Oxycoccus oxycoccosRubus arcticusRubus chamaemorusSenecio triangularis ? 1Carex canescens 1Carex praegracilis 1Deschampsia caespitosaGlyceria elataHordeum jubatum 1Puccinellia nuttalliana 1Aulocomnium palustre

Calliergon giganteum 1 1Calliergon spp. 1 1Campylium stellatumDrepanocladus aduncusDrepanocladus spp.Sphagnum capillifoliumSphagnum girgensohniiSphagunum fuscumTomenthypnum nitensNuttall's alkaligrass/foxtail barleyTufted hairgrass ecosystemswamp horsetail/beaked sedgecommon spike-rush marsh 1Drummond's willow/beaked sedge

mountain alder/ common horsetail 1 1 1Drummond's willow /bluejoint 1 1 1

River/stream only River/stream and wetland (many wetland types)best indicator 6 6 3 8 9 0 4 10 8 12 2 3 5 2 4 7 9

Potential limitationsnot in SBPSmc

not in SBPSdc difficult to id




Species -early seralVeratrum viride

Carex aquatilis

Carex disperma

Carex lasiocarpa

Carex utriculata

Eleocharis plaustris

Juncus balticus



Larix laricina

Betula nana

Betula pumila

Ledum glandulosum

Salix barclayi

Salix pedicellaris

Comarum palustre


Geum rivale

Ribes hudsonianum 1 1Ribes triste 1 1Actaea rubra 1 1 1Equisetum pratense 1 1 1Equisetum sylvaticum 1 1Viola canadensis 1 1 1 1Cinna latifolia 1 1 1 1Salix bebbianaSalix candida 1 1 1 ?Salix glauca 1 1Angelica arguta 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1Cicuta douglasii 1 1 0Equisetum hyemale 1 1Geum macropyllum 1 1 1Platanthera dilatata 1Platanthera obtusataTypha latifolia 1 1Veratrum viride 0 1 1Carex aquatilis 0Carex disperma 1 0Carex lasiocarpa 0Carex utriculata 0Eleocharis plaustris 1 0Juncus balticus 0Scolochloa festucacea 1 1 0Brachythecium albicans 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1Larix laricina 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1Betula nana 1 0 1 1Betula pumila 0Ledum glandulosum 1 1 1 0 1 1Salix barclayi 1 0 1Salix pedicellaris 1 1 0 1 1Comarum palustre 1 0



Species -early seralVeratrum viride

Carex aquatilis

Carex disperma

Carex lasiocarpa

Carex utriculata


Juncus balticus



Larix laricina

Betula nana

Betula pumila

Ledum glandulosum

Salix barclayi

Salix pedicellaris

Comarum palustre


Geum rivale

Equisetum fluviatile 1 1 0Geum rivale 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0Kalmia microphylla 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1Oxycoccus oxycoccos 1 1 1 1 1 1 1Rubus arcticus 1 1 1 1 1 1 1Rubus chamaemorus 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1Senecio triangularis 1 1 1Carex canescens 1 1 1 1Carex praegracilisDeschampsia caespitosaGlyceria elata 1 1 1Hordeum jubatum 1Puccinellia nuttalliana 1Aulocomnium palustre 1Calliergon giganteum 1 1 1 1 1Calliergon spp. 1 1 1 1 1Campylium stellatum 1 1 ? 1Drepanocladus aduncus 1 1Drepanocladus spp.Sphagnum capillifolium 1 1 1 1 1Sphagnum girgensohnii 1 1 1Sphagunum fuscum 1 1Tomenthypnum nitens 1 1Nuttall's alkaligrass/foxtail barley 1Tufted hairgrass ecosystem 1 1 1swamp horsetail/beaked sedge 1 1 1 1 1common spike-rush marsh 1 1 1Drummond's willow/beaked sedge 1 1mountain alder/ common horsetailDrummond's willow /bluejoint

wetland onlybest indicator 0 35 20 18 22 7 9 1 3 7 8 4 9 5 15 16 15 0

Potential limitations maybe difficult to id difficult to id Snot in SBPSmc



Species -early seralKalmia microphylla

Oxycoccus oxycoccos

Rubus arcticus

Rubus chamaemorus


Carex canescens

Carex praegracilis


Glyceria elata

Hordeum jubatum




Calliergon spp.

Campylium stellatum

Ribes hudsonianumRibes tristeActaea rubraEquisetum pratenseEquisetum sylvaticumViola canadensisCinna latifoliaSalix bebbianaSalix candidaSalix glaucaAngelica arguta 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1Cicuta douglasiiEquisetum hyemaleGeum macropyllum ?Platanthera dilatataPlatanthera obtusataTypha latifoliaVeratrum virideCarex aquatilisCarex disperma 1Carex lasiocarpaCarex utriculataEleocharis plaustrisJuncus balticusScolochloa festucaceaBrachythecium albicans 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1Larix laricina 1Betula nana 1Betula pumilaLedum glandulosum 1 1Salix barclayi 1Salix pedicellaris 1Comarum palustre


Species -early seralKalmia microphylla

Oxycoccus oxycoccos

Rubus arcticus

Rubus chamaemorus


Carex canescens

Carex praegracilis


Glyceria elata

Hordeum jubatum




Calliergon spp.

Campylium stellatum

Equisetum fluviatileGeum rivale 1 1 1Kalmia microphylla 0 1 1 1 1 1Oxycoccus oxycoccos 1 0 1Rubus arcticus 1 0 1 1Rubus chamaemorus 1 1 1 0 1Senecio triangularis 0 1Carex canescens 0Carex praegracilis 0Deschampsia caespitosa 0Glyceria elata 0 1Hordeum jubatum 0Puccinellia nuttalliana 0Aulocomnium palustre 0Calliergon giganteum 0 1Calliergon spp. 0 1Campylium stellatum 0Drepanocladus aduncusDrepanocladus spp. 1Sphagnum capillifolium 1 1 1 1Sphagnum girgensohnii 1Sphagunum fuscum 1Tomenthypnum nitensNuttall's alkaligrass/foxtail barley 1 1 1Tufted hairgrass ecosystem 1 1swamp horsetail/beaked sedgecommon spike-rush marshDrummond's willow/beaked sedge 1mountain alder/ common horsetailDrummond's willow /bluejoint

best indicator 4 5 5 2 1 3 3 2 3 2 2 17 2 2 7

Potential limitations



S



Drepanocladus spp.



Sphagunum fuscum

Tomenthypnum nitens


Tufted hairgrass ecosystem






Ribes hudsonianumRibes tristeActaea rubraEquisetum pratenseEquisetum sylvaticumViola canadensisCinna latifoliaSalix bebbianaSalix candidaSalix glaucaAngelica arguta 1 1 1 1 1? 1? 1?Cicuta douglasiiEquisetum hyemaleGeum macropyllumPlatanthera dilatataPlatanthera obtusataTypha latifoliaVeratrum virideCarex aquatilisCarex disperma 1Carex lasiocarpaCarex utriculataEleocharis plaustrisJuncus balticusScolochloa festucaceaBrachythecium albicans 1 1 1 1Larix laricina 1 1 1Betula nana 1 1 1Betula pumilaLedum glandulosum 1 1Salix barclayi

alix pedicellarisComarum palustre





Drepanocladus spp.



Sphagunum fuscum

Tomenthypnum nitens


Tufted hairgrass ecosystem






Equisetum fluviatileGeum rivale 1 1Kalmia microphylla 1 1 1Oxycoccus oxycoccos 1 1Rubus arcticus 1 1 1Rubus chamaemorus 1 1 1 1 1Senecio triangularis 1 1Carex canescens 1 1Carex praegracilisDeschampsia caespitosa 1Glyceria elataHordeum jubatumPuccinellia nuttallianaAulocomnium palustre

Calliergon giganteumCalliergon spp.Campylium stellatumDrepanocladus aduncus 0 1Drepanocladus spp. 0Sphagnum capillifolium 0 1 1 1Sphagnum girgensohnii 0 1Sphagunum fuscum 1 0 1Tomenthypnum nitens 0Nuttall's alkaligrass/foxtail barley 1 0Tufted hairgrass ecosystem 1 0swamp horsetail/beaked sedge 1 0common spike-rush marsh 1 0Drummond's willow/beaked sedge 0mountain alder/ common horsetail 0Drummond's willow /bluejoint 0

best indicator 5 12 2 10 5 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Potential limitations



Species matureRibes hudsonianum

Ribes triste

Actaea rubra

Circaea alpina

Equisetum pratense


Viola canadensis

Cinna latifolia


Cicuta douglasii

Equisetum hyemale

Geum macropyllum



Typha latifolia

Veratrum viride

Carex disperma

Ribes hudsonianum 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1Ribes triste 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1Actaea rubra 0 1 1 1 1 1Circaea alpina 1 1 1 0 1 1 1Equisetum pratense 1 1 0 1 1 1

Equisetum sylvaticum 0 1Viola canadensis 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1Cinna latifolia 1 1 1 1 0 1 1Botrychium virginianum 0Cicuta douglasii 0Equisetum hyemale 0Geum macropyllum 0 1Platanthera dilatata 0 1 1

Platanthera obtusata 0Typha latifolia 0Veratrum viride 1 1 1 0 1Carex disperma 0Carex leptalea

Carex tenuiflora ?Carex utriculataEleocharis plaustris


Pellia neesiana


Larix laricina 1Betula nanaBetula pumilaLedum glandulosumSalix barclayi



Species matureRibes hudsonianum

Ribes triste

Actaea rubra

Circaea alpina

Equisetum pratense


Viola canadensis

Cinna latifolia


Cicuta douglasii

Equisetum hyemale

Geum macropyllum



Typha latifolia

Veratrum viride

Carex disperma

Salix bebbianaSalix glauca ?

Equisetum scirpoidesGaultheria hispidulaGeum rivale 1 1 1 1Kalmia microphylla 1 1

Rubus chamaemorus 1Senecio triangularis ?Carex canescens

Aulocomnium palustreDrepanocladus aduncusDrepanocladus spp.Sphagnum girgensohniiAc/red-osier dogwood/prickly roseBl/horsetail/leafy mossesSb/soft-leaved sedge/sphagnum 1 1 1Sxw/black twinberrySxw/devil's club/lady fern 1Sxw/horsetail sites 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1Sxw/scrub birch/ feathermoss 1

stream/river stream/ and wetlandbest indicator 7 8 7 3 7 9 0 3 2 2 0 2 1 7 1 2 13

potential limitations

not in SBPSmc

not in SBPSmc

can be difficult to id



Species matureCarex leptalea

Carex tenuiflora

Carex utriculata



Pellia neesiana


Larix laricina

Betula nana

Betula pumila

Ledum glandulosum

Salix barclayi

Salix bebbiana

Salix glauca



Geum rivale

Kalmia microphylla

Ribes hudsonianum 1 1Ribes triste 1 1Actaea rubra 1 1Circaea alpina 1Equisetum pratense 1 1

Equisetum sylvaticum 1Viola canadensis 1 1Cinna latifolia 1Botrychium virginianum

Cicuta douglasii 1Equisetum hyemaleGeum macropyllum 1Platanthera dilatata

Platanthera obtusataTypha latifolia 1Veratrum viride 1Carex disperma ?Carex leptalea 0Carex tenuiflora 0Carex utriculata 0Eleocharis plaustris 0

Cratoneuron filicinum 0 ?Pellia neesiana ? 0Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus 0 1 1Larix laricina 1 0 1 1 1Betula nana 0Betula pumila 0Ledum glandulosum 1 1 0Salix barclayi 1 0




Species matureCarex leptalea

Carex tenuiflora

Carex utriculata



Pellia neesiana


Larix laricina

Betula nana

Betula pumila

Ledum glandulosum

Salix barclayi

Salix bebbiana

Salix glauca



Geum rivale

Kalmia microphylla

Salix bebbiana 0 1Salix glauca 0

Equisetum scirpoides 1 1 0 1Gaultheria hispidula 1 1 1 0Geum rivale 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0Kalmia microphylla 1 1 1 1 1 0

Rubus chamaemorus 1 1 1 1 1 1 1Senecio triangularis 1 1Carex canescens 1

Aulocomnium palustreDrepanocladus aduncusDrepanocladus spp.Sphagnum girgensohniiAc/red-osier dogwood/prickly roseBl/horsetail/leafy mosses 1 1 1Sb/soft-leaved sedge/sphagnum 1 1 1 1 1Sxw/black twinberrySxw/devil's club/lady fernSxw/horsetail sites ? ? ?Sxw/scrub birch/ feathermoss 1 ? ?

wetlandbest indicator 9 1 13 2 0 0 0 6 8 2 6 3 5 4 3 3 0 1

potential limitations SBSdw3widespread


Species matureRubus chamaemorus


Carex canescens



Drepanocladus spp.


Ac red-osier dogwood prickly rose



Sxw/black twinberry


Sxw/horsetail sites

Sxw scrub birch feathermoss

Ribes hudsonianumRibes tristeActaea rubra

Circaea alpinaEquisetum pratense

Equisetum sylvaticumViola canadensisCinna latifoliaBotrychium virginianum

Cicuta douglasiiEquisetum hyemaleGeum macropyllumPlatanthera dilatata

Platanthera obtusataTypha latifoliaVeratrum virideCarex disperma 1Carex leptalea

Carex tenuiflora

Carex utriculataEleocharis plaustris


Pellia neesiana ?Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus

Larix laricina 1 1Betula nana 1 1Betula pumilaLedum glandulosumSalix barclayi 1 1



Species matureRubus chamaemorus


Carex canescens



Drepanocladus spp.


Ac/red-osier dogwood/prickly rose



Sxw/black twinberry


Sxw/horsetail sites

Sxw/scrub birch/ feathermoss

Salix bebbianaSalix glauca

Equisetum scirpoides 1 1 1Gaultheria hispidula 1Geum rivale 1Kalmia microphylla 1 1

Rubus chamaemorus 0 1 1 1 1Senecio triangularis 0 1 1Carex canescens 0 1 1

Aulocomnium palustre 0Drepanocladus aduncus 0 1Drepanocladus spp. 0Sphagnum girgensohnii 0Ac/red-osier dogwood/prickly rose 0Bl/horsetail/leafy mosses 1 1 1 0Sb/soft-leaved sedge/sphagnum 1 1 1 0Sxw/black twinberry 0Sxw/devil's club/lady fern 0Sxw/horsetail sites 1 1 0Sxw/scrub birch/ feathermoss 1 0

best indicator 1 2 2 13 2 6 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

potential limitations widespread



Table A3c. Fish Species Matrix - Mature Forest

Species Mature Forest

white sturgeon

cutthroat trout

coho salmon

rainbow trout steelhead Kokanee

chinook salmon bull trout

Dolly Varden

mountain whitefish

redside shiner

northern pike minnow

longnose dace

largescale sucker

bridgelip sucker

longnose sucker

white sucker

prickly sculpin

slimy sculpin

white sturgeon 0 ? ? 1 1 1 ?cutthroat trout 0 ? ? 1coho salmon 0 1rainbow trout 0steelhead ? ? 0 1 ? ? 1Kokanee 0 ?chinook salmon 0bull trout ? ? ? 0Dolly Varden 0mountain whitefish 0redside shiner 1 0

northern pike minnow ? 0 1 ?longnose dace ? 0largescale sucker 0bridgelip sucker 1 ? ? 1 1 0 ?longnose sucker ? ? ? ? ? ? 0white sucker ? ? 0prickly sculpin ? 0slimy sculpin ? 0best indicator 0 0 1 1 1 0 4 0 0 2 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0



Table A3d. Benthic Invertebrate Species Matrix - Mature Forest



order Megaloptera

order Coleoptera order Diptera- biting midges, no-see-ums

Lotic and Lentic Habitats Mature

class Gastropoda

order Limnophila

family Planorbidae,

family Valvatidae .

division Oribatei

family N

octuidae

family Pyralidae


Elmidae

Diptera

Athericidae

Chironom

idae

Culicidae

Psychodidae

Stratiomyidae


true bugs, some water

stridersaquatic

caterpillars


moths alderflies riffle beetles

biting midges, no-

see-umswatersnipe

flies

midges or chironomids

9 subfamilies mosquitoes

moth flies

soldier flies

Gastropoda 0 1order Limnophila-Planorbidae 1 0 ? 1family Valvatidae 1 0 1division Oribatei 0 ?order Collembola 0 1 1 1 ? ? ?sub-order Homoptera 0 ? ? ?family Noctuidae 0 1 1 ?family Pyralidae 0 1Sialidae 0Elmidae 0Diptera 0Athericidae 1 0Chironomidae 1 0Culicidae 1 0Psychodidae 1 0Stratiomyidae ? ? 0TipulidaeEphemeroptera AmeletidaeBaetidae ?Ephemerellidae ?Heptageniidae ? 1





order Megaloptera

order Coleoptera order Diptera- biting midges, no-see-ums


class Gastropoda

order Limnophila

family Planorbidae,

family Valvatidae.

division Oribatei

family N

octuidae

family Pyralidae


Elmidae

Diptera

Athericidae

Chironom

idae

Culicidae

Psychodidae

Stratiomyidae


true bugs, some water

stridersaquatic

caterpillars


moths alderflies riffle beetles

biting midges, no-

see-umswatersnipe

flies

midges or chironomids

9 subfamilies mosquitoes

moth flies

soldier flies

Leptophlebiidae ?Siphlonuridae ?PlecopteraNemouridaePerlidae 1Perlodidae 1Trichoptera ?Apataniidae 1Brachycentridae ? ?Glossomatidae 1Hydropsychidae 1Hydroptilidae ?Leptoceridae 1Limnephilidae 1SimuliidaeCapniidae 1Capridae 1 1Chloroperlidae 1Leuctridae 1Peltoperlidae 1Pteronarcyidae 1Taeniopterygidae 1Lepidostomatidae 1Philopotamidae 1Polycentropodae 1 1Rhyacophilidae 1 ?Uenoidae 1 1Indicator value 5 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 29 1 0 0 0 0



Diptera order Ephemeroptera - mayflies order Plecoptera - stoneflies order Trichoptera caddisflies


Tipulidae

Ephemeroptera

Ameletidae,

Ameletus sp.

Baetidae

Ephemerellidae

Heptageniidae

Leptophlebiidae

Siphlonuridae

Plecoptera

Nem

ouridae

Perlidae

Perlodidae

Trichoptera


Brachycentridae

Glossom

atidae

Hydropsychidae

Hydroptilidae

Leptoceridae

Limnephilidae

crane flies mayflies 1 sp

small minnow mayflies

1 sp

spiny crawlers

2 sp

flatheaded mayflies 5

sp Pronggills



golden stone

Perlodid stoneflies

2 sp

caddisflies

humpless case

makers 1 sp.

saddlecase makers

Common netspinners

1 spmicro

caddisflies longhorned

case makers

Northern case

makers 3 sp

Gastropoda 1 ? ? ? 1 1 1 1 1 ? 1order Limnophila-Planorbidae 1 1 ? 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1family Valvatidae 1 ? ? ? 1 1 1 1 ? 1 1 1division Oribatei ? ?order Collembola ? ? ? ? ?sub-order Homoptera 1 ?family Noctuidae ?family Pyralidae

Sialidae 1Elmidae ? ? ? ? ? ?DipteraAthericidae 1 1 1 1 1 1 1ChironomidaeCulicidaePsychodidae ? ? ? ?Stratiomyidae 1 ?Tipulidae 0Ephemeroptera 0Ameletidae 1 0 ?Baetidae 1 0 1 ? ? ?Ephemerellidae ? 1 0 ? ? 1 1 1Heptageniidae 1 ? 1 0 1 ? 1 1 1 1



Diptera order Ephemeroptera - mayflies order Plecoptera - stoneflies order Trichoptera caddisflies


Tipulidae

Ephemeroptera

Ameletidae,

Ameletus sp.

Baetidae

Ephemerellidae

Heptageniidae

Leptophlebiidae

Siphlonuridae

Plecoptera

Nem

ouridae

Perlidae

Perlodidae

Trichoptera


Brachycentridae

Glossom

atidae

Hydropsychidae

Hydroptilidae

Leptoceridae

Limnephilidae

crane flies mayflies 1 sp

small minnow mayflies

1 sp

spiny crawlers

2 sp

flatheaded mayflies 5

sp Pronggills



golden stone

Perlodid stoneflies

2 sp

caddisflies

humpless case

makers 1 sp.

saddlecase makers

Common netspinners

1 spmicro

caddisflies longhorned

case makers

Northern case

makers 3 sp

Leptophlebiidae 1 ? 0 1 1 ? ?Siphlonuridae 1 1 0 1 ? 1Plecoptera 0Nemouridae 1 0Perlidae 1 ? ? 1 0 1 1 ?Perlodidae 1 ? 0 ? ? ?Trichoptera 0Apataniidae ? ? 1 0 1 1Brachycentridae 1 ? ? 1 1 0 1 1Glossomatidae ? 1 1 1 ? 1 ? 1 1 0 1 ? 1 1Hydropsychidae ? 1 1 1 1 1 ? 1 ? 0 ? 1 1Hydroptilidae 1 0 1 1Leptoceridae 1 0Limnephilidae 1 ? 0Simuliidae 1 ? ? ? 1 ?Capniidae 1 1 ? ? 1 1 1 1 1Capridae 1 1 1 ? 1 1 1 1 1 1 1Chloroperlidae ? 1 ? ? 1 1 1 1Leuctridae ? 1 ? 1 1 1 1 ? ? ?Peltoperlidae ? 1 1 1 1 1Pteronarcyidae 1 1 1 1 ?Taeniopterygidae 1 1 1 1 ?Lepidostomatidae 1 1 1 1Philopotamidae 1 ? ? 1 1Polycentropodae 1 1 1 ? ? 1 1 ?Rhyacophilidae ? ? 1Uenoidae 1 1 ? 1Indicator value 4 27 3 2 5 1 3 4 23 9 1 16 27 1 0 0 1 3 9 11P. Beaudry and Associates Ltd Page 98 March 2006 Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd.


Diptera Plecoptera Trichoptera

Lotic Habitats Mature

Lotic habitat

Simuliidae

Capniidae

Capridae

Chloroperlidae

Leuctridae


Pteronarcyidae

Taeniopterygidae, Taenionem

a sp.

Lepidostomatidae

Philopotamidae

Polycentropodae

Rhyacophilidae

Uenoidae

black flies

slender winter

stoneflies

green stoneflies

2 spneedleflies

1 sproachlike stoneflies





freeliving caddisflies

1 spGastropoda order Limnophila-Planorbidaefamily Valvatidaedivision Oribateiorder Collembola

sub-order Homopterafamily Noctuidaefamily Pyralidae

SialidaeElmidaeDipteraAthericidae ? 1 ? 1 1 1 1ChironomidaeCulicidaePsychodidaeStratiomyidae TipulidaeEphemeroptera AmeletidaeBaetidaeEphemerellidaeHeptageniidae



Diptera Plecoptera Trichoptera

Lotic Habitats Mature

Lotic habitat

Simuliidae

Capniidae

Capridae

Chloroperlidae

Leuctridae


Pteronarcyidae

Taeniopterygidae, Taenionem

a sp.

Lepidostomatidae

Philopotamidae

Polycentropodae

Rhyacophilidae

Uenoidae

black flies

slender winter

stoneflies

green stoneflies

2 spneedleflies

1 sproachlike stoneflies





freeliving caddisflies

1 spLeptophlebiidaeSiphlonuridaePlecopteraNemouridaePerlidaePerlodidaeTrichopteraApataniidaeBrachycentridaeGlossomatidaeHydropsychidaeHydroptilidaeLeptoceridaeLimnephilidaeSimuliidae 0 ?Capniidae 0 1 1 1Capridae 1 0 1 1 1 1 1Chloroperlidae 1 0 1 ?Leuctridae ? 0 1Peltoperlidae ? 1 0 1Pteronarcyidae 0 1Taeniopterygidae ? 0Lepidostomatidae 0Philopotamidae 0Polycentropodae 0Rhyacophilidae 0 ?Uenoidae 0Indicator value 0 3 0 1 5 2 3 6 0 0 0 0 0


Riparian Management Strategies for Riparian Sensitive Species

APPENDIX V. MATRICES OF BEST SPECIES INDICATORS



Table A4a. Wildlife Species Indicator Ranking

Early seral Mid-seral Late-seralAgricultural fields 6 1 1Basal area of at least 20 sq. m/ha in mature trees 0 0 1Beaver houses 0 2 2Boulders 1 2 2Coniferous forest 5 19 24

Cottonwood (large and decrepit) 0 0 2Cliff 2 1 1Clear water/permanent water 1 4 4Closed canopy 0 0 2Dry land near water 6 2 2Deciduous forest 5 17 14Emergent vegetation 8 5 5Fast-flowing waters 0 0 0Forest edge 14 19 20Flooded forests 1 4 4Grass 9 5 5Large trees 0 8 5Mixedwood forest 5 17 17Mud flats, sandy shores 1 0 0None 0 0 0Open areas 0 0 1Ponds/small lakes 0 2 3Rocks 3 8 8Sandy clay 1 1 1Sedges 1 4 4Shallow waters 2 4 4Shrubs & brush 14 16 12Snags 2 9 13Small islands 0 0 0Swampy forests 5 10 10Tree roots 2 4 3Wildlife trees 1 9 12Woody debris 4 9 9

Habitat componentsNumber of species needing this component



Table A4b. Plant Species Indicator Ranking

Habitat Componentslow drought tolerance

seasonal flooding

deeper water tables (> 40cm)

high water tables (20-40cm)

v. high water table (0-20cm)

shallow waters (0- 60cm)

cold air ponding

mineral soil

organic (<10cm)

low drought tolerance 0 1 1 1 1 1seasonal flooding 0deeper water tables (> 40cm) 0high water tables (20-40cm) 0v. high water table (0-20cm) 0shallow waters( 0- 60cm) ? 0cold air accumulation 0mineral soil 0thin peat/organic veneers (<10cm) 1 0thick organic horizons (>10cm)organic soils (>30cm)moderately alkalinesaline tolerantpoor soil drainage 1 1 1regosols or brunisols 1 1 1gleysols 1seepage water presentfluvial PM 1mineral rich groundwatercalcareous soils 1 1 1 1nitrogen rich soil ?very oligotrophicoligotrophic mesotrophic eutrophic very eutrophichypereutrophiclower slopes 1toes 1 1 1 1depressions 1adjacent to large riversadjacent to streamsactive floodplainsadjacent to lakesadjacent to pools/ponds 1adjacent to potholes 1springs 1adjacent to wetlands/ wetlandadjacent to marshes/ marshadjacent to bog/ bog (peatlands)adjacent to fen/ fenadjacent to swamp / swampmeadowsfaculative hydrophyte- wetland affiliated ?faculative hydrophyte- upland affiliatedobligate hydrophyte ?habitat indicators plants 0 2 6 4 4 1 0 7


3


Habitat Componentsthick organic horizons (>10cm)

organic soils (>30cm)

moderately alkaline

saline tolerant

poor soil drainage

regosols or brunisols gleysols

seepage water present

fluvial PM

low drought tolerance 1 1seasonal floodingdeeper water tables (> 40cm)high water tables (20-40cm)v. high water table (0-20cm)shallow waters( 0- 60cm)cold air accumulationmineral soilthin peat/organic veneers (<10cm) 1thick organic horizons (>10cm) 0organic soils (>30cm) 0moderately alkaline 0saline tolerant 0poor soil drainage 1 0 1regosols or brunisols 0 1gleysols 0seepage water present 0fluvial PM 0mineral rich groundwatercalcareous soilsnitrogen rich soilvery oligotrophicoligotrophic mesotrophic eutrophic very eutrophichypereutrophiclower slopestoes 1 1depressionsadjacent to large riversadjacent to streamsactive floodplainsadjacent to lakesadjacent to pools/pondsadjacent to potholesspringsadjacent to wetlands/ wetlandadjacent to marshes/ marshadjacent to bog/ bog (peatlands)adjacent to fen/ fenadjacent to swamp / swampmeadowsfaculative hydrophyte- wetland affiliatedfaculative hydrophyte- upland affiliatedobligate hydrophyte

habitat indicators plants 1 1 1 1 0 0 3 1


1

1 1

3



1

1

1

Habitat Components mineral rich groundwater

calcareous soils

nitrogen rich soil

very oligotrophic oligotrophic mesotrophic eutrophic

very eutrophic

hypereutrophic

low drought tolerance 1 1 1 1seasonal floodingdeeper water tables (> 40cm)high water tables (20-40cm)v. high water table (0-20cm)shallow waters( 0- 60cm) ?cold air accumulation 1mineral soil ?thin peat/organic veneers (<10cm)thick organic horizons (>10cm)organic soils (>30cm) ?moderately alkaline 1 1saline tolerantpoor soil drainage 1regosols or brunisols 1gleysolsseepage water present 1fluvial PMmineral rich groundwater 0 ?calcareous soils 0 1 1 1nitrogen rich soil 0 ? 1very oligotrophic 0 1 1oligotrophic 0mesotrophic 0eutrophic 0very eutrophic 1 0hypereutrophic 0lower slopes 1 1toes 1 1depressions 1adjacent to large rivers ?adjacent to streams ? 1active floodplains ? 1adjacent to lakes 1adjacent to pools/ponds 1adjacent to potholessprings 1 1adjacent to wetlands/ wetlandadjacent to marshes/ marshadjacent to bog/ bog (peatlands)adjacent to fen/ fenadjacent to swamp / swampmeadowsfaculative hydrophyte- wetland affiliated 1 ?faculative hydrophyte- upland affiliated 1 1obligate hydrophyte ?habitat indicators plants 1 0 0 0 2 8 18 3



12

Habitat Components lower slopes toes

depressions

adjacent to large rivers

adjacent to streams

active floodplains

adjacent to ponds

adjacent to potholes springs

adjacent to wetlands/ wetland

low drought tolerance 1 1seasonal floodingdeeper water tables (> 40cm)high water tables (20-40cm)v. high water table (0-20cm)shallow waters( 0- 60cm)cold air accumulationmineral soilthin peat/organic veneers (<10cm) 1thick organic horizons (>10cm) 1organic soils (>30cm) 1moderately alkaline 1saline tolerant 1poor soil drainage 1regosols or brunisols 1 1gleysols 1seepage water presentfluvial PMmineral rich groundwatercalcareous soils 1nitrogen rich soilvery oligotrophicoligotrophic mesotrophic eutrophic very eutrophichypereutrophiclower slopes 0 1toes 0depressions 0adjacent to large rivers 0adjacent to streams 0active floodplains 0adjacent to lakesadjacent to pools/ponds 0 1adjacent to potholes 0 1springs 1 0adjacent to wetlands/ wetland 0adjacent to marshes/ marshadjacent to bog/ bog (peatlands)adjacent to fen/ fenadjacent to swamp / swampmeadowsfaculative hydrophyte- wetland affiliatedfaculative hydrophyte- upland affiliated 1obligate hydrophyte 1habitat indicators plants 0 0 0 0 4 1 0 0 0



0

Habitat Componentsadjacent to marshes/ marsh

adjacent to bog/ bog (peatlands)

adjacent to fen/ fen

adjacent to swamp / swamp meadows

faculative hydrophyte- wetland

faculative hydrophyte- upland

obligate hydrophyte

low drought tolerance 1 1 1seasonal floodingdeeper water tables (> 40cm)high water tables (20-40cm)v. high water table (0-20cm)shallow waters( 0- 60cm)cold air accumulationmineral soilthin peat/organic veneers (<10cm)thick organic horizons (>10cm)organic soils (>30cm)moderately alkalinesaline tolerantpoor soil drainage 1regosols or brunisolsgleysolsseepage water presentfluvial PMmineral rich groundwatercalcareous soils 1 1nitrogen rich soilvery oligotrophicoligotrophic mesotrophic eutrophic very eutrophichypereutrophiclower slopestoesdepressionsadjacent to large riversadjacent to streamsactive floodplainsadjacent to lakesadjacent to pools/pondsadjacent to potholes 1springsadjacent to wetlands/ wetlandadjacent to marshes/ marsh 0adjacent to bog/ bog (peatlands) 0adjacent to fen/ fen 0adjacent to swamp / swamp 0meadows 0faculative hydrophyte- wetland affiliated 0faculative hydrophyte- upland affiliated 0obligate hydrophyte 0habitat indicators plants 2 1 1 1 1 1 0


Table A4c. Fish Species Indicators Ranking

Fish - Habitat Matrix

land on side of river "riparian"

streams with overhead cover (bank, trees)

LWD river, stream

River edges undercuts

side channels, sloughs and beaver ponds

along lakeshore, shallow

pollution sensitive (clear river, lakes)

River, stream, well oxygenated

silted rivers/pools

land on side of river "riparian" 0 1 1 1streams with overhead cover (bank, trees); 0LWD river/stream 0

River edges undercuts 0side channels, sloughs and beaver ponds 0

along lakeshore, shallow 1 0pollution sensitive (clear river lakes) 1 0River, stream, well oxygenated (DO>10 mg/L ) 1 1 1 1 1 0silted rivers/pools 1 1 1River, stream water temperature <15oCLakes <15oC 1River, stream, water above 15oC 1 1Lakes >15oC 1 1River, stream, pools and deep poolsStream rifflesstreams, medium sized gravel bottom gravel beds lakesides 1 1Stream, river boulder, cobble, flat rock bottom - cover, water flowLakes hard bottom; boulder or rubble 1 1River, stream, silt and sand substrates 1Lakes sandy bottom 1 1 1Stream, Lake, vegetated bottom 1 1

springs, rivers upwelling groundwater 1 1Rivers StreamsLakes

Most representative 0 2 14 2 2 7 3 0 0

0




1


River, stream water temp. <15oC

Lakes <15oC

River, stream, water >15oC

Lakes >15oC

River, stream, pools and deep pools

Stream riffles

streams, medium sized gravel bottom

gravel beds, lakesides

Stream, river boulder, cobble, rock bottom

land on side of river "riparian" 1 1streams with overhead cover (bank, trees); 1LWD river/stream

River edges undercuts 1side channels, sloughs and beaver ponds 1

along lakeshore, shallowpollution sensitive (clear river lakes) 1River, stream, well oxygenated (DO>10 mg/L ) 1 1 1silted rivers/pools 1 1 1 1River, stream water temperature <15oC 0Lakes <15oC 0 1River, stream, water above 15oC 0Lakes >15oC 1 0 1River, stream, pools and deep pools 1 0Stream riffles 0streams, medium sized gravel bottom 0gravel beds lakesides 1 0Stream, river boulder, cobble, flat rock bottom - cover, water flow 0Lakes hard bottom; boulder or rubble 1 1River, stream, silt and sand substrates 1 1Lakes sandy bottom 1 1Stream, Lake, vegetated bottom 1

springs, rivers upwelling groundwater 1 1 1 1 1Rivers StreamsLakes

Most representative 10 2 0 0 2 2 10 3 2



1 1

1 1

1 11 1

1

1 1


Lakes hard bottom; boulder or rubble

River, stream, silt and sand substrates

Lakes sandy bottom

Stream, Lake, vegetated bottom

springs, rivers upwelling groundwater Rivers Streams Lakes

land on side of river "riparian" 1 1 1streams with overhead cover (bank, trees); 1 1 1LWD river/stream 1 1 1

River edges undercuts 1 1side channels, sloughs and beaver ponds 1 1 1

along lakeshore, shallow 1 1 1pollution sensitive (clear river lakes) 1 1 1River, stream, well oxygenated (DO>10 mg/L ) 1 1 1silted rivers/pools 1 1River, stream water temperature <15oC 1 1Lakes <15oC 1 1 1River, stream, water above 15oC 1 1Lakes >15oC 1 1 1River, stream, pools and deep pools 1 1Stream riffles 1 1streams, medium sized gravel bottom 1 1 1gravel beds lakesides 1 1 1Stream, river boulder, cobble, flat rock bottom - cover, water flow 1 1Lakes hard bottom; boulder or rubble 0 1River, stream, silt and sand substrates 0 1Lakes sandy bottom 0 1Stream, Lake, vegetated bottom 0 1 1

springs, rivers upwelling groundwater 1 0 1Rivers 0 1Streams 1 0Lakes 1 1 0Most representative 1 1 0 0 0 25 25 17


Table A4d. Invertebrate Species Indicator Ranking

Riparian Obligate Invertebrates - Lotic Habitat

polution sensitive (silt, oxygen)

pollution tolerant

Lotic (moving water)

land on side of stream/river - tree stumps, soil, moss, leaves

Trees on side of stream

overhanging vegetation, elevated

pools and deep pools

polution sensitive (silt, oxygen) 0 1pollution tolerant 0 1Lotic (moving water) 0

land on side of stream/river -tree stumps, soil, moss, leaves 1 0Trees on side of stream (bark) 1 1 1 0 1overhanging vegetation, elevated 1 0pools and deep pools ? 1 1 0edges of Lotic -rivers/streams ? 1 ?side channels, sloughs and beaver ponds 1 1 1 1LWD ( cover/ surface/ food site) 1springs, upwelling groundwater ? 1 1water below 15oC 1 1swiftly flowing streams, riffles ? 1emergent vegetation- stream side 1stream bottom veg., algal mats - scrapers 1soft bottom - mud, clay (silt) - slow flow 1sand bottoms 1organic detritus (in soft bottoms)- detrivores, collector-filterers 1medium/ large sized gravel bottoms 1 1boulder, cobble, flat rock bottom -scrapers 1 1eat EPT -predators 1temporary streams ? 1Indicator ranking 4 1 21 3 0 2 1




edges of rivers, streams

side channels sloughs, beaver ponds

LWD (cover/ surface/ food site)

springs, upwelling groundwater

water below 15oC

swiftly flowing streams riffles

stream side emergent vegetation

stream bottom veg., algal mats

polution sensitive (silt, oxygen)pollution tolerantLotic (moving water)

land on side of stream/river -tree stumps, soil, moss, leavesTrees on side of stream (bark) 1overhanging vegetation, elevated pools and deep pools ?edges of Lotic -rivers/streams 0side channels, sloughs and beaver ponds 0 1LWD ( cover/ surface/ food site) 0springs, upwelling groundwater 0water below 15oC 0swiftly flowing streams, riffles 0emergent vegetation- stream side 0stream bottom veg., algal mats - scrapers 0soft bottom - mud, clay (silt) - slow flowsand bottomsorganic detritus (in soft bottoms)- detrivores, collector-filterersmedium/ large sized gravel bottomsboulder, cobble, flat rock bottom -scraperseat EPT -predatorstemporary streams 1Indicator ranking 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 0




soft bottom - mud, clay (silt) - slow flow

sand bottoms

organic detritus (in soft bottoms)

medium, large sized gravel bottoms

boulder, cobble, flat rock bottom -scrapers eat EPT

temporary streams

polution sensitive (silt, oxygen)pollution tolerant 1Lotic (moving water)

land on side of stream/river -tree stumps, soil, moss, leavesTrees on side of stream (bark) 1 1overhanging vegetation, elevated pools and deep pools edges of Lotic -rivers/streams ?side channels, sloughs and beaver ponds 1 1 1LWD ( cover/ surface/ food site)springs, upwelling groundwater ?water below 15oC 1 1 1swiftly flowing streams, rifflesemergent vegetation- stream sidestream bottom veg., algal mats - scraperssoft bottom - mud, clay (silt) - slow flow 0 ?sand bottoms 0 ?organic detritus (in soft bottoms)- detrivores, collector-filterers 0medium/ large sized gravel bottoms 0boulder, cobble, flat rock bottom -scrapers ? 0eat EPT -predators 0temporary streams 1 0Indicator ranking 1 0 4 1 2 1 1



Riparian Obligate Invertebrates - Lentic Habitat

pollution sensitive

pollution tolerant

Lentic

over hanging vegetation

land on lake/ pond edges

LWD

along lake shore

>15m depth

organic detritus

hard bottom, boulder or

rubble

Soft bottom

sandy bottom

vegetated bottom algae

emergent vegetation

(waterlilies, sedges,

rushes)

Eat ETP

small ponds

bog ponds

pollution sensitive (silt, oxygen) 0pollution tolerant 0Lentic (standing water) 0overhanging vegetation - leaves 1 0 ? 1land on lake/ pond edges 1 0 ?LWD 1 0 1along lakeshore- littoral 1 0

> 15m depth- to bottom of deep lakes 1 1 0 1 1 1 1organic detritus 1 0hard bottom, boulder or rubble bottoms (3-15cm dia) - scrapers 1 0Soft bottom 1 1 1 0sandy bottom 1 1 0 1vegetated bottom - algae 1 1 0

emergent vegetation (waterlilies, sedges, rushes) vascular hydrophytes 1 0Eat ETP - predators 1 ? 0small ponds 1 ? 0bog ponds 1 1 ? 1 1 1 1 0

Indicator ranking 1 2 14 0 0 0 2 0 6 0 0 0 2 1 0 3 0


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