mammals. unit map set up unit name: mammals unit essential question: what are the different types of...

Mammals

Unit Map Set up

• Unit Name: Mammals• Unit Essential Question: What are

the different types of mammals?

Unit Map Set up

• Concepts: (Fill in after we take our test)

• Daily Essential Questions: (Fill in as we go through the unit)

• Vocabulary: (Fill in before we take our test

Today’s Agenda

• Warm-up• Dog Basic care• Activity• Types of Dogs• Review

Essential Question

• What are the basic requirements for taking care of a dog?

Dogs

• History–Evolved from wolves–Various breeds now

Dogs

–Selective breeding• animals with the best traits kept for breeding

•Ex: size, color, swimming ability, etc.

Dogs

• Feeding depends on age–8-12 weeks old 4 meals a day–3-6 months 3 meals a day–6 mo.-1 yr 2 meals a day–1 yr 1 meal a day

Dogs

• Exercise–Regular exercise

needed in order

to avoid

destructive

behavior.

Dogs

• Grooming–Frequent grooming–Bathed a few times a year

Dogs

• Handling–To carry a small dog, place one hand under dog’s chest, with either your forearm or other hand supporting the hind legs and rump.

Dogs

• Housing–Winter- warm, dry, covered shelter•EX: dog crate or dog bed

–Summer- cool water and shade

Activity

• You have 20 minutes!• Read through the information

on the groups of dogs. • Complete the graphic organizer

with the information.

Dog Types

• Sporting- active and alert. Likeable, well rounded companions. Participate in hunting and other field activities. Need regular exercise

• Ex: Golden Retriever

Dog Types

Dog Types

• Hound- used for hunting. Acute scenting powers to follow a trail. Some have unique baying sound.

• Ex: Beagle, Basset Hound

Dog Types

Ex: Beagle, Basset Hound

Dog Types

• Working- bred to perform jobs such as guarding, pulling sleds, water rescue. Intelligent, quick to learn, strong. MUST be properly trained.

Dog Types

• Ex: Siberian Husky

Dog Types

• Terrier- feisty, energetic dogs, little tolerance for other animals. Ancestors bred to kill vermin.

• Stripping- special grooming

Dog Types

• Ex: Border Terrier

Dog Types

• Toy- tiny, but tough. More popular in city and people with less space.

Dog Types

• Ex: Chihuahua, Pug

Dog Types

• Non-sporting- varied collection• Ex: Poodle, Bull Dog

Dog Types

• Herding- Ability to control movement of other animals.

• Ex: Collie

Dog Types

• MISC- Breeds waiting to be accepted by the AKC Board of Directors.

• Ex: Russell Terrier

Anatomy

• We will use a diagram to discuss the parts of a dog.

Pet Care

• Fill out the organizer with housing, feeding, grooming, and handling information for Dogs.

Exit Question

• What does this picture mean to you? Please write at least 2-3 sentences.

Exit Question

Review

• Word Wall/Concept Map

• Next Class: Cats

Mammals

Today’s Agenda

• Warm- Up• Essential Question• Basic Care of Cats• Breeds of Cats• Activity• Review

Warm- up

• What is this? What does it represent?

Essential Question

• How do you take care of a cat?

Cats

• History–Domesticated after settled

agriculture in Egypt–Purpose- controlling vermin–Priests used them as deification–Middle ages- associated with

satan, witches and warlocks

Basic care of cats

• Grooming–Most stay clean–Brush or comb regularly

Basic care of cats

• Feeding–6-12 weeks- 4 meals a day–3-6 months- 3 meals a day–Adult cat- 1 large meal or 2 or 3 meals a day

Basic care of cats

• Housing–Clean, dry place to sleep and rest

–Try to keep indoors, outdoor cats contract diseases, get ticks, parasites, etc.

Basic care of cats

• Handling–One hand behind front legs and another under hind quarters. Lift gently.

Basic care of cats

• Litter Box–All indoor cats need one–1 box per floor–Scoop solid wastes once a day–Once a week- dump everything,

wash with a mild detergent, and refill

Activity

• Students will use the charts to come up with information on their assigned cat. They are to include: History and Origin, head characteristics, body, tail, how many colors (not what colors), coat, care, temperament, and the environment.

Breeds of Cats

• 41 breeds, only top 10 covered in class

• American shorthair- “alley cat”, robust health, large eyes, and short, broad face. “family cat” affectionate

Breeds of Cats

Breeds of cats

• Oriental- intelligent and curious. Crave human affection. Lots of energy.

Breeds of cats

• Birman- very sweet and even-tempered. Seek out human companionship. Follow you, greet you. Striking blue eyes.

Breeds of cats

Breeds of cats

• Ragdoll- docile and will not fight. Affectionate, easy going cat

Breeds of cats

• Abyssinian- very people oriented. Always wants to be by you. Loyal.

Breeds of cats

• Siamese- quick witted, excellent jumper and climber. Unusual voice sounds like he’s talking to you. Least friendliest.

Breeds of cats

Breeds of cats

• Exotic- friendly. Same as Persian but easier to groom because of shorter hair.

Breeds of cats

Breeds of cats

• Maine Coon- long, thick coat. Temperament of shorthair. Active and excellent rat catchers. Mistaken as racoon.

Breeds of cats

Breeds of cats

• Persian- variety of colors. Thick , luxurious coat, large eyes, short but sturdy-legged body. Quiet and relaxed. Wary around children. Most affectionate.

Breeds of cats

• Based on the information given today, place the breeds of cats in order from 1-10 (1 being most popular, 10 being least popular)

Anatomy

• We will use a diagram to discuss the parts of a cat.

Pet Care

• Fill out the organizer with housing, feeding, grooming, and handling information for Cats.

Review

• Exit Question: What picture does not belong and why?

Review

• Word Wall/Concept Map• Next Class: Hamsters, Guinea

Pigs

Mammals

Today’s Agenda

• Warm-up• Essential Question• Hamsters• Guinea Pigs• Review

Warm- Up

• Tell me what you know about hamsters and guinea pigs.

Essential Question

• How are hamsters and guinea pigs similar to each other?

Hamster History

• Golden Hamster- most often found in pet stores.

• Native to Syria dessert• Discovered in 1930 in

Jerusalem

Hamster Characteristics

• Nocturnal• Cheek pouches to carry

food (hoarders)• Protective of their territory

(may bite)

Hamster Characteristics

• Females usually dominate males

• Solitary animals• Life span of 1-3 years

Hamster Temperature

• Prefer temperature of 70* • Above 80*- estivation

(deep sleep)• Below 50*- hibernation

Hamster cages

• Cages 10 X 16 X 10• Gnaw-proof • Water bottle hung on the outside

of the cage• Clean, fresh bedding (paper

confetti, paper strips, wood chips, wood shavings, etc.)

Hamster feeding

• Commercially prepared pellets• Occasionally carrots, potato

pieces, fresh clover or alfalfa to supplement diet

• Seeds such as–Corn, millet, wheat, oats,

sorghum, and rape seeds

Hamster handling

Hamster diseases and ailments

• Wet Tail- wetness around the tail and rear area, caused by runny diarrhea. Go off their feed, have rough hair coats, become weak. Usually die within 1-2 days. When this occurs, disinfect everything and replace bedding.


• Tyzzer’s Disease- caused by clostridium piliformis. Loss of appetite, dehydration, watery diarrhea, and sudden death.


• Common diarrhea- overabundance of leafy greens, vegetables or fruit

• Fleas and lice- clean cage regularly and flea powder sprinkled in fresh bedding.

Hamster Reproduction

• Separate litter at 5-6 weeks• Sexually mature at 6 weeks• Females in heat every 4 weeks• Produce litter in 16 days• 2-16 young, 6-8 is average

Guinea Pigs

Guinea Pigs History

• Bred for meat in South America for the last 3,000 years

• Still used for food in Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia

Guinea Pigs History

• Since 1800 used for research on pathology, nutrition, genetics, toxicology, and develop of serums

Guinea Pigs History

• Means “little pig” although it is not from Guinea or a pig. Makes similar grunts.

• Makes ideal pets

Guinea Pig Varieties

• Abyssinian- rough, wiry coat. All colors. Hair made of rosettes


• The American- most common. Short, glossy hair and fine in texture. Variety of colors and combinations.


• Peruvian- very long hair (up to 20 in.)

• Satin- satin like fur• Silkie- long hair• Teddy- short, kinky hair• White Crested- short hair, but

crest is rosette

Characteristics of Guinea Pigs

• Adults reach 8-10 inches• Weigh 1-2 pounds• Short, stocky build with short

legs• 4 toes on forefeet and 3 on

hind feet

Characteristics of Guinea Pigs

• Eyes on side of head• Sensitive hearing• Sense of smell highly developed• Live in colonies or clans in wild

–1 dominant male and 5-10 females

Guinea Pig Housing

• Cages- plastic bottom 3-4 in. deep with vertical wire bars

• 12 X 24 in. • Food bowls made of heavy glass • Water bottle

Guinea Pig Feeding

• Vegetarians• Guinea Pig pellets• Supply vitamin C

Guinea Pig Feeding

• Romaine lettuce, green leaf lettuce, kale, carrots, apples, pears, turnips, beets, and cucumbers

• Clover and grass hay• Wheat, corn and oats

Care

• Brushed daily • Mild shampoo • Dried and kept warm after bath• Toenails clipped- stay away

from pink or quick of nail

Handling

• Grasped firmly around front shoulders with one hand and the rear supported by the other hand. Cradle in palm and hold close to body.

Handling

Diseases and Ailments

• Respiratory diseases- usually lethargic and listless, discharges from the nose and sneeze. Treatment immediately or death may occur.


• Swelling on neck- abscessed lymph nodes

• Mites

Reproduction

• Heat cycle- 16 days• Gestation- 56-74 days• Up to 5 litters a year, 2-4 per litter• Young fully developed- eat solid

food within 24 hours, nurse for 3 weeks

Observations

• What where they doing?• Behavior?• Noises made?• Smells?• Any other info necessary.

Pet Care

• Fill out the organizer with housing, feeding, grooming, and handling information for Hamsters and Guinea Pigs

Review

• Exit question: Have you ever owned a hamster or guinea pig? If so, what was the biggest problem? If not, would you ever own one? Why/Why not?

Review

• Word Wall/ Concept Map• Next class: Rabbits

Mammals

Today’s Agenda

• Warm-up• Essential Question• Rabbits• Review

Warm-up

• What foods can be fed to hamsters?

Essential Question

• How do we take care of a rabbit?

History

• Order Lagomorpha• Fossil remains found 30-37

million years ago• Hunted for food, and used to

make clothing

History

• French monks domesticated rabbit

• Introduced to the US at the beginning of the 20th century

Uses

• Meat–High in protein –Low in cholesterol–Low in fat

Uses

• Meat–Low in sodium–Very palatable–White mean, easy to digest

Uses

• Research–Study reproduction–Draize Eye Test (cosmetics and other products)

–Skin irritation tests

Uses

• 554,000 in 1987 – 240,000 in 2006

• Why did this number decline?

Uses

• Fur/Wool–Normal–Rex – soft, plush feel

Uses

• Fur/Wool–Angora- softer, finer, warmer, lighter. No irritation or scratchiness

–Satin- sheen, luster and slick appearance

Uses

• Pets– clean, gently, lovable pets–Easily trained to use litter box

–Small and dwarf sizes most popular

Breeds

• Each student will be given a name of a breed. Using the book/handout you will give a brief description of your rabbit breed. It is your responsibility to take note of the other breeds discussed in class.

Anatomy

• We will use a diagram to discuss the anatomy.

Housing and Equipment

• Hutches- houses used to keep rabbits

• Wire cages for 6-11 pounds• 12 pounds + solid floor• Proper lighting• Absence of drafts

Housing and Equipment

• Temperature- can stand cold temp but not too hot (80+ is uncomfortable)–Place bottle of ice for rabbit to

lie against to prevent heat stroke• Humidity- 60%-need ventilation

Feeding

• Galvanized metal self-feeders

• Pellet type feeds• Timothy hay better

Feeding

• Supplemented foods kept to a minimum–May cause diarrhea–Fruits, vegetables, and green foods

Feeding

• Coprophagy- eating fecal material–Recover nutrients that were unabsorbed during the first pass

Feeding

• May give–Corn, oats, oatmeal, wheat germ, carrots, apple slices, green beans, banana, pineapple, or papaya

Handling

• Walk slowly and speak to rabbit when approaching

• Gently stroke animal from ear to ear

Handling

• One hand under the chest and belly and other hand behind the rabbit

• Remove tail first


• Enteritis- inflammation of the intestinal tract and most common cause of death in rabbits

• Snuffles- persistent sneezing with white discharge caused by bacteria and stress conditions


• Mastitis- inflammation of the mammary tissue. Becomes swollen, hot and dark red or blue.


• Weepy eye- inflammation of the conjunctiva (mucous membrane lining the inner surface of the eyelids and covering the front part of the eye)


• Others- Vent Disease, Rabbit syphillis, ear mites, infectious myxomatosis, papillomatosis, ringwork, fur mites, mange mites, pinworm, wet dewlaps, fur chewing, hutch burn, sore hocks, malocclusion

Reproduction

• Sexually mature at 4-8 months• Females sexually active

depending on the length of day and temperature

• Birth will occur 30-32 days after mating

Babies

• Kindling- birth process in rabbits• Nest box 2 days before expected• Check young every 24 hours• Eyes open at 12-14 days• 3 weeks leave nest box

Pet Care

• Fill out the organizer with housing, feeding, grooming, and handling information for Rabbits.

Review

• Word Wall/ Concept Map

• Exit Question: Why aren’t rabbits bred for meat in the US??

• Next Class: Gerbils, Mice, Chinchillas

Mammals

Today’s Agenda

• Warm-up• Essential Question• Gerbils, mice, and chinchillas• Review

Warm-up

• Which picture is correct?

Essential Question

• How do we take care of gerbils, mice, and chinchillas?

Activity

• Using the Gerbil and Mouse Care Sheets fill in the Pet Care organizer with:–Food–Housing–Care–Handling

Gerbils

• 14 different species• Most common- Mongolian gerbil• Very quiet animals• Life expectancy- 2-4 years• Gestation period- 24-26 days• Litters of 1-10, 3-4 average.

Gerbils

• Seldom affected by disease–Respiratory infections–Nasal dermatitis-hair loss and red swollen areas of the skin.

Gerbils

–Tyzzer’s Disease’–Fleas–Lice–Mites

Mice

• 36 species• Most common- house mouse• Smell is most highly developed

sense• Primarily nocturnal, pets may

come out during the day

Mice

• Prefer company of other mice (colony)

• Free of disease if given proper diet, housing, and exercise.

• Sexually mature at 4 weeks• 21 days gestation• Litters 5-10

Chinchillas

• 1,000 years ago, Incas used for fur

• First chinchilla skins sold on June 21, 1954 at the New York Auction Company.

Chinchillas

• 2 species –C. langier and C. brevicaudata

Chinchillas

• Breeds based on color–The Standard (blue-grey color)–The White–The Beige

Chinchillas

• Breeds based on color–The Black–The Sullivan Violet (clear white

belly and lavender center back strip of a fur pelt.)

Chinchillas

• Reading thru the packet we will fill out the pet care sheet with the following information:–Housing–Feeding–Handling–Care

Review

• Word Wall/Concept Map

• Exit Question: Which animal talked about today would require the least amount of care?

• Next Class: Exam Review

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