MAKING COMPLETE SENTENCES

INDEPENDENT CLAUSES vs. EVERYTHING ELSE

Freshman A EnglishGRAMMAR BOOT CAMP!

INDEPENDENT CLAUSE = INDINDEPENDENT CLAUSE = COMPLETE SENTENCE SUBJECT + PREDICATE = COMPLETE SENTENCE

NOUN + VERB (+ OBJECT+ RECEIVER) = INDEPENDENT

Wheaton North is the best high school. The Falcons have the most spirit. Wheaton is a diverse city. American history has been created by diverse stories.

DEPENDENT CLAUSES, PHRASES, FRAGMENTS, WORDS = DCW

DCW = NOT A COMPLETE SENTENCETYPE #1: DCW starting with one of these words: after,

although, as, before, even though, in order to, since, though, unless, until, whatever, when, whenever,

whether, and while

Examples for TYPE #1: Since I am a teacher = DCW

Because Falcons are so cool = DCW

Even though Wheaton is a suburb of Chicago = DCW

DCW = NOT A COMPLETE SENTENCE

TYPE #2: DCW starting with verbs.

Knowing that I am an avid reader = DCW Enjoying a good book on a sunny day = DCWReading literature about the world = DCW Completed SOAPSToneD for English class = DCW

DEPENDENT CLAUSES, PHRASES, FRAGMENTS, WORDS = DCW

DEPENDENT CLAUSES, PHRASES, FRAGMENTS, WORDS = DCW

DCW = NOT A COMPLETE SENTENCE

TYPE #3: Non-essentials

Our class, the best class ever, won the Falcon spirit award! Wheaton North fans, the loudest fans of them all, stormed the

football field.

Chicago’s baseball fans, the most energetic, stormed U.S. Cellular, formerly known as Comiskey Park.

DEPENDENT CLAUSES, PHRASES, FRAGMENTS, WORDS = DCW

DCW = NOT A COMPLETE SENTENCETYPE #4: DCW that are select transition words:

consequently, clearly, furthermore, in addition, moreover, also, however, on the other hand, nevertheless, on the contrary

Clearly, Wheaton has changed over the last century.Nevertheless, Wheaton still maintains historic elements

from the past.

Practice #1: IND or DCW? (1) Wheaton North has a reputation for having great

students. (2) Because we all have identities (3) While we research world religions(4) We are learning advanced reading and writing skills. (5) Chicago has a long history of social inequality. (6) Knowing my homework is good for me. (7) Nevertheless(8) The loudest fans ever

Practice #1: IND or DCW?

1) IND2) DCW3) DCW4) IND5) IND6) DCW7) DCW8) DCW

GOLDEN RULES: SEPARATE IND vs DCW(1) IND, FANBOYS (coordinating conjunctions) INDCoordinating conjunctions: FANBOYS (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so)Wheaton North rules, and WWS are ok too.We are studying about different cultural practices, and we are learning

how to be good readers and writers. Your Example: _____________________________________

(2) IND, DCW I went to a WWS game, knowing I am a Wheaton North fan.I cheered on the WWS team, even though I am a Wheaton North fan.

WWS was playing a Naperville team. Your Example: ______________________________________

GOLDEN RULES: SEPARATE IND vs DCW

(3) IND1, DCW, IND1Chicago, the Windy City, is a fantastic city.Your Example: ___________________________ (4) DCW, INDEven though I have limited understanding of sports, I

still enjoy the fan culture.Your Example: ___________________________

GOLDEN RULES: SEPARATE IND vs DCW

Type #5: IND1 FANBOYS (coordinating conjunctions) DCWWheaton North students are ready to learn and become

future leaders. Your Example: ___________________________

Practice #2: Fix These!Make each a complete sentence. Be creative!

(1) The best city. (2) Because we all have identities (3) While we research world religions(4) reading and writing skills. (5) the effects of social inequality. (6) Knowing my homework is good for me. (7) However(8) The loudest fans ever

Practice #2: Fix These!

1) Trade with a partner. 2) Partners: For each sentence, underline IND

and circle DCW3) Put a ? mark for sentences that do not follow

the GOLDEN RULE!4) Return to your partner.

Grammar Boot CampPart Two

Semi-colons, colons, and other commas

THE SEMI-COLONRule #1: IND1;IND2. Montag struggles to challenge his dystopic society;

this is an example of his attempt to break the cycle .

Rule #2: IND; DCW,IND.

We have been working hard; however, we still have much to learn.

GOLDEN RULE: SEPARATE IND vs DCW

NEW IND

Directions: First, underline all the IND and circle all the DCW, if there are any. Some of these sentences need semi-colons. Add semi-colons as necessary. For sentences with no mistakes, write NO CHANGE.

1) We learned how to use MLA format however, we could still use

some practice. 2) Montag’s attempts to break the cycle of his society he knows

there will be grave consequences. 3) We will be writing perfect paragraphs; our claims will focus on

how characters break the cycle. 4) Katniss in The Hunger Games is the protagonist; Aibeleen is the

protagonist of The Help.

Practice #3: Semi-Colons

1) We learned how to use MLA format; however, we could

still use some practice.

2) Montag’s attempts to break the cycle of his society; he knows there will be grave consequences.

3) We will be writing perfect paragraphs; our claims will focus on how characters break the cycle.

4) Katniss in The Hunger Games is the protagonist; Aibeleen is the protagonist of The Help.

Practice #3: Semi-Colons

COLONIND: DCW

Rule #1: Use a colon before a DCW that is a list. – A colon is needed before these phrases: these are, there are, the

following, as follows, such as , these things. – Ex: We are annotating for the following: essential questions,

imagery-evoking syntax, and long versus short sentences.

Rule #2: Use a colon before a DCW that is an explanation of the IND.

- Ex: There is one golden rule: separate IND and DCW. - Ex: Mildred has one interest: the characters on her TV shows.

GOLDEN RULE: SEPARATE IND vs DCW

GOLDEN RULE: SEPARATE IND vs DCWCOLON

Rule #3: (Exception to IND:DCW) Use a colon before a

long, formal quotation

The narrator described Montag’s fire hose as he incinerates a house full of books: “With the brass nozzle in his fists, with this great python spitting its venomous kerosene upon the world, the blood pounded in his head, and his hands were the hands of some amazing conductor playing all the symphonies of blazing and burning to bring down the tatters and charcoal ruins of history” (Montag 1).

Practice #4: Colons Directions: First, underline all the IND and circle all the DCW, if there are

any. Some of these sentences need colons. Add colons as necessary. For sentences with no mistakes, write NO CHANGE.

1) Karen Armstrong described her definition of religions “A call to change human behavior” (Armstrong).

2) I recall one of the most controversial issues in human civilization: religion.

3) We have learned the following annotating for SOAPSToneD, writing with MLA format, and grammar.

4) I am going to one of my favorite places in the city The Art Institute Museum.

5) I plan on reading the following Fahrenheit 451, MacBeth, and other classics.

Directions: First, underline all the IND and circle all the DCW, if there are any. Some of these sentences need colons. Add colons as necessary. For sentences with no mistakes, write NO CHANGE.

1) Karen Armstrong described her definition of religions: “A call to

change human behavior” (Armstrong). 2) I recall one of the most controversial issues in human

civilization: religion.NO CHANGE 1) We have learned the following: annotating for SOAPSToneD,

writing with MLA format, and grammar. 2) I am going to one of my favorite places in the city: The Art

Institute Museum.3) I plan on reading the following: Fahrenheit 451, MacBeth, and

other classics.

Practice #4: Colons

GOLDEN RULE: SEPARATE IND vs DCWOTHER COMMA USAGE

Rule #1: Use a comma after every item in a series except the last. The items in a series may be single words, or phrases, or clauses.

Ex: We have read about the following: different world religious structures, different cultural practices, and different belief systems.

Rule #2:When two or more adjectives come before a noun, use a comma after each adjective except the last one.

Ex: We might describe our own homes as comfortable, valuable places.

Practice #5: Other Comma Usage

Rule #1:Use a comma after every item in a series except the last. The items in a series may be single words, or phrases, or clauses.

Your Example: ___________________________

Rule #2:When two or more adjectives come before a noun, use a comma after each adjective except the last one.

Your Example:___________________________

Grammar Bootcamp: Getting Grammar Fit!

Daily Exercise: Keep a running log of these daily exercises in your binder.

We will be doing “sets” of these exercises every week!

We work out!

Without really knowing the content of the books the firemen burnt the house down.

A)NO CHANGE B)books with

the firemenC)books, the

firemenD)booking the

firemen

Directions: Select the most correct choice for the underlined portion. Then, rewrite the following

sentence using the correct answer.

Montag knew Beatty could kill Faber Montag chose to burn his problem.

A)NO CHANGE

B) Faber, Montag

C) Faber; Montag

D) Faber, Montag,

Directions: Select the most correct choice for the underlined portion. Then, rewrite the following

sentence using the correct answer.

Directions: Select the most correct choice for the underlined portion. Then, rewrite the following

sentence using the correct answer.

Beatty may have been a father figure to Montag before Montag chose to break the cycle however Faber is now a father figure for Montag, the rebel and fugitive.

A) NO CHANGEB) the cycle however

FaberC) the cycle; however

FaberD) the cycle; however,

FaberE) the cycle, however,

Faber

Beatty, Montag’s fire captain is ironically well-read, even though he preaches that reading is dangerous and useless.

A) NO CHANGEB) Beatty, Montag’s

fire, captain was C) Beatty Montag’s

fire captain, isD) Beatty, Montag’s

fire captain, is

Directions: Select the most correct choice for the underlined portion. Then, rewrite the following

sentence using the correct answer.

Our class has been doing a great job participating in Socratic Seminars a method of discussion that Aristotle once used in ancient Greece!

A) NO CHANGEB) Socratic

Seminars, way of, C) Socratic Seminars

a method, ofD) Socratic Seminar,

a method of

Directions: Select the most correct choice for the underlined portion. Then, rewrite the following

sentence using the correct answer.

USING APOSTROPHES

GRAMMAR BOOTCAMP!

DIAGNOSTIC: Make corrections for each of the following: 1) INCORRECT: Is this anybodys book? CORRECT: ______________

2) INCORRECT: Who's dog is this?CORRECT: ______________

3) INCORRECT: The group made it's decision.CORRECT: ______________

4) INCORRECT: The geeses’ honks are loud. CORRECT: ______________

DIAGNOSTIC: Make corrections for each of the following:

CORRECT: Is this anybody's book?

CORRECT: Whose dog is this?

CORRECT: The group made its decision.

CORRECT: The geese’s honks are loud.

POSSESSIVE NOUNS: USE APOSTROPHES

• Apostrophe Rule #1: add 's to the singular form of the word (even if it ends in -s):

The zoo’s animals are wild. • Apostrophe Rule #2: add 's to the plural forms that do not end in -s: The geese’s honking is loud. • Apostrophe Rule #3: add ' to the end of plural nouns that end in -s: Three friends’ letters arrived in the mail. • Apostrophe Rule #4: add 's to the last noun to show joint possession

of an object: Mrs. Delacruz and Ms. Guzdziol’s room is pretty.

PRACTICE: MAKE YOUR OWN• Apostrophe Rule #1: add 's to the singular form of the word (even if it ends in -s):

________________________________________________________

• Apostrophe Rule #2: add 's to the plural forms that do not end in -s:

________________________________________________________

• Apostrophe Rule #3: add ' to the end of plural nouns that end in -s:

________________________________________________________

• Apostrophe Rule #4: add 's to the last noun to show joint possession of an object: ________________________________________________________

Grammar Boot Camp: Part Three

Common Errors in VERB TENSES

Prepositions & Idioms

Tricky Verbs Infinitive Simple Past Past Participle Arise Arose ArisenBegin Began BegunChoose Chose ChosenDwell Dwelt/Dwelled Dwelt/DwelledFlee Fled FledFling Flung FlungKnow Knew KnownLay Laid LaidLead Led LedLie (to recline) Lay LainLie (tell fibs) Lied Lied Ride Rode RiddenRingRang RungRise Rose RisenSee Saw SeenShrink Shrank ShrunkSink Sank SunkStrive Strove/strived Striven/strivedSwear Swore SwornTake Took TakenWrite Wrote Written

Prepositions & Idiomatic Usage • He can’t abide _____ the no-spitting rule.• It’s terrible to discriminate against parakeets.• She accused me of stealing.• I have a plan to escape from this prison.• I agreed to eat the broccoli.• There’s no excuse for your behavior.• I apologized _______ losing the hamsters.• You can’t hide _______ your past.• She applied for a credit card.• It was all he’d hoped _______.• She pretends to approve of my boyfriend.• I must insist __________ it.• She argued with the bouncer.• It’s impossible to object _______ her arguments.• I arrived at work ________ noon.• I refuse to participate _____ this discussion.• You believe in ghosts.• Pray for me.

Prepositions & Idiomatic Usage • He can’t abide by the no-spitting rule.• It’s terrible to discriminate against parakeets.• She accused me of stealing.• I have a plan to escape from this prison.• I agreed to eat the broccoli.• There’s no excuse for your behavior.• I apologized for losing the hamsters.• You can’t hide from your past.• She applied for a credit card.• It was all he’d hoped for.• She pretends to approve of my boyfriend.• I must insist upon it.• She argued with the bouncer.• It’s impossible to object to her arguments.• I arrived at work at noon.• I refuse to participate in this discussion.• You believe in ghosts.• Pray for me.

Prepositions & Idiomatic Usage• I can’t be blamed ______ your neuroses.• Protect me from evil.• Do you care about me?• Provide me with plenty ____ Skittles.• He’s in charge of grocery shopping.• She stayed home to recover _______ the flu.• Nothing compares to you.• I rely on myself.• What is there to complain ________?• She stared ________ his chest.• He can always count on money __________ his mommy.• He subscribes to several trashy magazines.• Ice cream consists of milk, fat, and sugar.• I succeeded __________ fooling him.• I depend on no one.• Wait for me!• That’s where cats differ ________ dogs.Work with me, people!

Prepositions & Idiomatic Usage• I can’t be blamed for your neuroses.• Protect me from evil.• Do you care about me?• Provide me with plenty of Skittles.• He’s in charge of grocery shopping.• She stayed home to recover from the flu.• Nothing compares to you.• I rely on myself.• What is there to complain about?• She stared at his chest.• He can always count on money from his mommy.• He subscribes to several trashy magazines.• Ice cream consists of milk, fat, and sugar.• I succeeded in fooling him.• I depend on no one.• Wait for me!• That’s where cats differ from dogs. Work with me, people!