major endocrine glands - abdominopelvic. endocrine glands

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Major Endocrine Glands - Abdominopelvic

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Page 1: Major Endocrine Glands - Abdominopelvic. Endocrine Glands

Major Endocrine Glands - Abdominopelvic

Page 2: Major Endocrine Glands - Abdominopelvic. Endocrine Glands

Endocrine Glands

Page 3: Major Endocrine Glands - Abdominopelvic. Endocrine Glands

Major Glands in the Abdomen/Pelvis

Organ Synthesize Release Target Disorder(s) (to target)

Page 4: Major Endocrine Glands - Abdominopelvic. Endocrine Glands
Page 5: Major Endocrine Glands - Abdominopelvic. Endocrine Glands

Adrenal GlandsThese organs are found

on top (superior to) each kidney.

The adrenal glands have two sections:

(1) Cortex – outside(2) Medulla - inside

Page 6: Major Endocrine Glands - Abdominopelvic. Endocrine Glands

The Adrenal Medulla

This inner portion of the gland contains modified neurons and secretes two

hormones with short term effects:

(1)Norepinepherine (noradrenaline)

(2)Epinepherine (adrenaline)

Page 7: Major Endocrine Glands - Abdominopelvic. Endocrine Glands

The Adrenal Medulla

Norepinepherine and epinepherine are classified as catecholamines.

It responses to stress by increasing HR, BP, blood flow (to heart & skeletal muscles), and

respiration rate. (sympathetic/fight responses)

They decrease digestive actions.

Page 8: Major Endocrine Glands - Abdominopelvic. Endocrine Glands
Page 9: Major Endocrine Glands - Abdominopelvic. Endocrine Glands

The Adrenal Cortex

This outer portion of the gland is

stimulated ACTH from the anterior

pituitary.

The results are long-lasting.

Page 10: Major Endocrine Glands - Abdominopelvic. Endocrine Glands

The Adrenal Cortex

The cortex secretes three types of hormones:

(1) Gonadocorticoids•Androgens•Estrogens

Secreted until puberty

Page 11: Major Endocrine Glands - Abdominopelvic. Endocrine Glands

The Adrenal Cortex

(2) Glucocorticoids

Cortisol – which regulates glucose metabolism and the immune system:

Promotes protein breakdown in muscle, amino acid uptake in liver (leads to

glucogenesis), and suppresses inflammation

Page 12: Major Endocrine Glands - Abdominopelvic. Endocrine Glands

The Adrenal Cortex

(3) Mineralcorticoids

Aldosterone : which regulates minerals - especially sodium and potassium

Influences kidney tubules in nephrons to conserve sodium ions (which promotes

water retention) and excretes potassium.

Page 13: Major Endocrine Glands - Abdominopelvic. Endocrine Glands

The Adrenal Cortex

Aldosterone is regulated by electrolyte conservation in body fluids and the renin

angiotension mechanism (RAM).

Page 14: Major Endocrine Glands - Abdominopelvic. Endocrine Glands

Adrenal Cortex DisordersHypersecretion:

EX - Cushing’s disease.

Ant. Pit. secretes excess ACTH and consequently the cortex secretes excess cortisol.

“Moon” faceAcne/skin infections

Buffalo hump (fat between shoulders)Fatigue

Page 15: Major Endocrine Glands - Abdominopelvic. Endocrine Glands

Adrenal Cortex Disorders

Page 16: Major Endocrine Glands - Abdominopelvic. Endocrine Glands

Adrenal Cortex DisordersHyposecretion:

EX: Addison’s Disease

Immune system does not allow cortex to secrete sufficient hormones.

Consequently, Na, K, and glucose levels are decreased.

BP decreasesSkin pigmentation increases (tanned

appearance)No treatment = death in a short time

Page 17: Major Endocrine Glands - Abdominopelvic. Endocrine Glands