magnuson-stevens act

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16 U.S.C. §§ 1801 et seq.16 U.S.C. §§ 1801 et seq.

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Background and History

• 1976 Fishery Conservation and Management Act (FCMA)– Established Fishery Conservation Zone (FCZ)/EEZ– Established Councils, management structure, national

standards. required provisions, discretionary provisions

• 1996 Sustainable Fisheries Act (SFA) – Increased focus on sustainability/rebuilding/accountability;

Sec. 304 (e)– EFH

• 2006 Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Reauthorization Act (MSRA)– Annual Catch Limits (ACLS) and Accountability Measures (AMS)– Limited Access Privilege Program (LAPP)– Increase in role of Science

1976 Initial Version-Facts & Figures

• 34 pages

• 25 Definitions

• 7 National Standards

• 5 Required Provisions

• 7 Discretionary Provisions

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1976 Version-National Standards

(1) (1) End overfishing; achieve OYEnd overfishing; achieve OY

(2) Use best available scientific info(2) Use best available scientific info

(3) Manage stocks as a unit (3) Manage stocks as a unit

(4) Allocate fairly and equitably(4) Allocate fairly and equitably

(5) Promote efficiency in utilization (5) Promote efficiency in utilization

(6) Consider variations and (6) Consider variations and contingencies contingencies

(7)(7) Minimize costs and avoid duplication Minimize costs and avoid duplication

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1976 Version-Required Provisions

(1)(1) Prevent overfishing; rebuild; Prevent overfishing; rebuild; protect, restore, promote long-term protect, restore, promote long-term health and stability health and stability

(2)(2) Describe fisheryDescribe fishery

(3) (3) Specify MSY and OYSpecify MSY and OY

(4)(4) Specify capacity and domestic Specify capacity and domestic harvest and processing of OYharvest and processing of OY

(5)(5) Specify the data to be submittedSpecify the data to be submitted5

1976 Version-Discretionary Provisions

((1) Require permits and fees1) Require permits and fees

(2) Designate zones and times where fishing (2) Designate zones and times where fishing restrictions apply (area-based)restrictions apply (area-based)

(3) Establish restrictions on catch, sale, and (3) Establish restrictions on catch, sale, and transshipment,transshipment,

(4) Include gear requirements(4) Include gear requirements

(5) Incorporate State measures(5) Incorporate State measures

(6)(6) Establish a limited access systemEstablish a limited access system

(7)(7) Prescribe other measures, requirements, or Prescribe other measures, requirements, or conditions and restrictions necessary and conditions and restrictions necessary and appropriate for the conservation and management of appropriate for the conservation and management of the fisherythe fishery

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1990 Version-Facts & Figures

• New Name –Magnuson FCMA

• 64 Pages

• 32 Definitions

• Still 7 National Standards



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1990 Version-Required Provisions(1) Prevent overfishing; rebuild; protect, restore, (1) Prevent overfishing; rebuild; protect, restore,

promote long-term health and stability promote long-term health and stability

(2) Describe fishery(2) Describe fishery

(3) Specify MSY and OY(3) Specify MSY and OY

(4) Specify capacity and domestic harvest and (4) Specify capacity and domestic harvest and processing of OYprocessing of OY

(5) Specify the data to be submitted(5) Specify the data to be submitted

(6) Provide for temporary adjustments to address (6) Provide for temporary adjustments to address unsafe ocean conditionsunsafe ocean conditions

(7) Identify information about EFH(7) Identify information about EFH

(8) Specify the scientific data needed to implement the (8) Specify the scientific data needed to implement the planplan

(9) Include fishery impact statement(9) Include fishery impact statement 8


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(1)(1) Require permits and feesRequire permits and fees

(2)(2) Designate zones and times where fishing restrictions apply Designate zones and times where fishing restrictions apply (area-based)(area-based)

(3)(3) Establish restrictions on catch, sale, and transshipment,Establish restrictions on catch, sale, and transshipment,

(4)(4) Include gear requirementsInclude gear requirements

(5)(5) Incorporate State measuresIncorporate State measures


(7)(7) Require processors to submit dataRequire processors to submit data

(8)(8) Require observer coverageRequire observer coverage

(9)(9) Assess and specify the effect of the FMP on anadramous fishAssess and specify the effect of the FMP on anadramous fish

(10)Prescribe other measures, requirements, or conditions and (10)Prescribe other measures, requirements, or conditions and restrictions necessary and appropriate for the conservation restrictions necessary and appropriate for the conservation and management of the fisheryand management of the fishery

1996 VersionSustainable Fisheries Act-F &

F• Another Name:Magnuson-Stevens FCMA• 121 Pages• 45 Definitions• 10 National Standards• 14 Required Provisions• 12 Discretionary Provisions• Section 304 (e)-Rebuilding/Accountability

Requirements• Essential Fish Habitat

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1996 Version--National Standards

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(1)(1) End Overfishing; achieve OY End Overfishing; achieve OY

(2) Use best available scientific info(2) Use best available scientific info

(3) Manage stocks as a unit (3) Manage stocks as a unit

(4) Allocate fairly and equitably(4) Allocate fairly and equitably

(5) (5) Consider Consider efficiency in utilization efficiency in utilization

(6) Consider variations and contingencies (6) Consider variations and contingencies

(7)(7) Minimize costs and avoid duplication Minimize costs and avoid duplication

(8)(8) Consider fishing communities & economic impacts Consider fishing communities & economic impacts

(9) Minimize Bycatch (9) Minimize Bycatch

(10) Promote safety at sea(10) Promote safety at sea

1996 Version-Required Provisions

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(1)(1) Prevent overfishing; rebuild; protect, restore, promote long-term Prevent overfishing; rebuild; protect, restore, promote long-term health and stability health and stability


(3)(3) Specify MSY and OYSpecify MSY and OY

(4)(4) Specify capacity and domestic harvest and processing of OYSpecify capacity and domestic harvest and processing of OY

(5)(5) Specify the data to be submittedSpecify the data to be submitted

(6)(6) Include temporary adjustments to address unsafe ocean conditionsInclude temporary adjustments to address unsafe ocean conditions

(7)(7) Essential fish habitat: identify, minimize impacts from fishing.Essential fish habitat: identify, minimize impacts from fishing.

(8)(8) Specify the scientific data needed to implement the planSpecify the scientific data needed to implement the plan

(9)(9) Include fishery impact statementInclude fishery impact statement

(10) Overfished/overfishing definitions:objective and measurable criteria(10) Overfished/overfishing definitions:objective and measurable criteria

(11) Bycatch: reporting methodology and measures to minimize (11) Bycatch: reporting methodology and measures to minimize

(12) Assess number, types, and mortality of fish caught and released (12) Assess number, types, and mortality of fish caught and released recreationally; minimize mortality and ensure the extended survivalrecreationally; minimize mortality and ensure the extended survival

(13 )Describe sectors (commercial, recreational, and charter); quantify (13 )Describe sectors (commercial, recreational, and charter); quantify landings trends by sectorlandings trends by sector

(14) Allocate restrictions and benefits fairly and equitably among sectors.(14) Allocate restrictions and benefits fairly and equitably among sectors.


((1)1) Require permits and feesRequire permits and fees

(2)(2) Designate zones and times where fishing restrictions apply (area-Designate zones and times where fishing restrictions apply (area-based)based)








(10) Include harvest incentives for reduced bycatch(10) Include harvest incentives for reduced bycatch

(11) Reserve a portion of the allowable biological catch for use in (11) Reserve a portion of the allowable biological catch for use in researchresearch

(12) Prescribe other measures, requirements, or conditions and (12) Prescribe other measures, requirements, or conditions and restrictions necessary and appropriate for the conservation and restrictions necessary and appropriate for the conservation and management of the fisherymanagement of the fishery 13

2006 Version-Reauthorization Act

Facts & Figures• 170 Pages

• 50 Definitions

• 10 National Standards



• Limited Access Privilege Program (Sec. 303A)

• Increased Role of SSC

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2006 Version-Required Provisions(1)(1) Prevent overfishing; rebuild; protect, restore, promote long-term health and Prevent overfishing; rebuild; protect, restore, promote long-term health and

stability stability


(3) (3) Specify MSY and OYSpecify MSY and OY

(4)(4) Specify capacity and domestic harvest and processing of OYSpecify capacity and domestic harvest and processing of OY

(5)(5) Specify the data to be submittedSpecify the data to be submitted

(6)(6) Use Temporary adjustments to address unsafe ocean conditionsUse Temporary adjustments to address unsafe ocean conditions

(7)(7) Essential fish habitat: identify, minimize impacts from fishing.Essential fish habitat: identify, minimize impacts from fishing.

(8)(8) Specify the scientific data needed to implement the planSpecify the scientific data needed to implement the plan

(9)(9) Fishery impact statementFishery impact statement

(10) Overfished/overfishing definitions: objective and measurable criteria(10) Overfished/overfishing definitions: objective and measurable criteria

(11) Bycatch: reporting methodology and measures to minimize (11) Bycatch: reporting methodology and measures to minimize

(12) Number, types, and mortality of fish caught and released recreationally; (12) Number, types, and mortality of fish caught and released recreationally; minimize mortality and ensure the extended survivalminimize mortality and ensure the extended survival

(13 )Describe sectors (commercial, recreational, and charter); quantify landings (13 )Describe sectors (commercial, recreational, and charter); quantify landings trends by sectortrends by sector

(14) Allocate restrictions and benefits fairly and equitably among sectors.(14) Allocate restrictions and benefits fairly and equitably among sectors.

(15)Establish Annual Catch Limits (ACLs) and Accountability Measures (AMs)(15)Establish Annual Catch Limits (ACLs) and Accountability Measures (AMs) 15


((1)1) Require permits and feesRequire permits and fees

(2)(2) Designate zones and times where fishing restrictions apply (area-based)Designate zones and times where fishing restrictions apply (area-based)








(10) Include harvest incentives for reduced bycatch(10) Include harvest incentives for reduced bycatch

(11) Reserve a portion of the allowable biological catch for use in research(11) Reserve a portion of the allowable biological catch for use in research

((12) Conserve target and non-target species and habitat considering ecology12) Conserve target and non-target species and habitat considering ecology

(14)[sic] Prescribe other measures, requirements, or conditions and restrictions (14)[sic] Prescribe other measures, requirements, or conditions and restrictions necessary and appropriate for the conservation and management of the fisherynecessary and appropriate for the conservation and management of the fishery

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Regulatory Response

• 1990 – All U.S. Fishery Regs:472 Pages– NE Multispecies-15 Pages

• 2004-All U.S. Fishery Regs:1012 Pages– NE Multispecies: 63 Pages

• 2008-All U.S. Fishery Regs: 1487 Pages– NE Multispecies: 85 Pages (Pre A16)

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Management Tensions• Ending Overfishing and Rebuilding (NS

1,RP1, 304(e) vs.

• OY—National, Local (Def., NS 1, RP1,304(e))

• Fairness and Equity (NS 4)

• Economic Impacts (NS 5,6,7,8, RP 1,9,14)

• Efficiency(Def.,OY,NS 5,7)

• Safety at Sea(NS 10, RP 6)

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Management Tensions Cont’d

• Bycatch vs. Management measures

• EFH vs. Management Measures• Single Species vs. Mixed Species• Long-Term vs. Short-Term Benefits• One Fishery vs. Another Fishery• Commercial vs. Recreational• One Gear vs. Another Gear• International vs. Domestic• State vs. Federal• Aquaculture vs. Wild Fishing

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Procedural Tensions

• Amendment vs. Framework

• Emergency/Interim Rule vs. Council Action

• Secretarial Amendment vs. Council Amendment

• Approval vs. Disapproval/Partial Approval

• Proposed Rule vs. Interim Final Rule

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Other Applicable Law Tensions• U.S. Constitution, Amendment 5

• National Environmental Policy Act

• Administrative Procedure Act

• Marine Mammal Protection Act

• Endangered Species Act

• Regulatory Flexibility Act

• Coastal Zone Management Act

• Information Quality Act

• National Marine Sanctuaries Act

• Executive Orders 21

Council Make-up Tensions• Commercial Fishermen

• Recreational Fishermen

• Shoreside Interests/Processors/Dealers

• Environmentalists

• Native Americans

• State Managers

• Academics

• Federal Manager

• Change-over every 3-9 years22

magnuson-stevens act

Documents

fishing restrictions

restrictions necessary

versionfacts figuresnew

national standards9

management structure

scientific data

provisions1prevent overfishing

fishery impact statement