magneto-optic

• Magneto-Optic

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Ultra Density Optical - Magneto-optical comparison

1 The table below summarizes the differences between conventional

Magneto-Optical specifications and those of the enhanced


Magneto-optic Kerr effect

1 In physics the 'magneto-optic Kerr effect' (MOKE) or the surface

magneto-optic Kerr effect (SMOKE) is one of the magneto-optic effects. It

describes the changes to light reflected from a magnetized surface.

It is used in materials science research in devices such as the Kerr

microscope, to investigate the magnetization structure of materials.


Magnetic storage - Magneto-optical recording

1 Magneto-optical recording writes/reads optically. When writing, the magnetic medium is heated

locally by a laser, which induces a rapid decrease of coercive field. Then, a small magnetic field can be used to switch the

magnetization. The reading process is based on magneto-optical Kerr effect. The magnetic

medium are typically amorphous R-FeCo thin film (R being a rare earth element). Magneto-

optical recording is not very popular. One famous example is MiniDisc|Minidisc developed

by Sony.


Magneto-optic effect

1 The results of reflection from a magneto-optic material are known as the magneto-optic Kerr effect (not to

be confused with the nonlinear optics|nonlinear Kerr effect).


Magneto-optic effect

1 In general, magneto-optic effects break time reversal symmetry locally (i.e.

when only the propagation of light, and not the source of the magnetic field, is

considered) as well as Lorentz reciprocity, which is a necessary

condition to construct devices such as Faraday isolator|optical isolators

(through which light passes in one direction but not the other).


Magneto-optic effect - Gyrotropic permittivity

1 In particular, in a magneto-optic material the presence of a magnetic

field (either externally applied or because the material itself is

ferromagnetism|ferromagnetic) can cause a change in the permittivity

tensor ε of the material


Magneto-optic effect - Gyrotropic permittivity

1 where \chi^ \! is the magneto-optical susceptibility (a scalar (physics)|scalar in

isotropic media, but more generally a tensor). If this susceptibility itself

depends upon the electric field, one can obtain a nonlinear optics|nonlinear optical

effect of magneto-optical parametric generation (somewhat analogous to a

Pockels effect whose strength is controlled by the applied magnetic field).


Magneto-optical drive

1 A 'magneto-optical drive' is a kind of optical disc drive capable of writing

and rewriting data upon a 'magneto-optical disc'


Magneto-optical drive - Technical aspects

1 During reading, a laser projects a beam on the disk and, according to the magnetic state of the surface,

the reflected light varies due to the Magneto-optic Kerr effect



1 By default, Magneto-optical drives verify information after writing it to the disc, and

are able to immediately report any problems to the operating system. This means writing

can actually take three times longer than reading, but it makes the media extremely reliable, unlike the CD-R or DVD-R media upon which data is written without any

concurrent data integrity checking. Using a magneto-optical disc is much more like using

a diskette drive than a CD-RW drive.



1 Progress in magneto-optical technology received a boost in the spring of 1997 with the launch of

Plasmon’s DW260 drive. This used LIMDOW technology|Light Intensity

Modulated Direct OverWrite technology to achieve an increased level of performance over previous

magneto-optical drives.


Magneto-optical drive - Vendors

1 Sony MiniDiscs are magneto-optical, and Sony produces many other formats of magneto-

optical media.



1 A current model is the T7-9100 drive, which has a maximum capacity of 9.1GB and is downward read and

write compatible with 5.2GB, 4.8GB, 4.1GB, 2.6GB, and 2.3GB magneto-optical disks, and read compatible

with 1.3GB, 1.2GB, 650MB, and 600MB magneto-optical disks



1 Fujitsu was a major manufacturer of 90mm magneto-optical drives,

exceeding 2 GB in capacity, but they have discontinued production and

sale of this product category.



1 PDO Konica Minolta was the last manufacturer of 90mm 3.5 magneto-optical drives. They had a 3.5 1.3GB USB external pocket drive available

for sale in the United States and Europe. Sources for this drive are, in

the United States [http://www.maxoptix.com/3-5-mo-

drives maxoptix.com].


Magneto-optical drive - Floptical drives

1 Magneto-optical drives should not be confused with Floptical drives, which likewise combine ferromagnetic and

optical technologies, albeit in a different manner


Magneto-optical drive - Recent progress

1 As with all removable storage media, the advent of cheap CD/DVD drives and flash memory has made them

largely redundant. Magneto-optical disks in particular were expensive

when new, and while highly reliable, the slow writing time also was a

detriment.


Magneto-optical trap

1 A 'magneto-optical trap' (abbreviated 'MOT') is an apparatus

that uses laser cooling with magneto-optical trapping in order to produce samples of cold, trapped, neutral atoms at temperatures as low as several microkelvins, two or

three times the recoil limit (see Doppler cooling limit).


Magneto-optical trap - Atomic structure necessary for magneto-optical trapping

1 The magneto-optical trapping of rubidium 85, for example, involves cycling on the closed 5S1/2 F=3 →

5P3/2 F=4 transition


Magneto-optical trap - Laser

1 All magneto-optical traps require at least one trapping laser plus any necessary repumper lasers (see

above)


Magneto-optical trap - Laser

1 By employing a 2-dimensional diffraction grating it is possible to

generate the configuration of laser beams required for a magneto-

optical trap from a single laser beam and thus have a very compact

magneto-optical trap.Nshii et al.


Magneto-optical trap - Vacuum chamber

1 However, the trapping potential in a magneto-optical trap is small in

comparison to thermal energies of atoms and most collisions between trapped atoms and the background gas supply enough energy to the trapped atom to kick it out of the

trap


Magneto-optical trap - The limits to the magneto-optical trap

1 The minimum temperature and maximum density of a cloud in a magneto-optical trap is limited by

the spontaneously emitted photon in cooling each cycle


Magneto-optical trap - Application

1 A magneto-optical trap is usually the first step to achieving Bose–Einstein condensation. Atoms are cooled in a MOT down to a few times the recoil limit, and then evaporative cooling|evaporatively cooled which lowers the temperature and increases the density to the required phase space

density.


Magneto-optical - Technical aspects

1 Progress in magneto-optical technology received a boost in the spring of 1997 with the launch of

Plasmon's DW260 drive. This used LIMDOW technology|Light Intensity

Modulated Direct OverWrite technology to achieve an increased level of performance over previous

magneto-optical drives.


Magneto-optical - Vendors

1 From to , Nintendo sold the Nintendo 64 video game console's 64DD

peripheral to Japan, based mainly upon a 64MB magneto-optical drive, with various types of read-only and

read/write media.



1 A current model is the T7-9100 drive, which has a maximum capacity of 9.1GB and is downward read and

write compatible with 5.2GB, 4.8GB, 4.1GB, 2.6GB, and 2.3GB magneto-optical disks, and read compatible

with 1.3GB, 1.2GB, 650MB, and 600MB magneto-optical disks



1 Fujitsu was a major manufacturer of 90mm magneto-optical drives,

exceeding 2GB in capacity, but they have discontinued production and

sale of this product category.


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