macrom olecules. macromolecular structure monomer monomer single molecule used as building block ...
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Macromolecular Structure Monomer
Single molecule used as building block Assembles polymers via dehydration
(condensation)
C O H
H
H
H C O H
H
H
H
Dehydration
1. H and OH are removed
2. Monomers bond
Macromolecular Structure Polymer
Breaks down into smaller polymers or monomers via hydrolysis
C
O H
H
H
H C O H
H
H
H
Hydrolysis
1. Molecules separate
2. Water lyses and occupies open bonds
Monosaccharides
Carbohydrate monomers (CH2O)n
Polysaccharides Monosaccharide condensation via glycosidic linkage
Identity depends on… Monomers and glycosidic linkage angle (3-D shape)
Polysaccharides
Polysaccharides
Starch Glycogen Cellulose Chitin
Fatty Acids
Saturated Maximum H’s No C=C bonds
Unsaturated Less than maximum H’s C=C bonds
Triglycerides (triacylgycerols) Glycerol + 3 Fatty acids
CarboxylHydroxyl
Triglycerides (and variants)
(triacylgycerols)
Cell membranes Oils used in plant seeds Adipose tissue
Steroids Four fused carbon rings Hormones, venoms
Functions
R
Primary Structure Amino acid sequence
20 different kinds Groups
Amino Carboxyl Radical C C
O
O HH
HN
H
Varies
Amino Acids
Primary Structure Polypeptide
Chain of amino acids
C CO
O HH
HN
HC C
O
O HH
HN
H
R
Peptide Bond
R
Denaturation Environmental factors can disrupt 2o, 3o, or 4o structure
Phosphodiester Linkage
5
3
5
3
5
3
5
3
5
3
5
3
Nitrogen Bases
Nitrogen Bases Nitrogen Bases
ProteinSynthesis
Which Category?1. Nonpolar
2. Phosphodiester
3. Branched helices
4. Chitin
5. Radical group
6. Nitrogen base
7. Ester linkage
8. Disulfide bridge
9. Steroid
10. Peptidoglycan
11. 5’ and 3’ ends