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Page 1: MA - Master International Cooperation - 20081 Management of EU aid: instruments and modalities

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Management of EU aid: Management of EU aid:

instruments and modalitiesinstruments and modalities

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Sources of funding for EU external Sources of funding for EU external actionsactions

About 6% of the EU About 6% of the EU general budgetgeneral budget Development Cooperation in Development Cooperation in

East Europe Asia, South East Europe Asia, South America, North Africa, Middle America, North Africa, Middle EastEast

PeacekeepingPeacekeeping

European Development European Development Fund (EDF)Fund (EDF) Development cooperation in Development cooperation in

Sub-Saharan Africa, Caribbean, Sub-Saharan Africa, Caribbean, and Pacific (ACP countries)and Pacific (ACP countries)

Financed separately through Financed separately through members sates contributionsmembers sates contributions

EU 2008 Budget

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Management of Community Management of Community AidAid

Under the responsibility of the European Under the responsibility of the European CommissionCommission

Within the Commission the distribution of Within the Commission the distribution of responsibility is complex and in continuous responsibility is complex and in continuous evolutionevolution

Many Services involved, reporting to Many Services involved, reporting to different Commissionersdifferent Commissioners

Procedures are also complex and different Procedures are also complex and different depending on the region concerned, depending on the region concerned, although harmonisation efforts are although harmonisation efforts are underwayunderway

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There are many playersThere are many players Policy departments work out aid strategiesPolicy departments work out aid strategies

(DG External Relations and Development)(DG External Relations and Development)

EuropeAid responsible for implementation EuropeAid responsible for implementation together with Commission field offices together with Commission field offices (Delegations)(Delegations)

DG Humanitarian Aid (ECHO) responsible for DG Humanitarian Aid (ECHO) responsible for humanitarian aidhumanitarian aid

Enlargement activities are separate (DG Enlargement activities are separate (DG Enlargement)Enlargement)

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Devolution of aid Devolution of aid managmentmanagment

Reform started in 2000Reform started in 2000 and completed in 2005: “Anything and completed in 2005: “Anything that can be better managed and decided on the spot should that can be better managed and decided on the spot should not be managed or decided in Brussels”not be managed or decided in Brussels”

Increased responsibilities of the Commission Delegations Increased responsibilities of the Commission Delegations who became responsible for the day-to-day management of who became responsible for the day-to-day management of the bulk of Community aidthe bulk of Community aid

Simplification of procedures (and creation of a Simplification of procedures (and creation of a Finance&Contracts section in each delegation)Finance&Contracts section in each delegation)

Better coordination with other donors in the beneficiary Better coordination with other donors in the beneficiary countrycountry

Considerable increase of personnel and their Considerable increase of personnel and their responsibilities in the delegation: “operational staff” more responsibilities in the delegation: “operational staff” more than doubled than doubled

A minority of programmes are still managed at A minority of programmes are still managed at HeadquartersHeadquarters

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Decentralisation of aidDecentralisation of aid

In Brussels terminology the transfer In Brussels terminology the transfer of contractual authority to the of contractual authority to the Beneficiary countryBeneficiary country

The bulk of programmes are now The bulk of programmes are now “decentralised” but a few “decentralised” but a few programmes under “centralised programmes under “centralised management still existmanagement still exist

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Decentramento dei sistemi di Decentramento dei sistemi di gestionegestione

Attenzione alla terminologia di Attenzione alla terminologia di Bruxelles…Bruxelles… DécentralisationDécentralisation / / Decentralised Decentralised

programmeprogramme / / Programme décentraliséProgramme décentralisé: : significa che l’autorità contrattante significa che l’autorità contrattante èè lo lo stato beneficiario e non la Commissionestato beneficiario e non la Commissione

DéconcentrationDéconcentration//DevolutionDevolution: la gestione : la gestione della cooperazione della cooperazione èè trasferita dalla trasferita dalla sede alle Delegazionisede alle Delegazioni

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The services of the Commission The services of the Commission dealing with EU aid..dealing with EU aid..

DG DevelopmentDG Development Elaboration of EU Development PolicyElaboration of EU Development Policy Programming of the European Development Fund (EDF) for African, Caribbean, Programming of the European Development Fund (EDF) for African, Caribbean,

Pacific countries (ACP) Pacific countries (ACP) EuropeAidEuropeAid

Monitoring of execution of the European Development Fund (EDF) Monitoring of execution of the European Development Fund (EDF) Monitoring of execution of assistance programmes financed by the Union budget Monitoring of execution of assistance programmes financed by the Union budget

apart from preaccession countries apart from preaccession countries Most of programmes are managed directly by the Delegations Most of programmes are managed directly by the Delegations

ECHOECHO Self sufficient service, programmes and manages Humanitarian Aid Self sufficient service, programmes and manages Humanitarian Aid

DG EnlargementDG Enlargement Programming and monitoring of execution of pre-accession assistance for Programming and monitoring of execution of pre-accession assistance for

candidate countries (Croatia, Macedonia, Turkey) and Western Balkanscandidate countries (Croatia, Macedonia, Turkey) and Western Balkans Most of programmes are managed by the DelegationsMost of programmes are managed by the Delegations

DG RelexDG Relex Programming of assistance programmes financed by the Union budget apart Programming of assistance programmes financed by the Union budget apart

from pre-accessionfrom pre-accession Manages peacekeeping operations (self-sufficient)Manages peacekeeping operations (self-sufficient)

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..and the Commissioners they ..and the Commissioners they report toreport to

The Relex family CommissionersThe Relex family Commissioners Benita Ferrero-Waldner – External Relations, Benita Ferrero-Waldner – External Relations,

Neighbourhood (DG Relex and EuropeAid)Neighbourhood (DG Relex and EuropeAid) Louis Michel – Development and Humanitarian Louis Michel – Development and Humanitarian

Aid (DG Development and ECHO)Aid (DG Development and ECHO) Peter Mandelson – Trade (DG Trade)Peter Mandelson – Trade (DG Trade) Olli Rehn – Enlargement (DG Enlargement)Olli Rehn – Enlargement (DG Enlargement)

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European Commission European Commission delegationsdelegations

Responsible for the management of most Responsible for the management of most development assistance programmesdevelopment assistance programmes

Present in more than 120 countriesPresent in more than 120 countries Dimensions: from 20 to 120 personsDimensions: from 20 to 120 persons Head of Delegation manages a structure which Head of Delegation manages a structure which

normally comprises:normally comprises: (Political Section)(Political Section) (Trade Section)(Trade Section) Operational SectionsOperational Sections Finance and contact sectionFinance and contact section Administrative SectionAdministrative Section

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A small-medium size delegation: Benin A small-medium size delegation: Benin (40)(40)

Chef de DélégationSecrétariat

Presse

Chef de SectionEconomie

(AD)Secrétariat

Chef de SectionInfrastructures

(AD)Secrétariat

Transport

Chef de Section Finance/Contrats

(AD)Secrétariat

Chef de Section Gouvernance

(AD)Secrétariat

Commerce Sante

Chef Administration

(AST)

Comptable,

Informaticien,

Réception,

ChauffeursMacro economie Dev. urbain Eau

EnvironnementONGJustice

Ajoint, Comptables

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A larger delegation (80 pers)A larger delegation (80 pers)

Head of Delegation

Political/Press Commerce Head of Cooperation

Secretariat Security

Finance and Contracts

Economy sectionRural development

sectionInfrastructure section

Administration

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History of EU external History of EU external assistanceassistance

19571957 European Union (then EEC) created European Union (then EEC) created 19581958 Special fund (EDF) for former Special fund (EDF) for former

colonies of the 6 member statescolonies of the 6 member states 1970-1980s1970-1980sGradual expansion of EDF, nowGradual expansion of EDF, now

including 78 countries (ACP)including 78 countries (ACP) 11980-1990s980-1990sAid for Mediterranean, Eastern Aid for Mediterranean, Eastern

Europe, Balkans, AsiaEurope, Balkans, Asia and and Latin AmericaLatin America

TodayToday Covering 160 countries around Covering 160 countries around the globethe globe

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What do we spend money What do we spend money on?on?

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

20

02

20

03

20

04

20

05

Development

Enlargement

Humanitarian aid

Commission external assistance funds, per year, in € million

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Geographical distribution Geographical distribution of EU aidof EU aid

EU payments for external assistance in 2005, in € million

47%

6%

7%

8%

12%

20%

African, Caribbean and Pacific countries

2,759

South Mediterranean and Middle East

1,122

Southern Asia

681

Eastern Europe and Central Asia

432

Latin America

376

Western Balkans

345

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The main instrumentsThe main instruments

European Development Fund (EDF)European Development Fund (EDF) African Caribbean and Pacific CountriesAfrican Caribbean and Pacific Countries

Instrument for Pre-accession Assistance (IPA)Instrument for Pre-accession Assistance (IPA) Replaces PHARE, SAPARD, ISPA, CARDSReplaces PHARE, SAPARD, ISPA, CARDS For Candidate Countries and Western BalkansFor Candidate Countries and Western Balkans

European Neighbourhood and Partnership European Neighbourhood and Partnership Instrument (ENPI)Instrument (ENPI)

Instrument for Development CooperationInstrument for Development Cooperation Replaces TACIS (East Europe, Central Asia), MEDA Replaces TACIS (East Europe, Central Asia), MEDA

(Mediterranean countries), ALA (Asia and Latin America)(Mediterranean countries), ALA (Asia and Latin America) Humanitarian AidHumanitarian Aid Instrument for Stability (IfS)Instrument for Stability (IfS)

Crisis management, peacekeepingCrisis management, peacekeeping

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Altri strumenti e iniziative globali e Altri strumenti e iniziative globali e settorialisettoriali

Peace FacilityPeace Facility European Instrument for Democracy and Human European Instrument for Democracy and Human

RightsRights Macro-financial Assistance instrumentsMacro-financial Assistance instruments Water Facility (500 M Water Facility (500 M €) €) e Energy Facility (250 M e Energy Facility (250 M €)€)

A seguito dell’impegno preso dalla UE nei due settori a A seguito dell’impegno preso dalla UE nei due settori a Johannesburg in occasione del World Summit for Johannesburg in occasione del World Summit for Sustainable Development (WSSD, 2002)Sustainable Development (WSSD, 2002)

Beneficiari tutti i paesi ACPBeneficiari tutti i paesi ACP Selezione di progetti sulla base di un appello a candidatureSelezione di progetti sulla base di un appello a candidature Water Facility lanciata nel 2004, Energy Facility lanciata Water Facility lanciata nel 2004, Energy Facility lanciata

nel 2006 nel 2006

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Water Facility - Il problema Water Facility - Il problema dell’acquadell’acqua

Risorsa o bene gratuito?Risorsa o bene gratuito? Aumento della domanda e Aumento della domanda e

diminuzione delle risorse > aumento diminuzione delle risorse > aumento del costodel costo

Verso un mercato dell’acqua?Verso un mercato dell’acqua? Come dare un valore all’acqua senza Come dare un valore all’acqua senza

privare le popolazioni piprivare le popolazioni piùù povere di povere di questa risorsa fondamentale?questa risorsa fondamentale?

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Programming of development Programming of development assistance – Country strategy assistance – Country strategy

Accordo quinquennale tra la Commissione e il paese Accordo quinquennale tra la Commissione e il paese (o organizzazione regionale) beneficiario che definisce (o organizzazione regionale) beneficiario che definisce strategia d’intervento e programma indicativostrategia d’intervento e programma indicativo

Diviso in due parti: strategia di intervento (Country Diviso in due parti: strategia di intervento (Country Strategy Paper) e National Indicative Programme (NIP) Strategy Paper) e National Indicative Programme (NIP)

Per quanto riguarda i paesi “ACP” Programma attuale Per quanto riguarda i paesi “ACP” Programma attuale presto concluso (2002-2007) e nuovo programma in presto concluso (2002-2007) e nuovo programma in fase di lancio (2008-2013)fase di lancio (2008-2013)

I nuovi Country Strategy Papers africani sono stati I nuovi Country Strategy Papers africani sono stati firmati al Summit UE-Africa del dicembre 2007 a firmati al Summit UE-Africa del dicembre 2007 a LisbonaLisbona

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Once the NIP is Once the NIP is establishedestablished

Delegations design a project or activityDelegations design a project or activity EuropeAid ensures quality, coordinates with the EuropeAid ensures quality, coordinates with the

EU Member States and proposes funding decisionEU Member States and proposes funding decision The College of Commissioners decides on fundingThe College of Commissioners decides on funding Delegations tender for contractor (always Delegations tender for contractor (always

announced on EuropeAid website)announced on EuropeAid website) Delegations manage implementationDelegations manage implementation Some programmes are co-implemented with Some programmes are co-implemented with

beneficiary countriesbeneficiary countries

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Humanitarian AidHumanitarian Aid

Managed by ECHO, created in 1992Managed by ECHO, created in 1992 Emergency assistance and relief to the victims of Emergency assistance and relief to the victims of

natural disasters or armed conflict outside the natural disasters or armed conflict outside the European UnionEuropean Union

Functioning also when cooperation is interrupted Functioning also when cooperation is interrupted due to political crisis or political disagreementdue to political crisis or political disagreement

~ € 700 million / year~ € 700 million / year Aid channelled through International Aid channelled through International

Organisations (11%), UN (37%), or NGOs (52%)Organisations (11%), UN (37%), or NGOs (52%) Main operations in 2006: Darfur and East CongoMain operations in 2006: Darfur and East Congo

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Peacekeeping: Conflict Peacekeeping: Conflict prevention and crisis prevention and crisis

managementmanagement Fall within the Common Foreign Security Policy (second Fall within the Common Foreign Security Policy (second

pillar of th EU) thus not theoretically of community pillar of th EU) thus not theoretically of community competencecompetence

Managed by DG RelexManaged by DG Relex InstrumentsInstruments

CFSP actionCFSP action Stability instrumentStability instrument African Peace FacilityAfrican Peace Facility

Examples:Examples: Police mission and military operation in Bosnia (2003/2004)Police mission and military operation in Bosnia (2003/2004) Police mission in DRC (2005)Police mission in DRC (2005) Troops deployment in south Lebanon (2006)Troops deployment in south Lebanon (2006) Financing of African Union troops in Darfur (2007)Financing of African Union troops in Darfur (2007) Operation Eufor in Chad and Centrafican Republic (under Operation Eufor in Chad and Centrafican Republic (under

launching)launching)

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Lisbon Treaty – what changes Lisbon Treaty – what changes for EU external actionfor EU external action

Foreign policy is considered the sector most affected by the Foreign policy is considered the sector most affected by the TreatyTreaty

Creation of an European External Action Service (EEAS) – EC, Creation of an European External Action Service (EEAS) – EC, Council, Diplomats form Member StatesCouncil, Diplomats form Member States

The EEAS will presumably conglobate DG Relex, the The EEAS will presumably conglobate DG Relex, the Delegations and parts of other DGsDelegations and parts of other DGs

The concept of Community disappears – the Commission The concept of Community disappears – the Commission delegations can be called EU delegationsdelegations can be called EU delegations

Consular services in EU Delegations?Consular services in EU Delegations? Mix of EU officials and members States diplomats in Mix of EU officials and members States diplomats in

delegationsdelegations Towards the development of a European defence (mutual Towards the development of a European defence (mutual

defence – solidarity clause – structural cooperation)defence – solidarity clause – structural cooperation) Better coherence in external action: combination of Common Better coherence in external action: combination of Common

Foreign Security Policy instruments with development Foreign Security Policy instruments with development instrumentsinstruments

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European Development Fund European Development Fund (EDF): development cooperation in (EDF): development cooperation in

AfricaAfrica All’inizio era destinato alle ex-colonie. Copre ora i All’inizio era destinato alle ex-colonie. Copre ora i

paesi della zona Africa Caraibi Pacifico (ACP). paesi della zona Africa Caraibi Pacifico (ACP). Principale strumento di cooperazione allo sviluppo Principale strumento di cooperazione allo sviluppo della Commissione europeadella Commissione europea

Nasce col trattato di Roma (1957) ed Nasce col trattato di Roma (1957) ed è è regolato da regolato da una serie di accordi di Yaounduna serie di accordi di Yaoundé (1963, revisione é (1963, revisione nel 1969), Lomé (1975, revisioni quinquennali), nel 1969), Lomé (1975, revisioni quinquennali), Cotonou (2000, revisioni quinquennali)Cotonou (2000, revisioni quinquennali)

Le revisioni degli accordi lanciano un nuovo Le revisioni degli accordi lanciano un nuovo esercizio di programmazione – siamo attualmente esercizio di programmazione – siamo attualmente al decimo al decimo

È finanziato dagli stati membri separatamente dal È finanziato dagli stati membri separatamente dal budget dell’Unionebudget dell’Unione

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Economic Partnership Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs) with ACP Agreements (EPAs) with ACP

countriescountries Trade chapters of Cotonou agreement as well of Trade chapters of Cotonou agreement as well of

previous EU-ACP agreements permitted special previous EU-ACP agreements permitted special regime as exception to WTO rulesregime as exception to WTO rules

These arrangement were confined to facilitate These arrangement were confined to facilitate access to the European market (preferential access to the European market (preferential tariffs)tariffs)

Necessity to establish a new regimeNecessity to establish a new regime The arrangements were not formally in compliance with WTO The arrangements were not formally in compliance with WTO

rules an so other WTO member countries had to sign a waver rules an so other WTO member countries had to sign a waver which expired on 31/12/07which expired on 31/12/07

Uncomfortable truth: traditional trade agreements have not Uncomfortable truth: traditional trade agreements have not helped developing countries to compete successfully on helped developing countries to compete successfully on world’s marketsworld’s markets

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Economic Partnership Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs) with ACP Agreements (EPAs) with ACP

countriescountries Commission proposed EPAsCommission proposed EPAs

Long term goal: foster regional integration and help create the Long term goal: foster regional integration and help create the condition for attracting investmentcondition for attracting investment

Europe grants full market access (transition periods for sugar and rice)Europe grants full market access (transition periods for sugar and rice) Africa has 12 years to open up and the possibility to protect sensitive Africa has 12 years to open up and the possibility to protect sensitive

sectors. sectors. Additional financial support will be also granted under EDFAdditional financial support will be also granted under EDF

Everything But Arms initiative: Least Developed Countries (LDC) Everything But Arms initiative: Least Developed Countries (LDC) already get duty-free, quota-free accessalready get duty-free, quota-free access

African concerns:African concerns: They are being forced (not really)They are being forced (not really) Loss of fiscal revenue (yes but it is necessary in order to Loss of fiscal revenue (yes but it is necessary in order to

attract investment, EC provides funds to compensate for this)attract investment, EC provides funds to compensate for this) Flood of European goods (yes opening up will allow more flows, Flood of European goods (yes opening up will allow more flows,

but not primary markets for the EU, and is it really a problem? but not primary markets for the EU, and is it really a problem? Some African countries have signed bilateral interim agreementsSome African countries have signed bilateral interim agreements

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National Authorising Officer National Authorising Officer (NAO)(NAO)

Ruolo stabilito dall’Accordo di Cotonou Ruolo stabilito dall’Accordo di Cotonou (2000) tra paesi ACP e UE(2000) tra paesi ACP e UE

Rappresenta il paese beneficiario (ACP)Rappresenta il paese beneficiario (ACP) Nella maggior parte dei casi il Ministro Nella maggior parte dei casi il Ministro

dell’Economiadell’Economia Nella maggior parte dei casi Nella maggior parte dei casi è l’autorità è l’autorità

contrattante sui programmi comunitaricontrattante sui programmi comunitari Spesso si dota di una struttura di gestione Spesso si dota di una struttura di gestione

(EDF Cell)(EDF Cell)

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The Financing AgreementThe Financing Agreement Accordi tra Commissione e paese beneficiario Accordi tra Commissione e paese beneficiario

che riguardano i singoli interventi delineati nel che riguardano i singoli interventi delineati nel National indicative Programme (NIP)National indicative Programme (NIP)

Firmano:Firmano: NAONAO La Commissione La Commissione Line MinistriesLine Ministries

All’accordo viene annesso un documento con All’accordo viene annesso un documento con le disposizioni tecniche e amministrative che le disposizioni tecniche e amministrative che descrive il progetto/programma (obiettivi, descrive il progetto/programma (obiettivi, attività, risultati, durata, budget)attività, risultati, durata, budget)

ÈÈ il documento guida del progetto/programma il documento guida del progetto/programma

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EDF Project cycleEDF Project cycle

Programmazione:Programmazione: Country Strategy Paper e Country Strategy Paper e Indicative ProgrammeIndicative Programme

Identificazione: Identificazione: studi di fattibilità, impatto studi di fattibilità, impatto ambientale,ambientale, preparazione di una apposita fiche preparazione di una apposita fiche (Delegazione) (Delegazione)

Formulazione: Formulazione: preparazione Financing Agreement preparazione Financing Agreement (Delegazione su proposta del NAO)(Delegazione su proposta del NAO)

Screening (EuropeAid)Screening (EuropeAid) Finanziamento: Finanziamento: Approvazione al Comitato EDF Approvazione al Comitato EDF

che riunisce gli stati membri UEche riunisce gli stati membri UE Firma Commissione/Governo e inizio Firma Commissione/Governo e inizio

dell’dell’EsecuzioneEsecuzione

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Esecuzione - contrattiEsecuzione - contratti Nel quadro dell’esecuzione di Financing Agreement Nel quadro dell’esecuzione di Financing Agreement

l’autorità contrattante appalta l’esecuzione degli l’autorità contrattante appalta l’esecuzione degli interventi a società private, agenzie, ONGinterventi a società private, agenzie, ONG

Gestione decentralizzata nella maggior parte dei Gestione decentralizzata nella maggior parte dei casi: l’autorità contrattante e il paese beneficiario – casi: l’autorità contrattante e il paese beneficiario – Gestione centralizzata: l’autorità contrattante Gestione centralizzata: l’autorità contrattante èè la la CommissioneCommissione

Essenzialmente cinque tipi di contrattoEssenzialmente cinque tipi di contratto Services (studi, ricerche, assistenza tecnica, Services (studi, ricerche, assistenza tecnica,

monitoraggio, valutazioni)monitoraggio, valutazioni) Works (strade, impianti idrici, ecc)Works (strade, impianti idrici, ecc) Supply (macchinari, veicoli, accessori)Supply (macchinari, veicoli, accessori) Contratto di delega della gestione tecnica e finanziaria di Contratto di delega della gestione tecnica e finanziaria di

un’azione (project management unit)un’azione (project management unit) Grant agreement (cofinaziamento a una ONG o Grant agreement (cofinaziamento a una ONG o

organizzazione internazionale)organizzazione internazionale)

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Delega della gestione tecnica e Delega della gestione tecnica e finanziaria (project implementation finanziaria (project implementation

unit)unit)

Un’entità esterna gestisce per conto dell’autorità Un’entità esterna gestisce per conto dell’autorità contrattantecontrattante

Budget annuali approvati dal NAO (autorità Budget annuali approvati dal NAO (autorità contrattante) e dalla Commissionecontrattante) e dalla Commissione

Gestione di contratti e appalti solamente al di sotto Gestione di contratti e appalti solamente al di sotto di un determinato montante (in funzione del tipo di di un determinato montante (in funzione del tipo di contratto)contratto)

Pratica in diminuzione – la dichiarazione di Parigi Pratica in diminuzione – la dichiarazione di Parigi chiede una riduzione delle “unitchiede una riduzione delle “unitàà parallele di parallele di progetto” per garantire una migliore coordinazione progetto” per garantire una migliore coordinazione in seno al Governo beneficiarioin seno al Governo beneficiario

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ModalitàModalità

ProgettoProgetto Programma di appoggio alla politica Programma di appoggio alla politica

settoriale (Sector Wide Approach settoriale (Sector Wide Approach Programme, SWAP)Programme, SWAP)

Budget SupportBudget Support

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ProgettoProgetto

Finanziamento di tipo classico ancora Finanziamento di tipo classico ancora predominante in certi settori come le predominante in certi settori come le infrastruttureinfrastrutture

Attività e risultanti ben definitiAttività e risultanti ben definiti Spesso procedure d’appalto e di gestione Spesso procedure d’appalto e di gestione

del paese/organizzazione donatoredel paese/organizzazione donatore Maggiori garanzie di qualitàMaggiori garanzie di qualità Minori garanzie di ownership del paese Minori garanzie di ownership del paese

beneficiariobeneficiario

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Le gare d’appalto – regole di Le gare d’appalto – regole di origine e nazionalitàorigine e nazionalità

Tradizionalmente entità europee, del Tradizionalmente entità europee, del paese beneficiario, o di un paese paese beneficiario, o di un paese firmatario dell’accordo di riferimento firmatario dell’accordo di riferimento (Cotonou per esempio). Idem per (Cotonou per esempio). Idem per l’origine delle forniture.l’origine delle forniture.

La nuova regolamentazione prevede La nuova regolamentazione prevede una progressiva apertura a entità di una progressiva apertura a entità di paesi extraeuropeipaesi extraeuropei

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Le gare d’appalto – tipiLe gare d’appalto – tipi

Pubblicate sulla gazzetta ufficiale e sul sito Pubblicate sulla gazzetta ufficiale e sul sito di EuropeAiddi EuropeAid Internazionali aperte (grandi lavori)Internazionali aperte (grandi lavori) Internzionali ristrette (servizi)Internzionali ristrette (servizi)

Preselezione sulla base di una “expression of interest”Preselezione sulla base di una “expression of interest” selezione finale sulla base del dossier completo di selezione finale sulla base del dossier completo di

candidatura a partire da una short listcandidatura a partire da una short list LocaleLocale Contratto quadroContratto quadro Procedura negoziataProcedura negoziata

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Gli attori di un progetto Gli attori di un progetto (EDF)(EDF)

La delegazione La delegazione NAO generalmente rappresentato NAO generalmente rappresentato

dalla EDF celldalla EDF cell Ministero tecnico Ministero tecnico Consulente Consulente Beneficiario finale Beneficiario finale

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Programma di appoggio alla Programma di appoggio alla politica settoriale (SWAP)politica settoriale (SWAP)

Finanziamento di un programma nazionale del Finanziamento di un programma nazionale del paese beneficiario o appoggio di ampio raggio paese beneficiario o appoggio di ampio raggio allo sviluppo di un particolare settore allo sviluppo di un particolare settore (educazione, sanit(educazione, sanità, ecc.)à, ecc.)

Richiede l’esistenza di una strategia nazionale Richiede l’esistenza di una strategia nazionale Offre maggiori probabilità di ownershipOffre maggiori probabilità di ownership Si presta al cofinaziamento di piSi presta al cofinaziamento di piùù donatori donatori Facilita l’utilizzazione delle procedure Facilita l’utilizzazione delle procedure

nazionalinazionali

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Budget supportBudget support Contributo al budget dello stato beneficiarioContributo al budget dello stato beneficiario Settoriale o globale/macroeconomicoSettoriale o globale/macroeconomico Richiede monitoraggio degli indicatori settoriali o Richiede monitoraggio degli indicatori settoriali o

macroeconomicimacroeconomici Necessita l’esistenza di una strategia settoriale o una Necessita l’esistenza di una strategia settoriale o una

strategia nazionale di sviluppo (PRS)strategia nazionale di sviluppo (PRS) Garantisce l’utilizzazione delle procedure nazionaliGarantisce l’utilizzazione delle procedure nazionali Condizioni favorevoli se:Condizioni favorevoli se:

StabilitStabilitàà politica politica Quadro macroeconomico e finanziario stabileQuadro macroeconomico e finanziario stabile Gestione finanziaria affidabileGestione finanziaria affidabile DemocraziaDemocrazia

Modalità in linea con la dichiarazione di Parigi (Modalità in linea con la dichiarazione di Parigi (ownership, ownership, alignment)alignment)

La Commissione europea pianifica di aumentare lo share di La Commissione europea pianifica di aumentare lo share di budget support nei suoi programmi e portarlo al 50% budget support nei suoi programmi e portarlo al 50%

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Budget supportBudget support

VantaggiVantaggi PredictabilityPredictability HarmonisationHarmonisation AlignmentAlignment

SvantaggiSvantaggi Weak controlWeak control Incertezza sui risultatiIncertezza sui risultati Rischio maggiore corruzioneRischio maggiore corruzione Incertezza sui beneficiari finaliIncertezza sui beneficiari finali

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Budget support – a risky Budget support – a risky

business?business?