Lutheran ChurchPriesthood of allNo ‘Religious Life’Married clergyNo PopeA ‘National’ Church2 SacramentsBaptism/EucharistNo ‘Mass’Different view of ‘Real Presence”Vernacular Bible and WorshipStress on PreachingGood Works – rejected (eg. Fasting, pilgrimages, indulgences, etc.)

Hierarchical priesthoodReligious LifeCelibacyAuthority of Pope and BishopsA Universal Church7 Sacraments

MassChrist actually present in the EucharistLatin (until 1960s)Stress on Tradition & AuthorityValue of faith and working out your salvation through ‘good works’

Catholic Church

Lutheran Church Catholic ChurchFA

ITH

ALO

NE

GR

AC

E A

LON

E

SC

RIP

TU

RE A

LON

E

SC

RIP

TU

RE &

TR

AD

ITIO

N

FAIT

H &

WO

RK

S

AU

TH

OR

ITY -

PO

PE

& B

ISH

OPS

John Calvin (1509 – 1564)

1. What does the term “Predestination” mean for Calvin?

2. Why can Catholics not accept Calvin’s teaching about Predestination?

3. In Catholic teaching, what is there, aprart from Scripture, that contributes to our knowledge of salvation?

Huldrych Zwingli (1484 – 1531)

1.List the main points of Zwingli’s programme of reform

2.In what ways did his proposals go against Catholic teaching and doctrine?

Three Major Protestant Streams

Lutheran

Calvin

Anglican

Lutheranism

Key event: publication of Luther’s 95 Theses in 1517• Human beings have fallen nature. Only faith

brings salvation• Primacy of the Bible. Encourages individual

interpretation of scripture• Accepts only the sacraments of baptism and

Eucharist. Believes in consubstantiation – body and blood of Christ coexist with the bread and wine which do not change

• Rejects: holy days, fast days, honoring saints, indulgences, the rosary, monasticism, the other five sacraments

CalvinistKey event: publication of Calvin’s Institutes of the Christian Religion in 1536• Human nature is utterly depraved• The doctrine of predestination. Christ died only for the

elect. The elect cannot resist God’s grace. Nor can they backslide

• Accepts only baptism and eucharist. Believes only in Christ’s spiritual presence in the eucharist. Encourages Bible reading, sobriety, thrift, capitalism, and a strict Sabbath observance. Stresses the priesthood of all believers and democracy in the church

• Rejects: whatever is not in the Bible – for example, vestments, images, organs, hymns

Anglican

Key event: Henry VIII declares himself head of church in England in 1534• Accepts most Catholic teachings about faith and

good works. Does not recognise papal primacy• The monarch is head of the church in England.

The monarch establishes what is allowable religious practice in the realm

• Believe in the seven sacraments. Liturgy very similar to Catholic liturgy. Bishops head dioceses and priests serve in parishes. Priests can marry.

• Accepts: The Book of Common Prayer and most Roman Catholic beliefs and practices

Development of the Christian Churches

EARLY CHRISTIAN CHURCH

4th Century

Church of Roman Empire

1054

GREAT SCHISM

Mestorian Armenian Jacobite Coptic

Churches

Development of the Christian Churches

GREAT SCHISM

Eastern Orthodox

(Constantinople)

Western Christianity

(Rome)

Roman

Catholic Church16th Century Reformation

Church of

EnglandLutherans Calvinists Anabaptists

Baptists Congregationalists Presbyterians Methodiests Quakers