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LOOKING INSIDE CELLS Chapter 4, Section 3 6 th Grade Text

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TYPE OF CELLS PROKARYOTES Cells that have a cell wall and cell membrane but lack an organized nucleus. Example is bacteria cell.

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TYPE OF CELLS EUKARYOTES Cells that contain a defined nucleus that contains the genetic material. Examples are animal cells and plant cells.

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organelles is a specialized subunit within a cell that has a specific function, and is usually separately enclosed within its own lipid bilayer.

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CELL MEMBRANE For animal cells, the cell membrane forms the outside boundary that separates the cell from its environment. Its structure is essentially a double layer of fat with embedded proteins. Its main function is to control what substances come into and out of the cell.

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NUCLEUS The nucleus is a large oval structure that acts as the brain of the cell, controlling all of the cells activities. It is made up of the nuclear membrane, chromatin and nucleolus.

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CHROMOSOMES The nucleus contains thin strands of genetic material called chromatin. When the cell begins to divide, the chromatin strands coil and condense to form structures called chromosomes.

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NUCLEOLUS a non-membrane bound structure found inside the nucleus. Function made ribosomes.

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CYTOPLASM Is a thick, clear, gel- like fluid found between the cell membrane and the nucleus. Most cell activities take place in the cytoplasm Is where the Cell organelles are found floating in the cytoplasm.

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MITOCHONDRIA rod-shaped organelles called the power-houses produce most of the energy the cell needs to carry out its functions. Muscle cells and other very active cells have large numbers (1000s) of mitochondria. Less active cells might have only one mitochondria.

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ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM Is a maze of passageways Function carry proteins and other materials from one part of the cell to another.

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Smooth ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM Is smooth no presence of ribosomes. is involved in lipid synthesis and steroid synthesis. It is also involved in drug detoxification.

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Rough ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM surface of the membrane of RER is studded with ribosomes (another type of organelle) function of RER is the synthesis and manufacture of proteins in ribosomes

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RIBOSOMES Ribosomes are small, grain-like bodies either attached to the endoplasmic reticulum or free floating in the cytoplasm. Ribosomes are factories that produce proteins. These proteins are passed to the ER, then transported to the Golgi Bodies.

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RIBOSOMES

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GOLGI BODIES structures that look like a flattened collection of sacs and tubes that serve as the cells mail-room. Function: receive proteins from the ER, package them, and deliver them either to other parts of the cells, or release them to outside the cell.

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GOLGI BODIES

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LYSOSOMES small, round, membrane enclosed. Functions: break down food particles and old cell parts. Then the substances released can be recycled and used to build new parts.

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VACUOLES membrane-bound organelles Functions: store water, food, and other materials needed by the cells but they can also contain waste products. Vacuoles are more prominent in plant cells, and typically occupy more than 30% (and up to 80%) of a plant cells volume.

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LYSOSOMES & VACUOLES

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Cells organelles song Mr. W cells song with all the animal cell organelles Mr. W cells song with all the animal cell organelles

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PLANT CELLS

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CELL WALL The cell wall is a rigid layer of non-living material that surrounds the cells of plants. It is made of a tough, flexible material called cellulose (Wood contains lots of cellulose.) The cell wall functions to protect and support the cell.

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CHLOROPLASTS Chloroplasts are large green organelles that function to capture energy from sunlight and use it to produce food for the cell. Remember: 6CO2 + 6H2O C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O2

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Mr. W cells song with all the animal cell organelles and plants Mr. W cells song with all the animal cell organelles cell rap Interactive cells