Warm up (page 15L/R or 16L/Rkeep in mind when answering that feudal society placed church officials and nobles

above peasants

Look at the “COMPARING” Medieval and Renaissance Art” on page 267

List the similarities and differences between the two paintings

How does the medieval example reflect social roles in feudal society?

How does the Renaissance example reflect a changed view of humanity?

Which artistic style seems more lifelike? WHY?

In your small group (pages 266 – 268):

1. How did the Black Death affect the power of feudal lords?

2. What new interests were reflected in Renaissance art?

3. How did the Renaissance bring about demands for religious reform?

Candy to the group with best answers

What changes have taken place in Europe since ancient times?

Feudalism brought order to Europe

The Renaissance rediscovered classical culture and led to new ways of thinking

Martin Luther started the Reformation which led to the spread of Protestantism

How did the printing press help ideas spread during the

Renaissance?Ideas were made more accessible to more people, because books could be produced relatively quickly and cheaply

Objectives

Describe how new ideas produced changes throughout Europe

Identify the reasons for Europe’s expanding power around the world

Explain European efforts to unite after the war

SPOILER ALERT: There will be several opportunities to win lottery tickets for the MPG Player. Have index cards available.

Scientific RevolutionA major change in European thinking in the mid 1500’s that led to the questioning of old theories. Change came about in modern Europe through inventions, observation, inquiry and scientific discussion

EnlightenmentAge of Reason

A philosophical movement in the 1600’s and 1700’s that was characterized by the use of reason and scientific methods. Reason could be used to study both human behavior and the natural world. It moved people to question government and individual rights and inspired independence movements.

John Locke – people had the rights to life, liberty, and property and it was government that was responsible to protect their rights – if not, people had the right to rebel

French RevolutionEnlightenment ideas (1789) inspired French citizens to challenge the monarchy and the privileges of the wealthiest classes.

•Louis XVI is beheaded and the “Reign of Terror” begins•Napoleon seizes power in 1799•Napoleon revises the French judicial system•Napoleon establishes a fairer set of laws called the Napoleonic Code•Napoleon laid the foundation for modern France

BONUS I will draw one winner to be given

a lottery ticket for the MPG PLAYERHow was France affected by the new ideas of the Enlightenment? (answer under 8 words)

Two minutes to answer. I will collect your answers and randomly select ones to read aloud. The first one to have the best answer wins the lottery ticket

Nationalism•Pride in and loyalty to one’s nation•European’s begin to see themselves as citizens of a nation, not a subject of a King.•Push for democracy and self-government•Nationalism was spread by the French Revolution•By 1870’s western Europe had achieved self-government (for the most part)

Industrial Revolution•The shift that began in Britain in the 1760’s from making goods by hand to making them by machine.•Industrialization led to European nations to build empires•Factories were built by rivers so they could be powered by water•Steam powered machine factories come to cities•People move from rural to urban for jobs•Industrial Revolution gave rise to Imperialism

Imperialism•The practice of one country controlling the government and economy of another country or territory.

•Europe needed raw materials and new markets for their products.

CAUSES OF WWIOne Thing Led to AnotherAustria-Hungary declared war on Serbia on 28 July 1914. Russia, bound by treaty to Serbia, announced mobilization of its vast army in her defenseGermany, allied to Austria-Hungary by treaty, viewed the Russian mobilization as an act of war against Austria-Hungary, declared war on Russia on 1 August. France, bound by treaty to Russia, found itself at war against Germany and, by extension, on Austria-Hungary following a German declaration on 3 August.  Germany was swift in invading neutral Belgium so as to reach Paris by the shortest possible route. Britain, allied to France by a more loosely worded treaty which placed a "moral obligation" upon her to defend France, declared war against Germany on 4 August.  Her reason for entering the conflict lay in another direction: she was obligated to defend neutral Belgium by the terms of a 75-year old treaty.  With Germany's invasion of Belgium on 4 August, and the Belgian King's appeal to Britain for assistance, Britain committed herself to Belgium's defence later that day.  Like France, she was by extension also at war with Austria-Hungary. With Britain's entry into the war, her colonies and dominions abroad variously offered military and financial assistance, and included Australia, Canada, India, New Zealand and the Union of South Africa. United States President Woodrow Wilson declared a U.S. policy of absolute neutrality, an official stance that would last until 1917 when Germany's policy of unrestricted submarine warfare - which seriously threatened America's commercial shipping (which was in any event almost entirely directed towards the Allies led by Britain and France) - forced the U.S. to finally enter the war on 6 April 1917. Japan, honoring a military agreement with Britain, declared war on Germany on 23 August 1914.  Two days later Austria-Hungary responded by declaring war on Japan. Italy, although allied to both Germany and Austria-Hungary, was able to avoid entering the fray by citing a clause enabling it to evade its obligations to both.  In short, Italy was committed to defend Germany and Austria-Hungary only in the event of a 'defensive' war; arguing that their actions were 'offensive' she declared instead a policy of neutrality.  The following year, in May 1915, she finally joined the conflict by siding with the Allies against her two former allies.

Causes of WWII

The Treaty of Versailles after WWI solved nothing   Reparations left many people in the victorious nations feeling guilty.   The loss of all that land to other countries simply made Hitler's early aggression look justified.   Self-determination surrounded Germany by a lot of small nation states that fell easy prey to Germany.   Most of all, the Treaty made the Germans angry, just waiting their chance for revenge.

Appeasement encouraged aggression   Appeasement encouraged war.   It made Hitler think no one dare stop him, which encouraged him to go further and further until in the end he went too far.  

I World War I World War II

Also known as:

The Great War, Second World War

Abbreviation: WWI WWII

Period and duration:

1914 to1918; 4 years 1939 to 1945; 6 Years

Conflict between:

The Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Turkey) and the Allied Powers (France, Britain, Russia, Italy, Japan, and (from 1917) the U.S.)

The Axis Powers (Germany, Italy, and Japan) and the Allied Powers (France, Britain, the U.S., the Soviet Union, and China)

Nature of war:

War between countries for acquiring colonies or territory or resources.

War of ideologies, such as Fascism and Communism.

Triggers and causes:

Assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand of Austria in June 1914

Political and economic instability in Germany. The harsh conditions of the Treaty of Versailles Rise of power of Adolf Hitler and his alliance with Italy and Japan to oppose the Soviet Union

Methods of warfare:

Fought from lines of trenches and supported by artillery and machine guns, infantry assault, early airplanes and poisonous gas. Mostly static in nature, mobility was minimal.

Nuclear power and missiles were used, modern concepts of covert and special operations. Submarines and tanks were also more heavily used. Encryption codes for secret communication became more complex.

Genocide: The Ottoman Empire (Turkey) carried out genocide of Armenians

German Nazis committed genocide against Jews and gypsies

Casualties:Estimated to be 10 million dead, 21 million wounded, and 7.7 million missing or imprisoned.

More than 40 million men and women were serving in the armed forces by 1944, and civilian and military deaths exceeded 55 million.

Outcome:

The German, Russian, Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman Empires—were militarily and politically defeated. Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman Empires ceased to exist. The League of Nations was formed in the hope of preventing another such conflict.

The war ended with the total victory of the Allies over Germany and Japan in 1945. The Soviet Union and the United States emerged as rival superpowers. The United Nations was established to foster international cooperation and prevent conflicts.

What led to the start of Europe’s two world wars?

WWIRise in nationalism and militarismSystem of alliancesAssassination of Archduke Ferdinand

WWIIGlobal economic depressionHitler taking power promising to expand German territoryGermany’s invasion of Poland

Why did European nations begin to unite after WWII?

To rebuild and prevent future wars

BONUS I will draw one winner to be given

a lottery ticket for the MPG PLAYERHow were goods produced by the late 1700s in Europe?

Describe how factories caused cities to grow?

What led Europeans to establish overseas colonies?

Three minutes to answer. I will collect your answers and randomly select ones to read aloud. The first one to have the best answer wins the lottery ticket

Holocaust•The systematic murder of Jews and other minorities by the Nazis during WWII

What is the Maastricht Treaty?

It formed the European Union

What is the European Union (EC)?

An organization of European nations whose members cooperate on economic, social, and

political issues

What changes have taken place in Europe since ancient times?

Enlightenment ideas sparked Europeans to challenge old traditions and replace governmentsThe Industrial Revolution changed how people worked and led to ImperialismEuropean nations have worked to former closer ties after two devastating wars