long range surveillance leaders course intelligence preparation of the battlefield (ipb)

Long Range Surveillance Leaders Course

INTELLIGENCE PREPARATIONOF THE BATTLEFIELD (IPB)


TERMINAL LEARNING OBJECTIVE

ACTION: Demonstrate the steps used in Intelligence Preparation of the Battlefield.

CONDITION: Given the LRSLC intelligence handbook, group discuss, and practical exercise.

STANDARD: Demonstrate IAW FM 34-130 and LRSLC non graded and graded field training exercises’.


SAFETY REQUIREMENTS: GENERAL SAFETY

RISK ASSESSMENT: LOW

ENVIRONMENT CONSIDERATIONS: IF YOU BROUGHT IN, TAKE IT WITH YOU!!

EVALUATION: Students will be evaluated during a written exam following the exam and during the graded FTX.

GENERAL ADMIN


ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVE A

Action: Describe step one of the IPB process.

Condition: Given a group discussion, practical exercise, and intelligence handbook.

Standard: Complete practical exercise within 60 minutes and perform step one during non-graded and graded FTX.


WHAT IS IPB?

“IPB is a continuous four step process analyzing the threat and terrain in a geographic area.” (FM 34-130)


STEP ONE: DEFINE THE BATTLEFIELD ENVIRONMENT

• Identify significant Characteristics• Identify limits of the AO and battle space• Establish the limits of the AI• Detail and time• Evaluate existing databases/Intelligence

Gaps• Collect Material and Intelligence

(RFI/RIIs)


IDENTIFY SIGNIFICANT CHARACTERISTICS

• Geography• Population• Political or socioeconomic • Infrastructures• Rules of Engagement• OPFOR Capabilities


AREA OF OPERATIONS

• Geographical areas assigned to commanders for which they have responsibility and authority to conduct military operations.

• The area friendly forces neutralize, destroy, or corrupt enemy capabilities.


AREA OF INTEREST (AI)

• Geographic area from which information and intelligence are required for planning or successful conduct of command’s operation.

• The area the enemy controls and may use against you.


BATTLEFIELD AREA BATTLEFIELD AREA EVALUATIONEVALUATION

X

X

XX

ll

ll

ll AREAOF

OPERATIONS

AREAOF

INTEREST

INTELLIGENCE PREPARATION OF THE BATTLEFIELD

AREAOF

INTEREST

AREAOF

INTEREST

AREAOF

INTEREST

AI

AI


EVALUATE EXISTING DATABASES AND IDENTIFY

INTELLIGENCE GAPS• Mission Planning folder

– Maps– Imagery– Climatology– Future Weather Forecast– Historical Data

• Company OPORD

• S2/G2/J2/C2 Intelligence database


INTELLIGENCE GAP

•Information that is critical to the accomplishment of the mission, but not available for use at the present time.• Starts initial list of :

•RFIs•RIIs•Intelligence Requirement


QUESTIONS???


CHECK ON LEARNING

1. What are the four steps of IPB?

2. What is an area of interest?

3. What is an area of operations?

4. What is Intelligence Preparation of the Battlefield?


ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVE B

• Action: Describe step two of the IPB process.

• Condition: Given a group discussion and practical exercise in classroom environment.

• Standard: Complete practical exercise within 90 minutes and perform step two during the non-graded and graded FTX.


STEP TWO: DESCRIBE BATTLEFIELD EFFECTS

• Terrain Analysis– Analyze the Military Aspects of Terrain – Classify Terrain

• Weather Analysis– Military Aspects of Weather– Evaluate the Weather Effects on

Military Operations

• Enemy and Friendly


OAKOC

• O-bstacles:

• A-venues of Approach:

• K-ey Terrain:

• O-bservation and fields of fire:

• C-Cover and Concealment:


ADDITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS

• Unrestricted: Terrain allows wide maneuver• Restricted: Terrain hinders movement

– swamps – elevations differences of 100-200m per KM

• Severely Restricted: Terrain severely hinders or slows movement. – steep slopes– large densely spaced obstacles


GRAPHIC REPRESENTATIONS

• Combined Obstacles Overlay (COO)

• Vegetation

• Surface Drainage

• Obstacles

• Lines of Communication (LOCs)

• Weather Effects Overlay


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LEGEND

MAJOR LOCsPER. STREAMSINTER. STREAMS

LIGHTNING RD

A OF A (AA1/2)

COMBINED OBSTACLESOVERLAY


GRAPHIC REPRESENTATIONS (cont.)

• Modified Combined Obstacles Overlay

– COO + Cross Country mobility

• unrestricted

• restricted

• severely restricted

– Avenues of Approach

– Key Terrain

IPB DEFINED

A continuous process analyzing thethreat and environment in ageographic area using four steps


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LEGENDRESTRICTEDSEVERELY RESTRICTED

BUIILT UPAREA

AT MINES

OBSTACLES


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AA1

AA2

AVENUES of APPROACH


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SEVERELY RESTRICTED

AA1

AA2

KEY TERRAIN

K

KK

K K

K


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AA1

AA2

OBSERVATIONAND FIELDS OF

FIRE


MILITARY ASPECTS OF WEATHER

• Visibility

• Wind Speed

• Precipitation

• Cloud Cover

• Temperature and Humidity


QUESTIONS???


CHECK ON LEARNING

1. What are military aspects of terrain?

2. What is restrictive terrain?

3. What are the military aspects of weather?

4. What is the difference between a COO and a MCOO?


Action: Describe step three of the IPB process.


Standard: complete practical exercise within 60 minutes and perform step three during the non-graded and graded FTX.

ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVE C


STEP THREE: EVALUATE THE THREAT

• Update or create threat models

• Additional considerations

• Identify Threat Capabilities


UPDATE OR CREATE THREAT MODELS

• Doctrinal Templates

• Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures

• High Value Target


DOCTRINAL TEMPLATEDepicts how the enemy deploys his forces without

regard to terrain and weather.

FIRST ECHELON SECOND

SECURITY ZONE

RAG

FIRESACK

FIRESACK

10-15KM

MAIN BODY


TACTICS, TECHNIQUES, AND PROCEDURES

• SOPs

• Field Manuals

• Description of Doctrinal Templates• highlights key events• fail or succeed


HIGH VALUE TARGET (HVT)

• Battlefield Operating Systems

• Maneuver • Non-maneuver

• Identify on Doctrinal Template

• Definition


IDENTIFY THREAT CAPABILITIES

• Broad COAs

• Influence accomplishment of friendly mission


QUESTIONS???


CHECK ON LEARNING

1. What is a doctrinal template?

2. Where are OPFOR TTPs found?

3. What is a high value target?


Action: Describe step four of the IPB process.


Standard: Complete the practical exercise within 60 minutes and perform step four during the non-graded and graded FTX.

ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVE #4


STEP FOUR: DETERMINE THREAT COAS

• Identify the threat’s likely Objectives

• Identify the full set of COAs

• Evaluate and prioritize each COA

• Develop each COA in the amount of detail time allows

• Identify initial collection requirements


IDENTIFY THE THREAT’S LIKELY OBJECTIVE

• One level above

• Two levels below

• Accomplish mission of parent unit


IDENTIFY FULL SET OF COA

• Suitability

• Feasibility

• Acceptability

• Distinguishability

• Completeness


DEVELOP EACH COURSE OF ACTION

• What, When, Where, How, and Why

• Situation Template (SITTEMP)

• Consolidate Situation Template


SITUATION TEMPLATE

• Combine Doctrinal Template with terrain and weather effects.

• Represents a “snapshot” in time.


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RAG

FIRESACK

FIRESACK

SITTEMP


IDENTIFY INITIAL COLLECTION REQUIREMENTS

• Consolidate SITTEMPs

• Event Template

• Identify Named Area of Interest

• Time Phase Lines


EVENT TEMPLATE

• Helps you identify specific battlefield events

• Provide indicators– SIR - Movement of Artillery Forward.– SOR - Report 2S1 movement forward of PL JUNO.

• Guide for Intelligence Collection Plan• Guide for recon and surveillance planning


NAMED AREA OF INTEREST

• Geographical area where information that will satisfy a specific information requirement can be collected.

• Usually selected to capture indications of threat COAs


TIMED PHASE LINE (TPLS)

• A line used to represent the flow of an operation over a period of time.

• Normally, two hour intervals.


H + 4

PL JUNO

H + 2

PL SATURN

12

13

14

NAI #INDICATOR H-Hour12 23 MRR TANK BN H+313 23 MRR AA H+414 23 MRR Arty MovementH+5

EVENT TEMPLATE


Named Area of Interest(NAI)

Target Area of Interest

(TAI)AB0001

Target Reference Point(TRP)

1211


PRACTICAL EXERCISE #1

Action: Construct a COO and MCOO.

Condition: Given a classroom environment with a Ft. Benning 1:50,000 Map, Protractor, Intelligence handout and permanent markers.

Standard: Complete in 60 minutes and brief to the class upon completion.


PRACTICAL EXERCISE #2

Action: Construct and brief a situation template course of action.

Condition: Given a classroom environment with a Ft. Benning 1:50,000 map, protractor, intelligence handout and permanent markers.

STANDARD: Complete in 60 minutes and brief to the class upon completion.


QUESTIONS???


CHECK ON LEARNING

1. What is a situation template?

2. What are the five criteria for evaluating courses of action?

3. What is an event template?

4. What is a named area of interest?

5. What are time phase lines?


REVIEW

• Step 1-Determine Battlefield Environment

• Step 2-Describe the Battlefield Effects

• Step 3-Evaluate the Threat

• Step 4-Determine Threat Course of Action

long range surveillance leaders course intelligence preparation of the battlefield (ipb)

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