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Lockout Construction John Newquist

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Page 1: Lockout fatalities construction

Lockout ConstructionJohn Newquist

Page 2: Lockout fatalities construction

Overview

• Why is Lockout/Tagout (LOTO) important?

• What are the causes of lockout injuries

• How does OSHA and LOTO apply to contractors?

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Injuries

Craft workers, electricians, machine operators, and laborers are among the 3 million workers who service equipment routinely and face the greatest risk of injury.

http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/controlhazardousenergy/index.html

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What is hazardous energy?Energy sources including ElectricalMechanical - kineticHydraulicPneumaticChemicalThermal GravityPotential – pressure in vesselsRadiationOther sources in machines and equipment

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OSHA1910.147(f)(2) Outside personnel (contractors, etc.).

• Whenever outside servicing personnel are to be engaged in activities covered by the scope and application of this standard, the on-site employer and the outside employer shall inform each other of their respective lockout or tagout procedures.

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1926.416(a)(1)

No employer shall permit an employee to work in such proximity to any part of an electric power circuit that the employee could contact the electric power circuit in the course of work, unless the employee is protected against electric shock by deenergizing the circuit and grounding it or by guarding it effectively by insulation or other means.

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● Cobalt Engineering in Bronx, NY● Employee #1 was finishing drywall in

an attic addition when he collapsed and died.

● He may have contacted an energized, uncovered electrical outlet or switch.

● OSHA Penalty: $7000

August 2006

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OSHA 3 Steps

Step 1: Did the employer permit an employee to work in such proximity that he or she could contact the electric power circuit in the course of work? "Contact" includes direct or indirect contact.

Step 2: Did the employer de-energize the proximate electric power circuit and ground it?

If the employer did not de-energize and ground the circuit, then permitting employees to work close enough to "contact the electric power circuit in the course of work" would violate §1926.416(a)(1), unless the circuit was effectively guarded.

Step 3: If the proximate electric power circuit was not de-energized and grounded, did the employer guard the circuit "effectively by insulation or other means" of guarding?

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April 2015

Lines can be sleeved to prevent incidental contact.

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Fluorescent Lighting

Most common cause of electrical death among electricians

Changing ballast while live.

Worker not de-energizing circuit nor wearing any insulated gloves. Fiberglass ladder recommended.

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Jan 2017

• The 69-year-old was doing contract work on Wednesday when he was electrocuted while working on light fixture.

• Authorities said he fell about 18 feet to the ground.

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● Jersey City Medical Center in NJ● OSHA began inspection June 28.● A worker sustained an electrical shock while

changing an overhead ballast in a light fixture, fell approximately 6 feet off a ladder, and died from his injuries on July 17.

● The violations involved the medical center’s failure to ensure de-energized circuits were locked out, maintain an electrical lockout/tagout program, ensure that only qualified persons worked on live circuits, provide personal protective equipment, and ensure workers did not work on live parts.

June/July 2016

Proposed penalties for work-related death:

$174,593

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Dec 2013

Most common cause of electrician death is changing the 277 volt lighting ballast.

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Jan 2017

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Fuse Pulling

Worker died when shocked pulling out barrel fuse with pliers

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1926.417

1926.417(a)

Controls. Controls that are to be deactivated during the course of work on energized or deenergized equipment or circuits shall be tagged.

Title 29 CFR 1926 Subpart K addresses electrical safety requirements in construction work.

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1926.417

1926.417(b)

Equipment and circuits. Equipment or circuits that are deenergized shall be rendered inoperative and shall have tags attached at all points where such equipment or circuits can be energized.

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1926.417

1926.417(c)

Tags. Tags shall be placed to identify plainly the equipment or circuits being worked on

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Voltage Detectors

“Senses the steady state electrostatic field produced by AC voltage through insulation without requiring contact to the bare conductor.

A red glow at the tip and a beeping noise (if not switched OFF) indicates the presence of voltage.” - FLUKE

The detector will not work on dc

Workers must test for the absence of voltage.

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AC Voltage Detectors

Source: Fluke

Read the safety limitations from the tester mfr

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Sign Shock

Worker found unconscious taking out electric receptacle while still energized. Breakers were not locked out.

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1926.416(a)(3)Before work is begun the employer shall ascertain by inquiry or direct observation, or by instruments, whether any part of an energized electric power circuit, exposed or concealed, is so located that the performance of the work may bring any person, tool, or machine into physical or electrical contact with the electric power circuit.

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OSHA General Duty Clause

“Each employer shall furnish to each of his employees employment and a place of employment which are free from recognized hazards that are causing or are likely to cause death or serious physical harm to his employees.

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General DutyOSH ACT of 1970 Section (5)(a)(1): The employer did not furnish employment and a place of employment which was free from recognized hazards that were causing or likely to cause death or serious physical harm to employees in that employees were exposed to being struck by a moving elevator car: a) Atrium - Employees were standing on a two point suspension scaffold work platform, that extended in to the path of an elevator, while skimming a wall. The scaffold was struck by a moving elevator car that had not been de-energized by using appropriate lockout/tagout procedures causing injury, on of about 05/04/2016.

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General Duty - 2015(a) Jobsite: On or about January 8, 2015, the

company did not lockout nor tagout the Finn Bark Blower machine when employees removed the guard (cap) to the discharge pipe of the Finn Bark Blower machine. An employee was injured when he attempted to remove/clear material from the discharge area. In addition, employees were not given specific training in lockout/tagout procedures for the Finn Bark Blower machine (i.e. when they would remove guard (cap) to clear a jam from the discharge pipe). These conditions exposed employees to rotating or potentially rotating blades of the machine.

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2012…the employer has employees working with the drill set, such as removing the end cap in preparation of adding additional drill rods, without first ensuring procedures are in place to prevent the unexpected startup of the Vermeer D60x90 horizontal directional drill. Among other methods, feasible and acceptable methods of abatement are:

The employer shall have the employees trained on the remote lockout device that comes with the Vermeer D60x90 and as it is recommended in operators manual for the Vermeer D60x90, mandate the employees take and utilize the remote lockout device anytime they are on the far side of the drilling process and are going to handle the drill rods that are connected to the drill set.

If the remote lockout device is malfunctioning or will not communicate with the drill the employer shall have the exposed employees take the key from the machine with them to the far side of the drilling process while they are going to handle the drill rods that are connected to the drill set.

The workers were drawing pipe back through the hole they had bored, when one employee picked up a 60-inch pipe-wrench and attempted to remove the end cap off the 4-in. diameter pipe. Stored energy was released, spinning the pipe wrench with the pipe and striking the head of the employee. The employee suffered a fractured skull and was killed.

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General Duty - 2016(a) For employees exposed to potential caught in hazards

while servicing construction equipment, including but not limited to shoulder pavers. Parkston, South Dakota. Abatement Note: Among other methods, one feasible and acceptable method to correct this hazard is to develop and implement a lockout program such as that stipulated by ANSI Z244.1, Section 4 and 5, Lockout/Tagout of Energy Sources for Personal Protection. Essential elements of the lockout program would include:

1) Establishing written safety and rules and lockout procedures relating to working around moving equipment.

2) Provide safety and lockout training for all employees, including both maintenance and operational crews.

3) Provide each affected employee with locks keyed separately to ensure removal by only that employee.

4) Strictly enforce all provisions of the lockout program.

5) Periodically evaluate the program for effectiveness.

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ANSI Lockout Standard

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Hazard Control Hierarchy

Examples:Eliminate pinch points (increase

clearance)Intrinsically safe (energy containment)Automated material handling (robots,

conveyors, etc.)Redesign the process to eliminate or

reduce human interactionReduced energySubstitute less hazardous chemicals

Risk Reduction Measure: Elimination or Substitution

Classification: Design Out

Influence on Risk Factors:Impact on overall risk (elimination) by

affecting severity and probability of harm.

May affect severity of harm, frequency of exposure to the hazard under consideration, and/or the possibility of avoiding or limiting harm depending on which method of substitution is applied.

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Hazard Control Hierarchy

Examples:BarriersInterlocksPresence sensing devices (light curtains,

safety mats, area scanners, etc.)Two hand control and two-hand trip devices

Risk Reduction Measure: Guards, Safeguarding Devices

Classification: Engineering Controls

Influence on Risk Factors:Greatest impact on the probability of

harm (Occurrence of hazardous events under certain circumstances)

Minimal if any impact on severity of harm

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Hazard Control Hierarchy

Examples:Lights, beacons and strobesComputer warningsSigns and labelsBeepers, horns and sirens

Risk Reduction Measure: Awareness Devices

Classification: Administrative Controls

Influence on Risk Factors:Potential impact on the probability of

harm (avoidance)No impact on severity of harm

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Hazard Control Hierarchy

Examples:Safe work procedures

Safety equipment inspections

Training

Lockout/Tagout/Verify

Risk Reduction Measure: Training and Procedures

Classification: Administrative Controls

Influence on Risk Factors:Potential impact on the probability of

harm (avoidance)No impact on severity of harm

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Hazard Control Hierarchy

Examples:Safety glasses and face shieldsEar plugsGlovesProtective footwearRespirators

Risk Reduction Measure: Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Classification: Administrative Controls

Influence on Risk Factors:Potential impact on the probability of

harm (avoidance)No impact on severity of harm

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Provisions for Alternative Method Interruption

In situations in which alternative methods must be temporarily discontinued so that the machine or equipment may be energized to test or position the machine, equipment or component thereof, the following sequence of actions shall be followed:Clear the machine or equipment of tools and materials.Remove affected persons from the machine or equipment

area.Temporarily discontinue alternative methods.Provide a safe position for persons.Position the machine, equipment or process.Perform the task.When the hazardous energy is no longer needed, reapply

the alternative methods.

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Evaluating Alternative Methods

In evaluating an alternative method to lockout or tagout, the risk reduction measures that will comprise the alternative method shall be identified. Based on current analyses and best practices, alternative methods shall consist of the following parameters as applicable:

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Evaluating Alternative Methods• practicability/justification analysis (clause 8.2.1)• risk assessment based on the tasks being performed (clause 8.2.2)• industry best practices/methods (clause 8.2.3)• architecture/structure (clause 8.2.4)• using well-tried components (clause 8.2.5)• using well-tried designs (clause 8.2.6)• common cause failure (clause 8.2.7)• fault tolerance (clause 8.2.8)• exclusivity of control (clause 8.2.9)• tamper resistance (clause 8.2.10)• program to support (clause 8.2.11)• procedures in place (clause 8.2.12)• periodic checking and testing (clause 8.2.13)• review by a qualified person (clause 8.2.14)

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Some Accidents - Jan 2017

O’Fallon IL

He was working on the tire shown when it exploded in his face causing serious injuries.

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● Grand Lake Log Homes Inc in Granby, CO● Employee #1 was working for a manufacturer

of log cabins. ● Employees were making test cuts with a newly

assembled head saw. The saw had not been shut down during this activity.

● Following the first log cut, the trolley upon which the logs were moved toward the saw blade engaged and drove Employee #1 into the unguarded fifty-inch circular head saw blade.

● He sustained a laceration to his chest, and he was killed.

July 2006

OSHA Penalty: $14,850

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● Texas Sterling Construction in Porter, TX● Employee #1 was standing on the tail roller of a

belt conveyor to clear a blockage in the screw auger of a pug mill that was supplying cement from a silo.

● He was moving along the edge of the chute toward the side of the mill walkway facing the cement silo when he slipped and slid down the chute into the operating augers of the mill.

● He was crushed and killed by the east side auger. ● Lockout or machine guarding?

August 2007

OSHA Penalty: $19,000

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● Paso Robles, CA● Employees #1 and #2, experienced pipe layers, were

working inside a pipe inside an excavation.● According to statements, the employer was provided

evidence that a water line existed inside the excavation during a walk-through on a previous date.

● The excavator was stopped temporarily to investigate and then commenced while the employees were inside the excavation, resulting in an excavator rupturing the water line and filling the excavation and pipe where employees were working.

● Both employees drowned inside the pipe. One coworker escaped the excavation.

October 2008

OSHA Penalty: $140,000

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● Environmental Construction Inc in Wabash, IN● Employee #1 was retiring a 10 inch water line.

While using a 14 inch Stihl gas powered chop saw to cut the pipe, he caught his wrist between two pipes.

● The hydra-stop previously installed on the pipe failed and released water from the pipe filling the trench.

● Employee #1 died in the trench due to drowning. ● OSHA Penalty: $22,000 (repeat violation)

January 2009

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October 2016• Boston, MA• Two construction workers were killed when

a water line burst under a South End street, flooding the trench where they were working with a torrent of water that thwarted desperate attempts to save them.

• Workers cried out, “There’s two guys in the hole!” but the water came on too fast. The trench was between 12 to 15 feet deep.

• At least two people working in the trench managed to escape.

• Atlantic Drain Service Co has a lengthy history of serious safety violations dating back to 2012, and has faced tens of thousands of dollars in OSHA fines.

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● Myles Lorentz Inc in Lincoln, NE● Employee #1 was clearing partially frozen dirt and

mud from the mechanism of a Midland belly dump trailer, being pulled by a Mack tractor. When the clamshell closed, he was crushed and killed.

● Other drivers indicated that it was common to lock the engine idle on by setting the cruise control to maintain pressure and keep the clamshell open. They would then clean the trailer.

● The air valve should be turned off, the system air exhausted, and the gates locked in an open position.

December 2008

OSHA Penalty: $8400

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January 2015• Texas• Margarito Alvarez, 58, and two other

employees were replacing brakes on a backhoe.

• The backhoe unexpectedly turned on and went into gear, pinning Alvarez and crushing him to death.

Bulldozer and scraper blades, end-loader buckets, dump bodies, and similar equipment, shall be either fully lowered or blocked when being repaired or when not in use. All controls shall be in a neutral position, with the motors stopped and brakes set, unless work being performed requires otherwise. [Emphasis added.] May 11, 2005 OSHA

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● North Counties Development Corp in Ukiah, CA● Employee #1 was repairing a Caterpillar grader-

scraper. ● Employee #1 left the engine running so that he could

use the tractor’s hydraulics to elevate the 4,300 lb. apron.

● Employee #1 had his body located between the cutting edge and the bowl to conduct his visual inspection. The safety chain broke and the apron fell on his torso.

● The employer was cited for not blocking moveable parts, failing to establish an effective hazardous energy control procedures and training, and failing to use accident prevention tags or lockout methods.

April 2006

OSHA Penalty: $17,620

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● M & R Construction Co in Arkadelphia, AR● Employee #1 was operating a backhoe at a gravel

pit to load gravel into the bed of a dump truck. ● He exited the backhoe while it was running and

got beneath the front left wheel of the backhoe, presumably to make some type of repair. The backhoe fell and crushed Employee #1.

● Employee #1 was found lying with his right arm and a portion of his right chest and abdomen underneath the tire.

● A solenoid clutch cutout, part of the backhoe's gear mechanism, and fluid were on the ground adjacent to where Employee #1 was found.

September 2009

OSHA Penalty: $2500

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● Sioux City Engineering Co in Sioux City, IA● Employee #1 was working alone on a street repaving

project, conducting routine maintenance on a street paver machine.

● Lockout/tagout can be used on this machine, but Employee #1 did not utilize lockout/tagout.

● Greasing the augers is a job that normally requires two employees, one to grease and one to operate the controls that turn the auger on and off. Employee #1 performed this job alone.

● After two or three attempts to grease the auger, Employee #1 left the auger running while trying to grease it and his clothing was caught by the auger. Employee #1was pulled into the auger and was crushed.

July 2011

OSHA Penalty: $5000

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● JNS Management Inc in Phoenix, AZ● An employee of JNS Management, a

highway construction company, was working at a job site.

● He was caught between the excavator arm and the excavator. He was killed.

● The employer was cited for lockout/tagout violations (control of electrical energy).

● OSHA Penalty: $21,000

June 2012

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Sep 2016The 34-year-old man was injured about 4:20 p.m. in an accident in an elevator shaft at the building under construction in the 700 block of North Hudson Street, said

Office Kevin Quaid, a police spokesman.

The man suffered an amputation to his left arm, Quaid said.

Elevators should have a screen to prevent a shear point.

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April 2016

 A 42-year-old laborer leak testing joints inside a 54-inch round pipe suffered fatal blunt force injuries in October 2015, when an inflatable “bladder” ruptured at a Springfield IL waste-water treatment plant.

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Oct 2015

The man was testing equipment using pressurized air when an object struck him in the face, apparently killing him instantly, Fire Media Affairs Director Larry Langford said.

A source said the married, father of three was doing plumbing work on the fourth floor of a tower when something went “under pressure” and exploded.

900 S State

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Raised Dump Truck Bed• Event Date: 01/05/2010 • Employee #1 was attempting to

lower the bed of a detached dump trailer, which had become stuck in the upright position.

• The employee was working in between the trailer bed and frame when the bed fell, crushing the employee.

• Employee #2, who assisted employee #1 but was standing outside the caught between area, was also struck by the falling trailer bed but sustained only minor injuries.

• 34 M Fatality

Use physical stops to hold up in case of failure.

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Physical stops

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January 2014• 43-year-old Ronald L. Meier, of Maria Stein,

Ohio, was working on a skid loader when the bucket fell, pinning him between the loader and the bucket.

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1926.702(j)(1)

No employee shall be permitted to perform maintenance or repair activity on equipment (such as compressors, mixers, screens or pumps used for concrete and masonry construction activities) where the inadvertent operation of the equipment could occur and cause injury, unless all potentially hazardous energy sources have been locked out and tagged.

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Lockout/Tagout Procedures– Inspect to see if all shields and

guards are in place.

1926.702(j)(1)

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Issues?

13,000 volt electrical vault

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Lastly

Flooded out electrical vault