COTTON IN SUDAN

• Sudan is considered as one of the largest countries inAfrica, if not the largest one.

• Country total area is about 2.54 million squarekilometers.

• 80% of its population practice agriculture (rain fed orirrigated agriculture).

• Irrigated agriculture represents 20% of the totalcultivated area and produces the main portion of cotton.

Major Irrigation Schemes

Scheme Area in Hectares

Gezira 900,000

New Halfa 120.000

Rahad 160,000

EsSuki 40,000

locations Historical Background

Cotton was introduced first in Sudan in the year 1890 ineastern Sudan at Tokar Delta.

Then in the river Nile in Zaidab area in 1902.

In Gezira Scheme in 1925. This scheme is mainlyestablished to produce cotton for British factories inLancashire & Yorkshire in England.

Then later introduced in New halfa and Rahad schemesin 1964 and 1978 respectively.

Cotton is also practiced in rain fed and flooded areas as

well

It was supported by a far-sighted research program thatstarted in 1904.

Types of Varieties

ELS : Extra Long staple – Barakat 90

LS: Shambat – Nor

MS: Acala 67B

SS: Acrain

Areas (feddans) 1 feddan = 0.42ha

Season Gezira New Halfa Rahad Essuki Total

06/97 – 0/01 264 47 52 16 379

04/2005 326 50 50 25 451

05/2006 304 40 40 17 401

06/2007 240 38 54 21 353

Export (‘000 bales of Sudan Cotton1990 -2006)

Cotton Value (M$)

Cotton Area (‘000 feddans) Why decrease in cotton areas

Very low yield/hectare ranging from 450 – 550kg/ha.

High cost of production.

Sale prices are very low and fluctuating.

Agricultural inputs (fertilizers, etc…).

Unstable policies

Pest management difficulties.

Competition of other crops

Water control Some photos

Rabak Singa

Kassala

Kadugli

Gedaref

Ed Damer

El Obeid

Wad Medani

Ed Damazin

KhartoumJebel El-Aulia Dam

RoseiresDam

SennarDam

Khashm El-GirbaDam

Merowe Dam(under constuction)

E R I T R E A

E T H I O P I A

N O R T H E R N

N O R T H E R N

K O R D O F A N

R E D S E AN I L E

B L U E N I L EU P P E R

K A S S A L A

G E D A R E F

K H A R T O U M

S O U T H E R NK O R D O F A N

WH I T E N I L E

N I L E

S E N N A R

E L G E Z I R A

Nile

Nile

Roseires Reservoir

Whi

te Ni

leNile

Atbara

Rahad

DinderBlue

30o 35o

15o

100500 200 250150Kilometres

Lambert Azimuthal Equal-Area Projection

The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

Sources:SIM (Sudan Interagency Mapping); FAO; vmaplv0, gns, NIMA;

The Gateway to Astronaut Photography of Earth, NASA; various reports, maps and atlases; UN Cartographic Section.

4. Gash Delta

2. New Halfa3. Rahad

1. Gezira and ManagilIrrigated Agricultural Schemes

3. El-Mazmum4. El-Raheed5. El-Sharkia6. Dinder

1. Habila

Mechanized Agricultural Schemes(planned and unplanned)

2. El-Dali

5. Suki6. Tokar Delta

101’250 ha

152’280 ha121’500 ha

870’750 ha

35’235 ha30’780 ha

11. Kenana Sugar10. Khashm El-Girba

8. Assalaya Sugar9. Sennar Sugar

7. Gedaref8. Southern Kordofan9. White Nile

10. Upper Nile11. Blue Nile

7. Guneid Sugar

18’225 ha45’000 ha

14’175 ha12’960 ha

15’795 ha

1

6

2

7

3

4

5

11

8

9

1

23

4 5

6

7

Agricultural schemes boundaries are approximate.

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