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New York’s 57 counties (excluding New York City), 61 cities, 932 towns and 556 1 villages reported spending nearly $2.6 billion to maintain 187,000 highway lane miles in 2009. 2 Highway maintenance is one of the largest categories of expense for local governments, representing 7.6 percent of total local government expenditures. Nearly 80 percent of highway spending occurs at the town and county levels. Of the $2.6 billion spent on highways in 2009, $1.9 billion (72 percent) was related to administration and operations and $0.7 billion (28 percent) was attributable to capital spending. It is estimated that there are between 1,000 and 1,500 local government highway departments statewide that construct, repair and maintain roadways and walkways. 3 A recent study of shared services opportunities in Ulster County revealed that restructuring the provision of highway services presented the best prospect for potential savings. 4 Given the level of spending that occurs for the services these departments provide, and the number of different government entities currently providing them, greater sharing of highway services could generate significant cost-savings for local taxpayers. This may be especially true in the area of administrative efficiencies. Studies that have examined and measured the potential for savings through cooperative activities and shared services have generally identified savings of between two to five percent of total costs. If local officials focused on sharing the administrative components of their highway operations, savings of two to five percent could potentially produce taxpayer savings of $37 million to $93 million statewide. 5 The portion of highway spending upon which this savings figure is calculated excludes capital outlay. This exclusion recognizes that adequate and timely maintenance of local infrastructure is a fiscally prudent practice overall, regardless of which local government is responsible for the activity. NEW YORK STATE OFFICE OF THE STATE COMPTROLLER Division of Local Government and School Accountability Thomas P. DiNapoli • State Comptroller July 2011 Local Government Snapshot 27.7% 32.0% 38.6% 37.9% 24.3% 23.5% 40.8% 37.4% 48.0% 44.5% 20.6% 24.7% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% City County Town Village Equipment and Capital Personal Services and Employee Benefits Contractual Highway Expenditure Breakdown by Category, 2009 Local Government Spending on Highways $166 $498 $997 $203 $144 $363 $172 $50 $0 $200 $400 $600 $800 $1,000 $1,200 $1,400 City County Town Village Capital Expenditures All Other Expenditures $310 $860* $1,169 $254* Local Government Spending on Highways: 2009 Millions *Numbers do not match due to rounding

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NewYork’s57counties(excludingNewYorkCity),61cities,932townsand5561villagesreportedspendingnearly$2.6billiontomaintain187,000highwaylanemilesin2009.2Highwaymaintenanceisoneofthelargestcategoriesofexpenseforlocalgovernments,representing7.6percentoftotallocalgovernmentexpenditures.Nearly80percentofhighwayspendingoccursatthetownandcountylevels.

Of the $2.6 billion spent on highways in 2009,$1.9 billion (72 percent) was related toadministrationandoperationsand$0.7billion(28percent)wasattributabletocapitalspending.

It isestimatedthat therearebetween1,000and1,500 local government highway departmentsstatewide that construct, repair and maintainroadwaysandwalkways.3Arecentstudyofsharedservicesopportunities inUlsterCounty revealedthatrestructuringtheprovisionofhighwayservicespresentedthebestprospectforpotentialsavings.4

Given the level of spending that occurs for theservices these departments provide, and thenumberofdifferentgovernmententitiescurrentlyproviding them, greater sharing of highwayservicescouldgeneratesignificantcost-savingsforlocaltaxpayers.Thismaybeespeciallytrueintheareaofadministrativeefficiencies.

Studies that have examined and measuredthe potential for savings through cooperativeactivities and shared services have generallyidentifiedsavingsofbetweentwotofivepercentoftotalcosts.Iflocalofficialsfocusedonsharingthe administrative components of their highwayoperations, savings of two to five percent couldpotentiallyproducetaxpayersavingsof$37millionto$93millionstatewide.5

Theportionofhighwayspendinguponwhichthissavingsfigureiscalculatedexcludescapitaloutlay.Thisexclusionrecognizesthatadequateandtimelymaintenance of local infrastructure is a fiscallyprudentpracticeoverall,regardlessofwhichlocalgovernmentisresponsiblefortheactivity.

NEW YORK STATE OFFICE OF THE STATE COMPTROLLER

Di v i s i on o f L o ca l Gove rnmen t and S choo l A c coun tab i l i t y

Thomas P. DiNapoli • State Comptroller July 2011

Local Government Snapshot

27.7% 32.0%38.6% 37.9%

24.3%23.5%

40.8% 37.4%

48.0% 44.5%

20.6% 24.7%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

City County Town Village

Equipment and Capital

Personal Services and Employee Benefits

Contractual

Highway Expenditure Breakdown by Category, 2009

Local Government Spending on Highways

$166

$498

$997

$203

$144

$363

$172

$50

$0

$200

$400

$600

$800

$1,000

$1,200

$1,400

City County Town Village

Capital ExpendituresAll Other Expenditures

$310

$860*

$1,169

$254*

Local Government Spending on Highways: 2009

Millions

*Numbersdonotmatchduetorounding

Aggregate Costs of Highway Services

Thecostsofmaintaininghighwayscanvaryduetomanyfactors.Forexample,roadsthatcarrymoretrafficorthatarelocated in densely populated urbancenters may require more frequentplowingthanlesstraveled,ruralroads.Further, costs can fluctuate from yeartoyearaslocalgovernmentspurchaseexpensive equipment or embark oncapitalimprovementprojects.

Basedonaggregatehighwayspendingreportedin2009,theaveragestatewidecost of maintaining a lane mile was$13,841.Citiesandcountiestendtohavehighercostspermileofroadmaintained($21,966 and $20,260, respectively),followed by villages ($18,536), whiletownstendtospendtheleastperlanemile($9,985).[Appendix A]

GovernmentslocatedintheMid-HudsonandLongIslandRegionsspent$20,807and$20,492perlanemile,respectively,in2009.Thesegovernmentsmaintain26percentofcounty,city,townandvillageroadsstatewide,butaccountfornearly40 percent of total highway spending.Incontrast,SouthernTiergovernmentsspent $8,255 per lane mile, maintain14 percent of the municipal roadwaysacross the State, and are responsiblefor less than 9 percent of statewidehighwayexpenditures.

Basedonaggregatemunicipalhighwayspending in each county, the cost ofmaintaining a lane mile ranges from$35,504 in Westchester County to$5,634 in Lewis County, comparedto the statewide average of $13,841.However,WestchesterCountyreporteda large capital expenditure in 2009,inflatingthecountyper-lanemilecost.

AlleganyCattaraugusChautauqua

ErieWyoming

Genesee

Niagara Orleans

Monroe

Livingston

Ontario

Yates

Steuben

Schuyler

Chemung

Tompkins

Seneca

Wayne

Cayuga

Onondaga

Cortland

Tioga Broome

Chenango

Madison

Oneida

Oswego

Jefferson

Lewis

St. LawrenceFranklin

Clinton

Essex

WarrenHamilton

Herkimer

Fulton

Washington

Saratoga

Schenectady

Montgomery

SchoharieOtsego

Delaware

Rensselaer

Albany

Greene Columbia

Dutchess

Ulster

Sullivan

Orange Putnam

RocklandWestchester

Nassau

Suffolk

Aggregate Highway Expenditures Per Lane Mile

Less than $7,500 per mile

$7,500 - $10,000 per mile

$10,000 - $15,000 per mile

$15,000 - $20,000 per mile

More than $20,000 per mile

New York City

AlleganyCattaraugusChautauqua

ErieWyoming

Genesee

Niagara Orleans

Monroe

Livingston

Ontario

Yates

Steuben

Schuyler

Chemung

Tompkins

Seneca

Wayne

Cayuga

Onondaga

Cortland

Tioga Broome

Chenango

Madison

Oneida

Oswego

Jefferson

Lewis

St. LawrenceFranklin

Clinton

Essex

WarrenHamilton

Herkimer

Fulton

Washington

Saratoga

Schenectady

Montgomery

SchoharieOtsego

Delaware

Rensselaer

Albany

Greene Columbia

Dutchess

Ulster

Sullivan

Orange Putnam

RocklandWestchester

Nassau

Suffolk

Aggregate Highway Expenditures Per Capita

Less than $225 per capita

$225 - $300 per capita

$300 - $400 per capita

$400 - $600 per capita

More than $600 per capita

New York City

New Yo r k S t a t e O f f i c e o f t he S t a t e Comp t ro l l e r

Local Government Snapshot

The statewide average of highway spending percapita in 2009was $233,with counties reportingthe lowest spending per capita ($77) and citiesreportingthehighest($141).Percapitaspendingintownsandvillageswas$131and$134respectively.[Appendix B]

As one would expect, spending on a per capitabasis tends to behigher in rural regions, as therearefewerpeopletosupportthecostofmaintainingroads.CostspercapitaarehighestforresidentsintheNorthCountryRegion($361),whileresidentsinthe heavily populated Long IslandRegion pay theleast($165percapita).

Whenhighwayspendingisaggregatedatthecountylevelandbenchmarkedagainstthepopulationpayingfor thoseexpenses, theoverlappingpercapitacostranges from $678 inDelawareCounty to $148 percapita in more densely populated Monroe County,comparedtothestatewideaverageof$233.

Opportunities for Cost Savings

Given the nature of overlappinghighway service provision,manymunicipalitiesarealreadyrealizingsavingsthroughthesharingofservicesandequipment.Othermunicipalitieshavestructuredformalsharedserviceagreements,oftenwiththehelpoftheDepartmentofState’sadministrationoftheLocalGovernmentEfficiencyGrantProgram.Someexamplesofthetypesofsharingarrangementsandassociatedsavingsareprovidedonthefollowingpage.

To the extent that local officials can streamline the administrativeaspectsoftheiroperations,potentialsavingscouldbequitesubstantial.

Ulster County recently studied diminishing the role of the countyhighwaydepartmentbydecentralizingmostrelatedservicestothetown level.This typeof regionalapproachcouldsave theCountybetween$1millionand$7millionannually, orbetween2and15percentoftotalCountyhighwayspending.6Monroe,JeffersonandChemungCountyalreadyhaveorareintheprocessofdecentralizingtheCountyhighwayfunctiontotowns.

Highway Expenditures and Miles by Region

RegionPercent of Total

Expenditures Miles

Capital District 9.7% 11.3%

Central New York 7.6% 8.5%

Finger Lakes 9.9% 11.4%

Long Island 18.3% 12.4%

Mid-Hudson Region 21.2% 14.1%

Mohawk Valley 5.5% 6.9%

North Country 5.9% 9.6%

Southern Tier 8.5% 14.2%

Western New York 13.4% 11.7%

Cayuga County

In Cayuga County, each municipalgovernment, from the countydownto each city, town and village, hasa highway department – 34 in all.These governments spent nearly$30millionin2010tomaintain2,715lane miles of roadway. Attemptingto capitalize on efficiencies, somecountyandtownleadersinCayugaCountyareworkingtodevelopaplanto phase out the County HighwayDepartmentandtransferitsworktothetowns.

New Yo r k S t a t e O f f i c e o f t he S t a t e Comp t ro l l e r

Local Government Snapshot

Local Government Snapshot

New York State Office of the State ComptrollerDivision of Local Government and School Accountability110 State Street, 12th Floor • Albany, New York 12236

w w w . o s c . s t a t e . n y . u s July 2011

1 AsofJanuary1,2011,therewere555villagesinNewYork.TheVillageofLimestonedissolvedintotheTownofCarrollton.2 ExcludingNewYorkCityand itsboroughs; lanemilesare the lengthof roadway,multipliedby thenumberof lanes.Since roadmaintenance isrequiredofalllanesofaroadway,lanemileswereusedinthisanalysis.

3 According to OSC data, there are 1,048 highway superintendents in counties, cities, towns and villages, statewide. There are also anumber of departments (e.g., publicworks) thatmay be responsible for highways that are not included in this number. The LocalGovernmentCommission on Efficiency and Competitiveness estimated 1,500 highway departments, statewide, in its 2008 report on highway services(www.nyslocalgov.org/pdf/HighwayServices.pdf).

4 Drapkin,Jonathan.July2010.Intergovernmental Collaboration in Ulster County: An Action Plan for Moving Forward.5 Previousstudiesoncooperationhaveidentified2to5percentsavingsasareasonableexpectationforsharingofadministrativefunctions.Spendingoncapitaloutlaywasexcludedfromthesavingsestimate.Thisestimatedoesnottakeintoaccountsharedservicesthatmayalreadyexist.

6 Hattery,Michael. July 2010. Identifying Opportunities for Highway Service Cooperation.http://www.co.ulster.ny.us/municipalities/FINAL%20HIGHWAY%20Study%207-14.pdf.

Examples of Shared Highway Services and Projected SavingsParticipant A Participant B Participant C Shared Service Savings $

Broome County TownofChenango Sharedsaltstoragefacility BroomeCounty:$70,400annually

TownofChenango:$55,200annually

Cayuga County TownofSempronius

Purchaseofasharedsaltstoragefacilityandsharedhighwayservices

CayugaCounty:$89,265annuallyTownofSempronius:$6,845annually

Chautauqua County TownofEllicott Countywideconsolidationofhighway

surfacetreatments ChautauquaCounty:$532,800

Franklin County MunicipalitiesinFranklinCounty

MunicipalitieswillsharepavingequipmentwithFranklinCounty FranklinCounty:$80,402annually

Monroe County MunicipalitiesinMonroeCounty

MunicipalitieswillsharehighwayequipmentwithMonroeCounty MonroeCounty:$83,336annually

Ulster County TownofHardenburgh

TheCountycontractswiththeTowntoprovidewintermaintenanceonninemilesofCountyroadintheTownofDening.

Savingsnotknown

Wyoming County AllTownsWyomingCountyisintheprocessofconsolidatingallhighwaymaintenanceforitstowns

Savingsnotknown

City of Schenectady

SchenectadyCounty

TownsofNiskayunaandRotterdam

Municipalitieshaveagreedtopurchaseasharedsaltstoragefacility

TheCityofSchenectady:$26,400annuallyTownofRotterdam:$26,400annuallySchenectadyCounty:$173,000annually

Town of Clayton VillageofClayton

JeffersonCounty

TheTownandVillageshareajointhighwayfacility.TheTownandCountycooperateonroadandbridgemaintenancework,andtheTownprovidestheCountywithaccesstotoolsandequipment.

Savingsnotknown

Town of Montague TownofHarrisburg

TownofPinckney

LocatedinruralLewisCounty,thethreetownscooperativelypurchaseequipmenttoclearroadsidebrushanddebris.

TownofMontague:$11,455annuallyTownofHarrisburg:$11,455annuallyTownofPinckney:$11,455annually

Webster Central School District

VillageofWebster

TheSchoolDistrictandthevillagereceivedgrantmoneyforasharedfuelfacility.

WebsterCentralSchoolDistrict:$1,000VillageofWebster:$19,131

Highw

ay Exp

enditures Pe

r Lane

 Mile

, 200

9

Coun

tyCity Cost 

($)

Coun

ty Cost 

($)

Town Co

st 

($)

Village Cost 

($)

Aggregate 

Coun

ty Cost ($)

Coun

tyCity Cost 

($)

Coun

ty Cost 

($)

Town Co

st 

($)

Village Cost 

($)

Aggregate 

Coun

ty Cost ($)

Alban

y31

,665

        

38,179

          

10,657

        

20,439

        

19,959

              

Fulto

n14

,058

        

10,048

        

5,86

1          

12,216

        

8,16

0                

Columbia

15,916

        

‐7,76

4          

25,358

        

6,78

4                

Ham

ilton

‐18

,523

        

11,827

        

6,90

8          

13,872

              

Green

e‐

15,927

          

6,02

3          

6,12

7          

8,65

1                

Herkimer

32,821

        

13,221

        

8,56

9          

18,945

        

11,971

              

Rensselaer

19,580

        

10,049

          

7,21

8          

27,461

        

10,022

              

Mon

tgom

ery

15,189

        

13,981

        

8,72

1          

7,63

6          

11,756

              

Saratoga

11,900

        

17,187

          

9,76

3          

12,733

        

11,491

              

One

ida

11,847

        

19,889

        

7,71

3          

15,478

        

11,828

              

Sche

nectad

y22

,148

        

30,197

          

13,526

        

9,23

6          

20,183

              

Scho

harie

‐10

,129

        

5,64

5          

21,899

        

7,66

6                

Warren

5,63

6          

17,132

          

8,55

4          

32,468

        

10,652

              

Moh

awk Va

lley Re

gion

13,476

        

14,779

        

7,53

2          

15,229

        

10,897

              

Washing

ton

‐16

,484

          

3,88

8          

12,322

        

7,15

8                

Capital R

egion 

22,113

        

17,828

          

8,16

8          

15,779

      

11,902

            

Clinton

24,478

      

9,72

6          

5,32

8        

18,257

      

7,78

9              

Essex

‐14

,150

        

8,73

9          

36,094

        

11,189

              

Cayu

ga28

,720

        

8,13

9            

5,97

7          

11,469

        

8,58

5                

Fran

klin

‐18

,708

        

4,40

7          

18,457

        

8,62

1                

Cortland

25,970

        

15,503

          

6,09

4          

27,247

        

10,609

              

Jefferson

39,256

        

9,48

9          

7,10

9          

19,562

        

10,387

              

Mad

ison

16,101

        

13,205

          

5,63

3          

20,480

        

9,40

4                

Lewis

‐9,78

9          

4,30

1          

10,341

        

5,63

4                

Ono

ndaga

7,43

1          

28,781

          

11,864

        

20,857

        

16,566

              

St. Law

rence

16,549

        

17,327

        

4,44

5          

10,720

        

7,85

5                

Osw

ego

18,310

        

17,478

          

6,99

0          

10,039

        

11,216

              

North Cou

ntry Region

29,754

        

13,240

        

5,45

2          

16,155

        

8,53

0                

Central N

Y Re

gion

13,140

        

18,343

          

7,96

5          

18,809

      

12,310

            

Broo

me

15,494

        

12,272

        

9,29

2          

14,399

        

10,842

              

Gen

esee

32,370

        

15,225

          

9,13

4          

10,956

        

12,680

              

Chem

ung

21,120

        

13,799

        

5,13

9          

8,83

7          

9,55

5                

Living

ston

‐12

,275

          

6,16

1          

15,829

        

8,28

7                

Chen

ango

22,588

        

12,699

        

4,14

8          

16,278

        

6,55

4                

Mon

roe

10,034

        

19,608

          

18,266

        

21,536

        

16,997

              

Delaw

are

‐21

,260

        

5,75

8          

14,196

        

8,29

6                

Ontario

34,224

        

27,547

          

9,68

0          

17,129

        

14,761

              

Otsego

36,179

        

7,65

3          

5,07

9          

17,159

        

6,79

4                

Orlea

ns‐

8,35

5            

7,21

6          

12,018

        

7,98

1                

Schu

yler

‐11

,708

        

3,57

3          

13,399

        

5,80

9                

Sene

ca‐

11,534

          

4,88

7          

14,766

        

7,67

0                

Steu

ben

41,391

        

15,909

        

4,31

2          

14,482

        

8,84

0                

Wayne

‐9,44

1            

7,80

1          

13,702

        

8,86

4                

Tiog

a‐

17,314

        

5,06

7          

8,98

5          

7,08

6                

Wyo

ming

‐16

,769

          

7,05

5          

16,320

        

10,236

              

Tompk

ins

‐12

,348

        

7,29

0          

12,532

        

8,61

0                

Yates

‐6,99

7            

5,40

2          

23,024

        

6,61

5                

Southe

rn Tier Re

gion

21,884

        

13,590

        

5,48

6          

13,381

        

8,25

5                

Fing

er Lakes Region

13,906

        

15,283

          

10,188

        

16,319

      

12,121

            

Allegany

‐10

,877

        

4,15

3          

10,205

        

5,81

6                

Nassau

14,066

        

17,051

          

27,842

        

25,820

        

24,539

              

Cattarau

gus

19,408

        

25,470

        

5,52

4          

15,448

        

11,176

              

Suffolk

‐54

,626

          

14,454

        

15,270

        

17,876

              

Chau

tauq

ua23

,592

        

11,935

        

6,41

4          

14,510

        

9,93

4                

Long

 Island

 Region

14,066

        

31,191

          

18,169

        

22,030

      

20,492

            

Erie

44,582

      

23,178

        

19,314

      

20,336

      

25,328

            

Niagara

21,992

        

18,409

        

11,124

        

12,862

        

16,166

              

Dutchess

18,245

        

18,647

          

11,446

        

14,480

        

13,351

              

Western NY Re

gion

33,540

        

19,296

        

10,006

        

16,610

        

15,946

              

Orang

e13

,929

        

33,358

          

12,911

        

17,923

        

16,611

              

Putnam

‐36

,387

          

15,791

        

11,733

        

19,069

              

Statew

ide

21,966

        

20,260

        

9,98

5          

18,536

        

13,841

              

Rockland

‐47

,089

          

35,957

        

18,586

        

32,087

              

Sullivan

‐20

,488

          

8,06

0          

17,477

        

10,999

              

Ulster

17,204

        

20,864

          

9,01

3          

18,129

        

12,156

              

Westche

ster

26,831

        

242,28

3        

17,500

        

22,702

        

35,504

              

Mid‐Hud

son Re

gion

23,293

        

48,298

          

13,798

        

19,958

      

20,807

            

Ap

pen

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.

Highw

ay Exp

enditures Pe

r Ca

pita, 2

009

Coun

tyCity Cost 

($)

Coun

ty Cost 

($)

Town Co

st 

($)

Village Cost 

($)

Aggregate 

Coun

ty Cost ($)

Coun

tyCity Cost 

($)

Coun

ty Cost 

($)

Town Co

st 

($)

Village Cost 

($)

Aggregate 

Coun

ty Cost ($)

Alban

y19

4             

75               

122

             

147

             

237

                   

Fulto

n13

1             

53               

164

             

182

             

213

                   

Columbia

184

             

‐26

0             

249

             

276

                   

Ham

ilton

‐71

1             

850

             

484

             

1,59

2                

Green

e‐

170

             

164

             

76               

349

                   

Herkimer

343

             

246

             

168

             

147

             

485

                   

Rensselaer

137

             

43               

136

             

329

             

195

                   

Mon

tgom

ery

134

             

227

             

166

             

84               

400

                   

Saratoga

118

             

56               

136

             

135

             

201

                   

One

ida

105

             

103

             

145

             

145

             

248

                   

Sche

nectad

y14

5             

87               

102

             

60               

210

                   

Scho

harie

‐20

7             

226

             

169

             

480

                   

Warren

50               

130

             

232

             

533

             

332

                   

Moh

awk Va

lley Re

gion

121

             

145

             

174

             

143

             

327

                   

Washing

ton

‐14

9             

117

             

106

             

300

                   

Capital R

egion 

157

             

76               

144

             

146

             

236

                   

Clinton

159

             

85               

140

             

103

             

241

                   

Essex

‐26

8             

297

             

393

             

605

                   

Cayu

ga20

9             

105

             

161

             

102

             

293

                   

Fran

klin

‐19

8             

145

             

149

             

383

                   

Cortland

132

             

160

             

210

             

254

             

368

                   

Jefferson

293

             

86               

161

             

172

             

310

                   

Mad

ison

169

             

166

             

138

             

131

             

346

                   

Lewis

‐18

6             

293

             

95               

505

                   

Ono

ndaga

57               

105

             

97               

164

             

206

                   

St. Law

rence

146

             

183

             

167

             

83               

375

                   

Osw

ego

186

             

145

             

146

             

84               

307

                   

North Cou

ntry Region

220

             

147

             

180

             

131

             

361

                   

Central N

Y Re

gion

103

             

120

             

122

             

147

             

254

                   

Broo

me

110

             

43               

132

             

108

             

188

                   

Gen

esee

225

             

136

             

200

             

83               

353

                   

Chem

ung

194

             

77               

101

             

93               

221

                   

Living

ston

‐95

               

149

             

106

             

288

                   

Chen

ango

162

             

155

             

211

             

147

             

385

                   

Mon

roe

64               

40               

115

             

124

             

148

                   

Delaw

are

‐24

5             

385

             

167

             

678

                   

Ontario

221

             

125

             

222

             

155

             

365

                   

Otsego

240

             

118

             

259

             

208

             

398

                   

Orlea

ns‐

78               

134

             

95               

243

                   

Schu

yler

‐15

2             

172

             

222

             

379

                   

Sene

ca‐

107

             

103

             

122

             

257

                   

Steu

ben

446

             

223

             

212

             

153

             

511

                   

Wayne

‐84

               

145

             

156

             

270

                   

Tiog

a‐

98               

156

             

89               

273

                   

Wyo

ming

‐19

6             

212

             

148

             

459

                   

Tompk

ins

‐74

               

128

             

133

             

182

                   

Yates

‐10

3             

215

             

211

             

378

                   

Southe

rn Tier Re

gion

163

             

111

             

180

             

134

             

310

                   

Fing

er Lakes Region

90               

69               

140

             

129

             

216

                   

Allegany

‐15

3             

211

             

93               

395

                   

Nassau

69               

24               

96               

136

             

165

                   

Cattarau

gus

198

             

254

             

228

             

165

             

499

                   

Suffolk

‐42

               

110

             

160

             

166

                   

Chau

tauq

ua21

0             

99               

169

             

131

             

311

                   

Long

 Island

 Region

69               

34               

103

             

142

             

165

                   

Erie

223

             

63               

112

             

127

             

224

                   

Niagara

188

             

49               

124

             

107

             

207

                   

Dutchess

103

             

50               

134

             

122

             

187

                   

Western NY Re

gion

213

             

79               

132

             

126

             

251

                   

Orang

e98

               

54               

110

             

112

             

191

                   

Putnam

‐85

               

184

             

84               

273

                   

Statew

ide

141

             

77               

131

             

134

             

233

                   

Rockland

‐57

               

139

             

115

             

243

                   

Sullivan

‐20

9             

297

             

177

             

536

                   

Ulster

133

             

97               

159

             

114

             

262

                   

Westche

ster

111

             

105

             

98               

130

             

243

                   

Mid‐Hud

son Re

gion

110

             

85               

132

             

123

             

240

                   

Ap

pen

dix

B

*In

som

e in

stan

ces,

mun

icip

alit

ies

have

not

rep

orte

d fi

nanc

ial d

ata

to t

he O

ffic

e of

the

Stat

e Co

mpt

rolle

r pr

ior

to

publ

icat

ion.

Whi

le m

ost o

f the

mis

sing

dat

a is

from

sm

all t

owns

or

villa

ges,

mis

sing

dat

a fr

om C

olum

bia

Coun

ty in

th

e Ca

pita

l Reg

ion

and

the

City

of I

thac

a in

Tom

pkin

s Co

unty

in t

he S

outh

ern

Tier

cou

ld h

ave

a si

gnif

ican

t eff

ect o

n pe

r ca

pita

cal

cula

tion

s.

**H

amilt

on C

ount

y ha

s th

e hi

ghes

t per

cap

ita

cost

per

lane

mile

at $

1,59

2. H

owev

er, t

his

benc

hmar

k m

ay b

e m

isle

adin

g du

e to

the

larg

e nu

mbe

r of

sea

sona

l res

iden

ts w

ho a

re n

ot fa

ctor

ed in

to H

amilt

on C

ount

y’s

popu

lati

on.