LOBBYING REGULATION: IMPLEMENTATION IN A COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE

Yukihiko HamadaPublic Sector Integrity DivisionOECD

Trust in government is low

Source: Gallup World Poll

Regulation of lobbying is accelerating

Implementation What measures are considered effective? Incentives for compliance

There are generally no effective rewards for agreeing to comply with lobbyist codes of conduct

13%

32%

51%

4%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Yes, there are effectiverewards for agreeing tocomply with the code

Not really, there aresome benefits for

complying but they arenot compelling

No, there are noeffective rewards for

agreeing to comply withthe code

Don’t know

Source: OECD 2013 Survey on Lobbying for Lobbyists

Implementation What measures are considered effective? Sanctions

Are there compelling sanctions for breaching the lobbyist code of conduct?

38% 39%

12%

40%34%

18%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Yes, there areeffective penalties for

breaching the code

Not really, there aresome penalties but

they are notcompelling

No, there are nopenalties for

breaching the code

Lobbyists (2009)

Lobbyists (2013)

Source: OECD 2009 and 2013 Survey on Lobbying for Lobbyists

Revolving doorsAre there restrictions on public officials engaging in lobbying activities after they leave the government?

Source: OECD 2013 Survey on Lobbying Rules and Guidelines

Generally no restrictions are in place (e.g. a "cooling-off" period) to restrict legislators from engaging in lobbying activities after they leave Parliament

5% 5%

16%

74%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Yes, there arerestrictions but they

are too restrictive

Yes, there arerestrictions and they

are sufficientlyrestrictive

Yes, there arerestrictions but theyare not sufficiently

restrictive

No, there are norestrictions

Source: OECD 2013 Survey on Lobbying for legislators

Pre-public employment: OECD countries’ restrictions on lobbyists hired to fill regulatory or advisory posts in government

Source: OECD 2013 Survey on Lobbying Rules and Guidelines

Pre-public employment: There are generally no restrictions in place on lobbyists being hired to fill regulatory or advisory posts in government

3%12% 12%

46%

28%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Yes, there arerestrictions but

they are toorestrictive

Yes, there arerestrictions and

they aresufficientlyrestrictive

Yes, there arerestrictions but

they are notsufficientlyrestrictive

No, there are norestrictions

Don't know

Source: OECD 2013 Survey on Lobbying for lobbyists

Lobbying: Advisory group membership

Availability of information regarding advisory and expert groups

Source: OECD 2013 Survey on Lobbying Rules and Guidelines

Types of information that stakeholders believed should be made publicly available

Actors and types of communication that stakeholders believe should be covered by lobbying rules and guidelines

For the majority of lobbyists, it takes 30 minutes or less to register

For more information on OECD experience on

transparency and integrity in lobbying

www.oecd.org/gov/ethics

Thank you for your attention