Livestock Keepers’ RightsLivestock Keepers’ Rights

League for Pastoral Peoples and League for Pastoral Peoples and Endogenous Livestock DevelopmentEndogenous Livestock Development

History of History of Livestock Keepers’ RightsLivestock Keepers’ Rights

World Food Sovereignty Forum 2002World Food Sovereignty Forum 2002

Clarified in further meetingsClarified in further meetings“Karen Commitment” - 2003

Bellagio Brief - 2006

Regional Pastoralists Gathering in Yabello, Ethiopia - 2006

LIFE-Network Meeting in Sadri, India - 2007

LIFE-NetworkLIFE-NetworkNational-Level LIFE-Network WorkshopNational-Level LIFE-Network Workshop24-26 February, 200724-26 February, 2007&&International Workshop International Workshop Livestock Keepers and the Management of Animal Genetic Resources: Roles, Livestock Keepers and the Management of Animal Genetic Resources: Roles,

Rights, and ResponsibilitiesRights, and Responsibilities 26-28 February, 200726-28 February, 2007Workshop DocumentationWorkshop Documentation

www.lifeinitiative.org

# 1: Recognition of livestock # 1: Recognition of livestock keepers as keepers as creators creators of breeds of breeds and and custodianscustodians of Animal of Animal Genetic ResourcesGenetic Resources

LKR CornerstonesLKR Cornerstones

# 2: # 2: Recognition of the Recognition of the dependency of the sustainable dependency of the sustainable use of traditional breeds on use of traditional breeds on the conservation of their the conservation of their respective respective eco-systemseco-systems..

LKR CornerstonesLKR Cornerstones

LKR CornerstonesLKR Cornerstones

##3: 3: Recognition of Recognition of traditional breeds as traditional breeds as collective propertycollective property, products , products of indigenous knowledge of indigenous knowledge and cultural expression.and cultural expression.

LKR CornerstonesLKR Cornerstones

##4: 4: The right of the livestock The right of the livestock keepers to make keepers to make breeding breeding decisionsdecisions

LKR CornerstonesLKR Cornerstones

##5: 5: Right of livestock keepers Right of livestock keepers to to participate in policy participate in policy makingmaking on Animal Genetic on Animal Genetic Resources issues Resources issues

LKR CornerstonesLKR Cornerstones

#6: Support for training and #6: Support for training and capacity-buildingcapacity-building of of livestock keepers and livestock keepers and provision of services along provision of services along the food chain.the food chain.

LKR= „Bundle of Rights“LKR= „Bundle of Rights“

# 1: Recognition of livestock keepers as creators of breeds and # 1: Recognition of livestock keepers as creators of breeds and custodians of AnGRFAcustodians of AnGRFA# 2: # 2: Recognition of the dependency of the sustainable use of Recognition of the dependency of the sustainable use of traditional breeds on the conservation of their respective eco-traditional breeds on the conservation of their respective eco-systemssystems#3: #3: Recognition of traditional breeds as collective Recognition of traditional breeds as collective property, products of indigenous knowledge and cultural property, products of indigenous knowledge and cultural expression.expression.#4:The right of the livestock keepers to make breeding #4:The right of the livestock keepers to make breeding decisionsdecisions#5: #5: Right of livestock keepers to participate in policy making Right of livestock keepers to participate in policy making processes on AnGRFA issues processes on AnGRFA issues

#6: Support for training and capacity-building of livestock #6: Support for training and capacity-building of livestock keepers and provision of services along the food chain.keepers and provision of services along the food chain.

FAO International Technical Conference FAO International Technical Conference on Animal Genetic Resources on Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture for Food and Agriculture Interlaken, SwitzerlandInterlaken, Switzerland1-7 September 20071-7 September 2007

FAO International Technical Conference FAO International Technical Conference on Animal Genetic Resources on Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture for Food and Agriculture Interlaken, 1-7 September 2007Interlaken, 1-7 September 2007

ObjectivesObjectives

ConservationConservation

sustainable usesustainable use

fair and equitable sharing of fair and equitable sharing of benefits from the usebenefits from the use

FAO International Technical Conference FAO International Technical Conference on Animal Genetic Resources on Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture for Food and Agriculture Interlaken, 1-7 September 2007Interlaken, 1-7 September 2007

OutputsOutputs

Adoption of State of the Adoption of State of the World ReportWorld Report

Global Plan of ActionGlobal Plan of Action

Interlaken DeclarationInterlaken Declaration

Global Plan of ActionGlobal Plan of Action

Main issues (1)Main issues (1)

„„Livestock Keepers‘ Rights“ not Livestock Keepers‘ Rights“ not mentionedmentioned

Intellectual Property Rights make no Intellectual Property Rights make no distinction between patents and others, distinction between patents and others, e.g. geographic indicatione.g. geographic indication

Global Plan of ActionGlobal Plan of Action

Main issues (2)Main issues (2)

Incentives for conservation are Incentives for conservation are contentious because trade-distortingcontentious because trade-distorting

Incentives for industrial production are Incentives for industrial production are not addressed although trade-distortingnot addressed although trade-distorting

Global Plan of ActionGlobal Plan of Action

Main issues (3)Main issues (3)

Financing is contentiousFinancing is contentious

Global Plan of ActionGlobal Plan of ActionPastoralists mentioned 14 times! Pastoralists mentioned 14 times!

Aim 4:Aim 4:„to meet the needs of pastoralists and farmers,

individually and collectively, within the framework of national law, to have non-discriminatory access to the genetic material, information, technologies, financial resources, research results, marketing systems, and natural resources, so that they may continue to manage and improve animal genetic resources, and benefit from economic development;“

Global Plan of ActionGlobal Plan of ActionRecommended Recommended actionsactions on on

training and technical support for the breeding activities of pastoralist and farming communities;Integrate agro-ecosystem approaches in national agricultural and environmental policies and programmes of relevance to animal genetic resources, where appropriate, particularly those directed towards pastoralist and rural small-holder communities, and fragile environments.

Interlaken declaration, para 12Interlaken declaration, para 12 We recognize that access to, and the sharing of both,

genetic resources and technologies, are essential for meeting world food security and the needs of the growing world population, and must be facilitated. Access to and transfer of technology, including that protected by intellectual property rights, to developing countries, in particular least developed countries, and countries with economies in transition, shall be provided and/or facilitated under fair and most favourable terms, in particular in the case of technologies for use in conservation as well as technologies for the benefit of farmers, pastoralists and animal breeders in developing countries, especially in least developed countries, and countries with economies in transition, including on concessional and preferential terms where mutually agreed, inter alia, through partnerships in research and development. Such access and transfer shall be provided on terms that recognize and are consistent with the adequate and effective protection of intellectual property rights.

Patents on animals?Patents on animals?

www.no-patents-on-seeds.org

Industrial production systemsIndustrial production systems

Globally,Globally,

one third of pigs one third of pigs

50% of eggs50% of eggs

two thirds of milktwo thirds of milk

75% of broilers75% of broilers

are produced with industrial breedsare produced with industrial breeds

Who are livestock keeping Who are livestock keeping communities?communities?

70% of the world‘s poor keep 70% of the world‘s poor keep livestocklivestock

640 million smallholder 640 million smallholder livestock keepers livestock keepers

190 million pastoralists190 million pastoralists

(FAO)(FAO)

Economic importance of Economic importance of African indigenous breeds African indigenous breeds

In Southern Africa, the livestock In Southern Africa, the livestock sector contributes 38% of GDP – sector contributes 38% of GDP – not even including subsistence not even including subsistence economy, drought power and economy, drought power and manuremanure

Sheep, goat, pig and poultry Sheep, goat, pig and poultry almost 100 % indigenous almost 100 % indigenous

Cattle: 50-99% indigenous breedsCattle: 50-99% indigenous breeds

Examples: Nguni cattle, Lesotho Examples: Nguni cattle, Lesotho pony, Tswana sheep, Boer goatpony, Tswana sheep, Boer goat

Smallholder pig farmersSmallholder pig farmers

Some use industrial breeds Some use industrial breeds Some give upSome give upNiche marketsNiche marketsGlobalization is much faster than the Globalization is much faster than the European or US concentration processEuropean or US concentration process

Bangkok Post , 9 May 2007

Concentration in genetics industryConcentration in genetics industrynote: Erich Wesjohann Group, not Paul-Heinz Wesjohann Group note: Erich Wesjohann Group, not Paul-Heinz Wesjohann Group

(PHW)(PHW)

Layer hens:Layer hens:

BroilersBroilers

TurkeyTurkey

Concentration in genetics industryConcentration in genetics industry

PIC: World‘s largest pig breeder

+

ABS: World‘s largest cattle breeder

+

Sygen: World‘s largest shrimp breeder

=

Genus plc

Monsanto‘s livestock businessMonsanto‘s livestock business

Cattle: Cattle:

sorted semen Decisive™

performance evaluation in 170 US dairies

Pig: Pig: Closed herd system

Access to pig genome through Metamorphix

Patent applications in 160 countries

Concentration in genetics industryConcentration in genetics industry

MONSANTO

pigs

CARGILL

cattle

HUBBARD(Grimaud Group)

poultry

METAMORPHIX

buys Celera in 2002 and thus gainsaccess to proprietary genome data on

cattle, pigs and chicken.

Metamorphix then enters exclusive license contracts with

major genetics companies.

CELERA

Craig Venter's company analyse the human genome

and the genome of cattle, pigs and chicken.

A SPIDER IN THE LIVESTOCK GENOMICS WEB

WILLMAR

poultry

MAIN GENETICS COMPANIESIN GLOBAL LIVESTOCK BREEDING

PIGTURE GROUP (NL)Pig Breeder's Co-operative

KOEPON HOLDING(NL)

NUTRECO(NL)

Europe' s largest feed producer

breeding division: Euribrid

GENUS (UK)

world's largest animal genetics

company PIC

world's first in pig genetics

ABSworld's largestcattle breeder

CATTLE

PIG

POULTRY

Mother companySubsidiary

TOPIGSworld's third in pig

genetics

MONSANTO (US)world's first in GMO seeds

SEMEX(CAN)

ALTA Geneticssecond in cattle

DANSIRE(DK) PHW (D)

world market leader in poultry genetics (white egg layers,

broilers and turkeys)

GRIMAUD Group (F) second in avian genetics

AVIAGENmarket leader in

broilers and turkeys

HENDRIX GENETICS(NL)world's first in brown egg layers

HYPORworld's second in pig

HYBROworld's fourth in broilers

HYBRID world's second in turkey

TYSON (US)world's largest processor of chicken and red meat

PIGS-OnlineCOBB-

VANTRESS

HUBBARD

Livestock Genetics CompaniesConcentration and proprietary strategiesof an emerging power in the global food economySusanne Gura

Liga für Hirtenvölker und Nachhaltige Viehwirtschaft e.V.

League for Pastoral Peoples and Endogenous Livestock Development

EU 7th Research Framework ProgrammeEU 7th Research Framework Programme

Knowledge Based Bio-EconomyKnowledge Based Bio-Economy

55 billion € over 7 years55 billion € over 7 years

7 themes, incl. Livestock biotechnology7 themes, incl. Livestock biotechnology

Farm Animal Breeding and Reproduction European Technology Platform Farm Animal Breeding and Reproduction European Technology Platform