Assignment

On

Course code:-PGS-502

Course title:-communication skill and technical

writing

Credit hour:-1(0+1)

College of agriculture,OUAT

BBSR

Litchi (queen of subtropical fruits/fruit of high

commerce.)

Litchi is famous for its excellent quality, pleasant aroma juicy pulp(aril) with

attractive red colour.

Although litchi is likely very much as table purpose, dried and canned litchi are also

popular.

Litchi is rich source of vitamin-c(40-90mg/100gm) and Ca(0.21%).

Rich in anthocyanin(red colour skin)

Organic acid:-Mallic acid(80%)

The fruit consist of 60%(juice), 8%(rag), 19%(seed), 13%(skin).

Botanical description

Litchi is most important subtropical, evergreen

luscious fruit tree.

B.N-Litchi chinensis

Related species-rambhutan and longan.

Family-sapindaceae

2n-(2X)-30

Origin place:-south china

Longan fruitRambhutan litchi

3 fruits having same family

Area and production of litchi

Fruit reach in india in 17th century.

Largest producer(in world)-china(1st), India(2nd)

In India:-Bihar(area, production, productivity),W.B,Assam

Production-92000tonn.

Export-2000tonn.

Data collected from NHB,2011-12

Different parts of litchi

Litchi plantRoots of litchi

Seed of litchi

Fruit of

litchi

Flower of litchi

leaves

Climate

Grows well in moist atmosphere

TEMPERETURE

a) For growth-30 degree Celsius

b) During flowering and fruit dev-21 degree Celsius.

c) Wet spring, dry summer, light winter is desirable.

soil

Fairly deep, well drained,loam soil rich in organic matter-

best soil

Soil type-sandy loam or clay loam

pH-5.5-7

Soil testing should be done first(pH and nutrient analysis).

High lime require for good litchi cultivation

propagation

Seed propagated-7-12 years for bearing

Vegetatively propagation-Air layering(common and

easiest) on 1 year old shoot.

Root stock-Litchi philippiensis.

Appropriate time for propagation-july to October.

IBA@200ppm is used –effective rooting in air layering.

Other method of propagation-Stooling, apical grafting,

approach grafting, and shield budding.

Process of air layer in litchi

cultivation

Pit size-1mx1mx1m.

Planting system- squre system

Spacing -10x10m(normal)

7.5x7.5m(need protection against frost and wind)

Mixture of FYM(20-25kg),boan meal(2kg), sulphate and potash(400gm)

recommended during planting

Note:-new plants should be inoculated with mycorhizal fungi.

Inter-cultural operation

Tree’s age N (g) P (g) K (g/tree)

(Years)

1 75 25 75

2 100 25 100

3 150 50 150

4 250 75 250

5 250 75 250

6 years & above 600 200 250

Fertilizer application in litchi

Irrigation:-drippers or micro sprinklers.

a) from flowering to completion of the post-harvest flush.

b) duration-7 to 10 day intervals from panicle emergence to fruit

harvest or until the post-harvest flush appears.

Weed control:-be controlled by mulching, chipping and spot-spraying

with herbicides

(Use glyphosate at 5 to 10 ml/litre or paraquat at 1 to 6 ml@/litre plus a

wetter at 1,25 ml@ per litre to control grasses and broadleaf weeds.)

-Others:-mulching, mixed cropping, inter-cropping,etc.

Training: making a good shape and strong frame work by

removing dead and diseased branch and shoot.

Prunning:-improve the yield and quality of fruits.

Girdling: The Indian farmer may girdle the branches or trunk of

his lychee trees in September to enhance flowering and fruiting.

Note:-In India pruning occurs indirectly when a part of the shoot

bearing the cluster of fruit is removed during harvesting.

Acti

vit

ies

January

Febru

ary

Marc

h

Apri

l

May

June

July

August

Septe

mber

Octo

ber

Novem

ber

Decem

ber

Soil sampling

Soil preparation

Planting

Fertilisation

Irrigation

Pest control

Disease control

Maturity index

Maturity index:-colour change to deep red

flattened of tubercles

smoothening of epicarp

Stages of maturity

Harvesting

Harvesting time:-May-june.

Maturation time:-50-60 days

Litchi is non climatric fruit.

Harvesting style:-bunch along with a portion of the branch

and a few leaf.

Yield and storage

80-150 kg fruits/tree.

Storage temp:-0-1 degree celcious with 80-85%RH.

Stogae life:-3-4 weeks.

Grade used in litchi:-extra class, grade-I,grade-ii.

Pest of litchi

s.r no Disease name Causal organism symptom management

1 Fruit fly Bactocera dorsalis 5 gm. trichloroform

with 10 ltrs of

water

2 Fruit borer Cryptophlebia

illepida

fenvolarate @

0.01%

3 Eriophide mite Acaria litchi Pruning and apply

spinosyn.

4 Bark eating

caterpillar

Inderbella tetragonis Plugging the hole

with formalin

5 Red rust algae Sulphur spray 3

times in autumn

and spring.

Physiological disorder of litchi

s.R no Disorder name Causing by symptom management

1 Little leaf Zn deficiency Aplly ZnSo4

2 Fruit crack Excess water with high

temperature

Irrigate properly

3 Chicken tongue Embryo abortion Properly pollinate

the plant

4 Sun burn Direct exposure of sun light Practice of sod

culture

Uses of litchi fruit

Future thrust

Hybrid should be developed against different pest and

physiological disorder

Tissue culture should be adopt for commercial plant

production

HDP should be adopted for getting more yield per unit

area

Subsidy should be provided for cultivation

Cold storage facility require for keeping the produce

Easy market and export market should be develop for this

unique crop