Listening StrategiesListening Strategies

Overcoming Listening Barriers or Noise

Useful Listening Tips

A. Employing Strategies to get the most Out of Listening Memory strategies: used for storage of

information (Oxford, 1990) learn and retrieve information in an orderly string (e.g.,

acronyms) create learning and retrieval via sounds (e.g., rhyming) images (e.g., a mental picture of the word itself or the

meaning of the word) body movement (e.g., total physical response) mechanical means (e.g., flashcards) location (e.g., on a page or blackboard)

Useful Listening Tips

A. Employing Strategies to get the most Out of Listening Cognitive Strategies: to understand the

linguistic input and get knowledge (Holden, 2004)

- Cited by Flowerdew and Miller (2005)Informed guessing be inferring from cluesPredicting what is to follow by establishing connection among the ideas he presentsGetting the objective of the speaker by noting what is repeated and what he mentions to support itTaking down notes to come up with a summary or concept map of the ideas presented

Useful Listening Tips

A. Employing Strategies to get the most Out of Listening Compensatory strategies: employ an

alternative method to reach comprehensability (Bialystok, 1981; Corder, 1983)

Context clues Synonyms Elaborating on what was said Using one’s own personal knowledge and

experiences as support

Useful Listening Tips

A. Employing Strategies to get the most Out of Listening Metacognitive strategies: to plan, monitor, and

evaluate their listening They plan by deciding which listening strategies

will serve best in a particular situation. They monitor their comprehension and the

effectiveness of the selected strategies. They evaluate by determining whether they have

achieved their listening comprehension goals and whether the combination of listening strategies selected was an effective one.

Useful Listening Tips

A. Employing Strategies to get the most Out of Listening Affective strategies: concerned with the

learner's emotional requirements such as confidence

Lowering your anxiety Encouraging yourself Taking your emotional temperature

Useful Listening Tips

A. Employing Strategies to get the most Out of Listening Social strategies: increase interaction

Asking questions Cooperating with others Empathizing with others

Useful Listening Tips

Noting the stages in the Listening Process TQLR

TUNE IN Determine the speaker's topic and recall what you may already know

about the topic. QUESTION

Raise mental questions concerning the topic that you expect to talk over

Continue the listening process by asking questions in your mind such as: "What point is the speaker making?", "What devices for support is he/she using?"

QUESTION

Useful Listening Tips

Noting the stages in the Listening Process TQLR

LISTEN This part of the process includes determining the

basic message and answering the questions being raised during the total process.

RECALL Evaluate the message against your questions, fit

ideas together, summarize ideas, and evaluate the meaning and impact of the message based on your circumstances.

Some Dos and Don’ts in Listening

Prejudging

Some Dos and Don’ts in Listening

Assuming

Some Dos and Don’ts in Listening

Entertaining private agenda

Some Dos and Don’ts in Listening

Selective listening

Some Dos and Don’ts in Listening

Getting so focused on details

Some Dos and Don’ts in Listening

Adopting a passive physical response

Some Dos and Don’ts in Listening

Showing defensive physical posture

Some Dos and Don’ts in Listening

Getting more focused on the speaker than the message

Some Dos and Don’ts in Listening

Faking attention

Some Dos and Don’ts in Listening

4PNCR P1: determining your purpose for listening to the

talk P2: determining the speaker’s purpose or

objective P3: single out the topic and what the speaker is

asserting about it and the main and supporting points

P4: showing positive non-verbal feedback N: taking down notes C: listening to the conclusion R: recalling/reviewing information

Ten keys to effective listening

Find areas of interest.The Poor Listener: Tunes out dry topics.The Good Listener: Seizes opportunities: "What's in it for me?"

Judge content, not delivery.The Poor Listener: Tunes out if delivery is poor.The Good Listener: Judges content, skips over delivery errors.

Hold your fire.The Poor Listener: Tends to enter into argument.The Good Listener: Doesn't judge until comprehension is complete.

Listen for ideas.The Poor Listener: Listens for facts.The Good Listener: Listens for central theme.

Be a flexible note taker.The Poor Listener: Is busy with form, misses content.The Good Listener: Adjusts to topic and organizational pattern.

Ten keys to effective listeningcontinued

Work at listening.The Poor Listener: Shows no energy output, fakes attentionThe Good Listener: Works hard; exhibits alertness.

Resist distractions.The Poor Listener: Is distracted easily.The Good Listener: Fights or avoids distractions; tolerates bad habits in others; knows how to concentrate.

Exercise your mind.The Poor Listener: Resists difficult material; seeks light, recreational material.The Good Listener: Uses heavier material as exercise for the mind.

Keep your mind open.The Poor Listener: Reacts to emotional words.The Good Listener: Interprets emotional words; does not get hung up on them.

Thought is faster than speech; use it.The Poor Listener: Tends to daydream with slow speakers.The Good Listener: Challenges, anticipates, mentally summarizes, weights the evidence, listens between the lines to tone and voice.

Sources:

Contextualizing Oral Communication http://web.ntpu.edu.tw/~language/workshop/read2.pdf https://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/article/compensation-

strategies http://www.academypublication.com/issues/past/tpls/

vol02/04/28.pdf http://www.kagawa-u.ac.jp/high- edu/journal_8_6.pdf http://www.nova.edu/yoursuccess/pdf/

keys_good_listening.pdf