Kamal Abdurahman

Group:B

2/25/2015

2015

Liquid Permeability

Supervised By : Mr.Ali Kamal Ms.Sana Mr.Hewa

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

SCHOOL OF PETROLEUM AND CHEMICAL

DRILLING ENGIEERING LAB

Contents

1 -Aim.

2 -Theory.

3 -Apparatus.

4 -Procedure.

5-Calculation.

6 -discussion .

7 -references.

Aim of experiment:

In this test we are determined the permeability of a core sample by used the water (brine).

INTRODUCTION

The Liquid Perm is an instrument dedicated for routine core

analysis.

Two pressure control valves of respective range of 0-30 and 0-

100 psig are used to sense gas (air or nitrogen) pressure in a

vessel initially filled water (brine). The gas pressure transfers

water into the sample at constant pressure. The flow out is

determined by measuring time to fill a graduated flask (flasks

provided: 10 cc, 50cc and 100cc). After reporting the sample

diameter and length, the flow measured and the upstream

pressure in a template XLS file, the permeability is calculated

from Darcy’s law. Confining pressures up to 400 psig can be

applied to the cores, and displayed on the Gas perm console.

Apparatus of experiment

Liquid permeability de

vice

PROCEDURE

1- Connect to main supply and power up the instrument at main

switch on the rear panel. The pressure transducers require a

“warm up” period of about one hour before use.

2- Switch the source valve ON / OFF to OFF position.

3- Ensure that regulators are fully turned anticlockwise initially .

4- Connect two regulated nitrogen supply to the appropriate

ports on the rear of the instrument, i.e. confining pressure

supply at valve PRESSURE / VENT (1/8”OD) and core nitrogen

supply at valve ON / OFF (1/8 “ OD).

5- Load the core holder. Different core holders are available for

sample dia. of 1”, 1 ½”, 30 mm etc.

6- Regulate confining pressure supply to desired value without

exceeding 400 psi.

7- Regulate core nitrogen supply without exceeding 100 psi.

8- Turn confining valve PRESSURE / VENT to PRESSURE.

Gas at desired pressure is now applied to the core holder

sleeve. This pressure is now displayed on confining pressure

gauge.

9- Prime the system by filling the dead volume with brine by

proceeding without core in place at first step (confining

pressure should NOT be applied)

10- Ensure that regulators are fully turned anticlockwise initially.

11- Install a beaker the outlet of the core holder.

12- For a core of unknown permeability, select initially the LOW

pressure regulator range.

13- Switch source valve ON / OFF to ON. Slowly increase

regulator to obtain desired liquid flow or test pressure.

14- Let the flow stabilize, then place the graduated flask at the

outlet of the core and start the stopwatch. Stop the watch as

soon as the water level reaches the graduation

DISCUSSION

*The benefit of this test:

In this test we are determined the absolute permeability of this

core sample, but in this test only determined the permeability of

water that invasions to this core sample.

*In this test we used the two bettle of gas:

1-Confining pressure range (100-400)psi. that pressure used to

pressed(compression) the core sample.

2-N2 gas by this bottle used to compressed the water in

reservoir to go to the device.

*There are three valves and two regulator.

* This test based on the darcy law .but there are some leakage

(pore) to go the gas to out the device.

*In this test the temperature no effect to the test but the

pressure have a high effect on the test.

*In this test we have a flask volume, when the pressure

stabilized take the flask fill by water and we recorded the time

and after that input all the data number to the

software(computer) and record the permeability.

Warning

Operation and maintenance may only be carried out after all

necessary steps have been taken to ensure the safety of

people and equipment.

Any doubt must be resolved before performing a test or

maintenance.

It is very important to provide the required installation

environment, in agreement with the local legislation.

Due to the specification of the equipment, it is recommended to

ensure that only authorized and sufficiently trained and

experienced staff may operate the installation.

These concerns to all:

� Operators

� Technical staff (electrician, chemist...)

� Employees

� Non employees (visitors and contract personnel)

� Room maintenance staff, etc

Reference

http://www.malvern.com/en/products/measurement-type/ premeability /default.aspx

Jiao, D. and M.M. Sharma, “steady state,” Journal of Colloidal and Interfacial Science, 1994. 162:p. 454-462.

http://www.glossary. premeability .slb.com/en/Terms/m/mudcake.aspx

Fisk, J.V., and Jamison, D.E., "Physical Properties of Rock at High Temperatures and Pressures," SPE Drilling Engineering, December 1989, pp. 341-46.

Note

If on increasing pressure with LOW pressure regulator, the

maximum pressure is obtained without generating any

significant flow through the core, switch the HIGH regulator on.

As an example we have plotted the permeability for a core of

dia. 1” and length 3 inch as a function of required time to fill the

flask 10cc and 100 cc respectively. The upstream pressure is

varied from 1 to 100 psi and the flow duration is from 1 minute

to 60 minutes.

6. Report file operation

Copy the template XLS report file into [Your Name]. xls (for

instance Monday.xls).

Open Monday.xls.

Define the samples information

In your working file, type the sample name, dimensions of the

plugs, confining pressure and temperature. Dimensions of the

plugs are involved in calculation. The sample name, confining

pressure and temperature is for information only. Adjust the

viscosity as per the temperature (default value is set to 1cp)

When all information is entered, run the experiment.

Note

Operator can edit cells in yellow color.

Do not attempt to edit cells in orange color that may contain

formula.

Report the experiment data

Type the volume of the flask used (10, 50 or 100cc). Type the

time elapsed to fill the flask in minute (column F) and second

(column G). For an exact time of 2 minutes, type 2 and 0

respectively at column F and G (it is important to type the value

of second whenever it is null. Type the pressure across the

core read from the display of upstream pressure.

Read the permeability

When all necessary data is typed, the permeability is calculated

in mD at column J.