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Linkages Between Changes in Land Use, Land Degradation and Biodiversity in S.W. Uganda

Part 2: Appendices

The Land Use Change, Impacts and Dynamics Project Working Paper Number: 12

By

Derek Pomeroy (MUIENR) Joy Tukahirwa (Ecotrust)

Samuel Mugisha (MUIENR) Robinah Nanyunja (MUIENR)

Mary Namaganda (National Herbarium) Nathan Chelimo (MUIENR)

Makerere University

Institute of Environment and Natural Resources P. O Box 7298

Kampala, Uganda

December 2003

Copyright © 2003 International Livestock Research Institute, UNEP-GEF and Makerere University

Internation

Address Correspondence to: LUCID Project

al Livestock Research Institute P.O. Box 30709 Nairobi, Kenya

E-mail: [email protected] Tel. +254-2-630743

Fax. +254-2-631481/ 631499

APPENDIX 1. Plant records from the study areas compared to the list for Lake Mburo National Park (MUIENR 2002). Life forms (column LF) indicates single-stemmed trees (T), multi-stemmed shrubs (S) and herbs (H). Many of the herb species in cultivated areas are either crops (C) or weeds (W). Only those which were not recorded in LMNP - i.e., ones not local to the area - are indicated as weeds, with the exception of Bidens pilosa and the small shrub Solanum incanum which occur along park tracks.

LMNP Sango Bay area Lake Mburo area Rubaale

SPECIES LF C/W Woo

dlan

d

Gra

ssla

nd

Cul

tivat

ion

Woo

dlan

d

Gra

ssla

nd

Cul

tivat

ion

Gra

ssla

nd

Cul

tivat

ion

Abildgaardia ovata H 1 1 Abutilon grandiflora S 1 Abutilon mauritianum S 1 1 Acacia albida T 1 Acacia gerrardii T 1 1 Acacia hockii T 1 1 Acacia kirkii T 1 Acacia polycantha T 1 Acacia sieberiana T 1 1 Acalypha benguelensis S 1 Acalypha bipartita S 1 1 Acalypha crenata H 1 Acalypha neptunica S 1 Achyranthes aspera H 1 1 1 1 1 1 Acroceras zizaniodes H 1 Aeolanthus repens H 1 Aerva lanata H 1 1 Aerva leucantha H 1 Aeschynomene abyssinica H 1 Aframomum angustifolium H 1 Ageratum conyzoides H 1 1 1 1 1 Albizia adianthifolia T 1 Albizia coriaria T 1 Albizia gummifera T 1 Albizia zygia T 1 Alchornea cordifolia T 1 Allophylus abyssinicus S 1 1 1 Allophylus pseudopaniculatus S 1 Alternanthera sessilis H 1 Alysicarpus glumaceus H 1 1 Amaranthus dubius H C 1 Amaranthus graecizans H C 1 Amaranthus hybridus H C 1 Ammocharis tinneana H 1 Ananas sativa H C 1 Andropogon canaliculatus H 1 1 Andropogon schirensis H 1 1 1

LUCID Working Paper 12 23


LF C/W Woo

dlan

d

Cul

tivat

ion

Woo

dlan

d

Gra

ssla

nd

Cul

tivat

ion

Gra

ssla

nd

Cul

tivat

ion

Aningeria altissima T 1 Anthericum cameroni H 1 Anthericum subpetiolatum H 1 Apodytes dimidiata T 1 Arachis hypogea H C 1 Argomuellera macrophylla T 1 Aristida adoensis H 1 1 Asparagus africanus H 1 1 1 Asparagus falcatus H 1 Aspilia africana H 1 1 Asplenium abyssinica H 1 Asystasia gangetica H 1 1 1 1 1 Asystasia schimperi H 1 1 1 Balanites aegyptiaca T 1 Baphia multiflora T 1 Barkheya spekeana H 1 Barleria dentata H 1 Belonophora glomerata T 1 Bidens grantii H W 1 1 1 Bidens pilosa H W 1 1 1 1 1 Biophytum petersiana H 1 1 1 Blepharis linarifolia H 1 Bosqueia phoberos T 1 Boswellia neglecta T 1 Bothriochloa bladhii H 1 Bothriochloa insculpta H 1 1 Brachiaria brizantha H 1 1 1 Brachiaria comata H 1 1 Brachiaria decumbens H 1 1 1 1 1 Brachiaria jubata H 1 1 Brachiaria platynota H 1 Brachiaria scalaris H 1 Bulbostylis boeckeriana H 1 1 Caesalpinia decapetala S 1 1 Canthium lactescens S 1 Canthium vulgaris S 1 Capparis erythrocarpos S 1 Capparis fascicularis S 1 Capparis sepiaria S 1 Capparis tomentosa S 1 1 Carica papaya T C 1 1 Carissa edulis S 1 1 Casearia battiscombei T 1 Cassia bicapsularis S 1

Gra

ssla

nd

SPECIES



SPECIES LF C/W Woo

dlan

d

Gra

ssla

nd

Cul

tivat

ion

Woo

dlan

d

Gra

ssla

nd

Cul

tivat

ion

Gra

ssla

nd

Cul

tivat

ion

Cassia hildebrandtii H 1 Cassia mimosoides H 1 1 1 1 Celosia trigyna H 1 1 Centella asiatica H 1 Ceratophyllum demersum H 1 Chaetacme aristata S 1 Chloris gayana H 1 1 1 Chloris pycnothrix H 1 Chloris virgata H 1 1 1 Cissampelos mucronata H 1 1 1 Cissus quadrangularis H 1 1 Clausena anisata T 1 1 Clerodendrum rotundifolium S 1 Clutia abyssinica H 1 Coccinia grandis H 1 Coffea canephora S C 1 Coffea eugenioides S 1 Coleus comosus H 1 1 Combretum molle T 1 Combretum paniculatum T 1 Commelina africana H 1 1 1 1 1 1 Commelina arrecta H 1 1 1 Commelina benghalensis H 1 1 1 1 Commelina latifolia H 1 1 Commelina reptans H 1 1 Commicarpus plumbagineus H 1 Commiphora africana T 1 Conyza floribunda H 1 1 1 1 1 Cordia africana T 1 Crabbea velutina H 1 1 1 Craibia brownii T 1 Crassocephalum bojeri H 1 Crassocephalum crepidioides H 1 1 1 1 1 Crassocephalum gracile H 1 Craterostigma hirsutum H 1 1 Crotalaria cephalotes H 1 Crotalaria incana H 1 1 Crotalaria lanceolata H 1 Crotalaria linearifolia H 1 Crotalaria spinosa H 1 Croton macrostachyus T 1 Ctenium somalense H 1 1 Cyanotis caespitosa H 1 1 Cyanotis foecunda H 1 1 1



LF C/W Woo

dlan

d

Cul

tivat

ion

Woo

dlan

d

Gra

ssla

nd

Cul

tivat

ion

Gra

ssla

nd

Cul

tivat

ion

Cyathula prostrata H 1 Cyathula uncinulata H 1 Cycnium tubulosum H 1 1 Cymbopogon nardus H 1 1 Cynodon dactylon H 1 1 1 1 1 Cynodon nlemfuensis H 1 Cyperus articulata H 1 1 Cyperus aureo-stramineus H 1 1 Cyperus brevifolius ssp brevifolius H 1 Cyperus dives H 1 Cyperus papyrus H 1 Cyperus rotundus H 1 1 Cyperus teneriffae H 1 Cyphostemma adenocaule H 1 1 Cyphostemma bambuseti H 1 1 Cyphostemma cyphopetalum H 1 1 Cyphostemma orondo H W 1 Desmodium canum H 1 Desmodium triflorum H 1 1 Desmodium velutinum H 1 Dichrostachys cinerea T 1 1 Dicliptera laxata H 1 Dicoma anomala H 1 Dichondra repens H 1 Dicrocephala integrifolia H 1 Digitaria abyssinica H 1 1 1 1 1 Digitaria diagonalis H 1 1 Digitaria longiflora H 1 1 1 Digitaria ternata H 1 1 1 1 1 Digitaria velutina H 1 1 1 1 1 Dodonaea angustifolia S 1 Dombeya burgessiae T 1 1 Dovyalis abyssinica T 1 Dovyalis macrocalyx T 1 Dovyalis engleri T 1 Drimia indica H 1 Drypetes gerrardii T 1 Dyschoriste radicans H 1 1 1 1 1 Echinochloa colona H 1 Echinoncloa pyramidalis H 1 Elephantopus scaber H 1 1 Eleusine africana H 1 1 Eleusine indica H 1 1 Enhydra flactuans H 1

Gra

ssla

nd

SPECIES



LF C/W Woo

dlan

d

Cul

tivat

ion

Woo

dlan

d

Gra

ssla

nd

Cul

tivat

ion

Gra

ssla

nd

Cul

tivat

ion

Eragrostis aspera H W 1 1 Eragrostis exasperata H 1 Eragrostis heteromera H 1 Eragrostis kiwuensis H 1 Eragrostis mildbraedii H 1 Eragrostis olivacea H 1 Eragrostis racemosa H 1 1 1 Eragrostis tenuifolia H 1 1 1 Eriosema chrysadenium H 1 Eriosema laurentii H 1 Eriosema shirense H 1 1 Erlangea marginata H 1 1 Erlangea tomentosa H W 1 Erucastrum arabicum H 1 1 1 Erythrina abyssinica T 1 1 Erythrococca bongensis H 1 1 Erythrococca fischeri H 1 Euclea divinorum S 1 1 Eugenia capensis T 1 Euphorbia candelabrum T 1 1 Euphorbia glomerifera H 1 Euphorbia heterophylla H W 1 1 Euphorbia hirta H W 1 1 Euphorbia inaequilatera H 1 1 1 1 Euphorbia prostrata H W 1 Evolvulus alsinoides H 1 Exotheca abyssinica H 1 1 Falkia obonga H 1 Ficus natalensis T C 1 Ficua trichopoda T 1 Fimbristylis complanata H 1 1 Flacourtia indica T 1 Flueggea virosa S 1 1 1 1 Galinsoga parviflora H 1 1 1 1 Gardenia jovis-tonantis S 1 Gardenia ternifolia T 1 Glycine wightii H 1 Glypheae brevis T 1 Gnaphalium declinatum H 1 Grewia mollis S 1 1 Grewia similis S 1 1 Gynura scandens H 1 1 Harpachne schimperi H 1 Harrisonia abyssinica T 1

Gra

ssla

nd

SPECIES


LMNP Sango Bay area Lake Mburo area

SPECIES LF C/W Woo

dlan

d

Gra

ssla

nd

Cul

tivat

ion

Woo

dlan

d

Gra

ssla

nd

Cul

tivat

ion

Gra

ssla

nd

Helichrysum gerberifolium H 1 1 1 Heteropogon contortus H 1 Hewettia sublobata H 1 Hibiscus aponuera H 1 1 1 Hibiscus cannabinus S 1 Hibiscus diversifolius S 1 Hibiscus fuscus H 1 1 Hoslundia opposita S 1 Hydnora abyssinica H 1 Hygrophila auriculata H 1 1 1 1 Hyparrhenia bracteata H 1 1 Hyparrhenia diplandra H 1 Hyparrhenia filipendula H 1 1 1 1 1 Hyparrhenia rufa H 1 1 1 Hyperthelia disoluta H 1 Hypoestes verticilaris H 1 Hypoxis angustifolia H 1 Hypoxis obtusa H 1 Imperata cylindrica H 1 1 Indigofera arrecta H 1 1 Indigofera atriceps H 1 1 1 Indigofera circinella H 1 1 Indigofera spicata H 1 1 1 1 1 Indigofera spinosa H 1 Ipomoea batatas H 1 Ipomoea cairica H 1 1 Jasminum eminii S 1 Jasminum pauciflorum S 1 Justicia diclipteroides H 1 Justicia exigua H 1 Justicia flava H 1 1 1 Justicia uncinulata H 1 1 Klainedoxa gabonensis S 1 Kyllinga alba H 1 1 1 1 Kyllinga nemoralis H 1 Lactuca capensis H W 1 1 Laggera alata H 1 1 1 Lannea fulva T 1 Lannea schweinfurthii T 1 Lantana camara S 1 1 Lantana trifolia S 1 1 1 1 Leersia hexandra H 1 Leonotis nepetifolia H 1 1 Leptochloa rupestris H 1

Rubaale

Cul

tivat

ion

1



LF C/W Woo

dlan

d

Cul

tivat

ion

Woo

dlan

d

Gra

ssla

nd

Cul

tivat

ion

Gra

ssla

nd

Cul

tivat

ion

Leucas martinicensis H 1 1 1 1 1 Lippia abyssinica S 1 Lippia javanica S 1 Loudetia kagerensis H 1 1 1 1 Loudetia simplex H 1 1 Ludwigia stolonifera H 1 Lycopersicon esculenta H C 1 Maerua subcordata S 1 Mangifera indica T C 1 Manihot esculenta S C 1 1 Mariscus cyperoides H 1 1 1 Markhamia lutea T 1 1 Maytenus heterophylla S 1 1 Maytenus senegalensis S 1 1 Maytenus undata S 1 Melananthera scandens H 1 Melhania ovata H 1 Melinus repens H W 1 1 Microchloa kunthii H 1 1 Microglossa angolensis S 1 1 1 Mimosa pigra H 1 Momordica foetida H 1 Monechma subsessile H 1 1 1 Monodora myristica T 1 Monothecium glandulosum H 1 Mukia maderaspatana H 1 Murdania simplex H 1 Musa paradisiaca T C 1 1 1 Newtonia buchananii T 1 Ocimum basilicum H 1 Ocimum suave S 1 1 1 Oenanthe palustris T 1 Oldenlandia herbacea H 1 1 Oldenlandia pumila H 1 Olea africana T 1 1 Oncoba spinosa S 1 Orthosiphon australis H 1 1 1 Ouratea bukobensis S 1 Oxalis corniculata H 1 1 1 Oxalis latifolia H W 1 Oxygonum sinuatum H W 1 Pachystela brevipes T 1 Panicum atrosanguineum H 1 Panicum maximum H 1 1 1 1 1 1

Gra

ssla

nd

SPECIES



SPECIES LF C/W Woo

dlan

d

Gra

ssla

nd

Cul

tivat

ion

Woo

dlan

d

Gra

ssla

nd

Cul

tivat

ion

Gra

ssla

nd

Panicum porphyrrhizos H 1 1 Panicum repens H 1 Panicum trichocladum H 1 1 1 Pappea capensis T 1 1 Paspalum scrobiculatum H 1 1 1 1 1 1 Paullinia pinnata S 1 1 Pentarrhinum insipidum H 1 Pentas longiflora H 1 Persea americana T C 1 Phaseolus vulgaris H C 1 1 Phoenix reclinata T 1 1 Phyllanthus discoidea S 1 Phyllanthus maderaspatensis H 1 Phyllanthus niururi H 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Phyllanthus nummulariifolius H 1 Phyllanthus ovalifolius S 1 Physalis peruviana H 1 1 Piptadeniastrum africanum T 1 Pistacia aethiopica T 1 Pisum sativa H C 1 Platostoma africanum H 1 Plectranthus barbatus H 1 Plectranthus laxiflorus H 1 Pogononeura biflora H 1 Polygala erioptera H 1 Polygala polygoniflora H 1 1 1 1 Polygala sphenoptera H 1 1 Polygonum pulchrum H 1 Polygonum setosulum H 1 Portulacca oleracea H W 1 Priva cordifolia H 1 Pseudarthria hookeri H 1 Pseudospondias microcarpa T 1 Psychotria kirkii S 1 Psychotria megistosticta S 1 Psychotria punctata S 1 Psychotria succulenta S 1 Psydrax subcordata S 1 Pteridium aquilinum H 1 Pycnospora lutescens H 1 1 Rhus natalensis S 1 1 Rhus vulgaris S 1 Rhynchosia resinosa H 1 1 Rytyginia beniensis S 1

Rubaale

Cul

tivat

ion

1



SPECIES LF C/W Woo

dlan

d

Gra

ssla

nd

Cul

tivat

ion

Woo

dlan

d

Gra

ssla

nd

Cul

tivat

ion

Gra

ssla

nd

Sansevieria nilotica H 1 Schyzachirium platyphyllum H 1 Scolopia rhamniphylla S 1 Scutia myrtina S 1 Senecio discifolius H W 1 Setaria homonyma H 1 1 1 1 Setaria sphacelata H 1 1 1 Sida arcuta S 1 1 Sida cordata S 1 Sida ovata S 1 Sida rhomboidea S 1 1 1 1 1 Smilax anceps H 1 Solanecio mannii T 1 Solanum anguivi S C 1 1 Solanum incanum S W 1 1 1 1 1 Solanum macrocarpon H 1 Solanum tuberosum H C 1 Sonchus oleraceus H 1 1 1 Sorghastrum stipoides H 1 Sorghum arundinaceum H C 1 Spermacoce longiflora H 1 1 1 1 Spermacoce pusilla H 1 Spilanthes mauritiana H 1 1 Sporobolus africanus H 1 Sporobolus festivus H 1 Sporobolus panicoides H 1 1 Sporobolus piliferus H 1 Sporobolus pyramidalis H 1 1 1 1 1 1 Sporobolus stapfianus H 1 1 1 1 Stephania abyssinica H 1 Strychnos aculeata T 1 Stylosanthes fruticosa H 1 1 Tagetes minuta H 1 1 1 1 1 Teclea nobilis T 1 Tephrosia linearis H 1 1 Tephrosia uniflora H 1 Teramnus labialis H 1 1 Teramnus repens H 1 Themeda triandra H 1 1 1 Thunbergia alata H 1 Trifolium baccarinii H 1 Triumfetta annuna S 1 1 1 1 1 1 Triumfetta macrophylla H 1 1 Uncaria africana S 1

Rubaale

Cul

tivat

ion

1



SPECIES LF C/W Woo

dlan

d

Gra

ssla

nd

Cul

tivat

ion

Woo

dlan

d

Gra

ssla

nd

Cul

tivat

ion

Gra

ssla

nd

Uncaria rubrostipulata S 1 Urena lobata S 1 Uvariopsis congensis T 1 Vangueria apiculata S 1 Vangueria madagascariensis T 1 Vernonia amygdalina S 1 Vernonia schweinfurthii H 1 1 1 1 Vernonia smithiana H 1 1 Vigna frutescens H 1 Vigna luteola H 1 1 Vigna membranacea H 1 Vigna parkeri H 1 Vigna unguiculata H 1 Viscum bagashawei H 1 Xymalos monospora S 1 Zaleya pentandra H 1 Zea mays H C 1 Ziziphus abyssinica T 1 Ziziphus mucronata T 1 Zornia pratensis H 1 1 1 Zornia setosa H 1 1 Totals 322 36 39 47 89 40 30 71

Rubaale

Cul

tivat

ion

53


SB AREA LMNP AREA RUBAALE

ATLAS NO SPECIES NAME Britton number RD Sp

ecia

lists

S1 P

hoen

ix s

avan

na

S2 M

arab

igam

bo g

rass

land

S3 A

caci

a w

oodl

and

S4 K

yebe

wes

t cul

tivat

ed

S5 K

yebe

Eas

t cul

tivat

ed

L1 K

igar

ama

hills

L2 R

wam

uhuk

u hi

ll

L3 S

anga

gat

e

L4 K

iribw

a va

lley

L5 R

won

yo N

orth

L6 K

iribw

a cu

ltiva

ted

R1

Rw

ahi h

ill gr

assl

and

R2

Rw

ahi t

erra

ced

culti

vate

d

R3

Rw

ahi l

ower

cul

tivat

ed

R4

Rw

ento

bo h

ill gr

assl

and

R5

Rw

ento

bo lo

wer

gra

ssla

nd

R6

Rw

ento

bo c

ultiv

ated

17 CATTLE EGRET Bubulcus ibis 32 G 0.5 0.6 1.3 0.2 1.6 2.626 BLACK-HEADED HERON Ardea melanocephala 27 w 0.7 1.0 1.3 2.3 0.1 0.328 HAMERKOP Scopus umbretta 42 w 0.5 0.130 OPEN-BILLED STORK Anastomus lamelligerus 43 Aw, G 0.332 ABDIM'S STORK Ciconia abdimii 44 A, G 0.1 0.3 0.139 HADADA Bostrychia hagedash 51 w 0.6 0.3 2.8 1 1.2 2.0 0.5 0.6 2.3 1.2 2.9 3.7 3.3 1.942 SACRED IBIS Threskiornis aethiopica 54 2.5 3.851 SPUR-WINGED GOOSE Plectopterus gambensis 79 W 0.357 YELLOW-BILLED DUCK Anas undulata 72 W 0.273 BLACK-SHOULDERED KITE Elanus caeruleus 142 G 1.875 BLACK KITE Milvus migrans 138 pA 0.3 0.6 0.5 1.1 0.6 1.3 0.776 FISH EAGLE Haliaeetus vocifer 137 W 0.3 1.1 0.3 0.588 BATELEUR Terathopius ecaudatus 101 G 0.190 HARRIER HAWK Polyboroides typus 96 R-VU f 0.1 0.593 AFRICAN MARSH HARRIER Circus ranivorus 95 W 0.3 0.4 0.194 EURASIAN MARSH HARRIER Circus aeruginosus 92 1.1 0.395 GABAR GOSHAWK Micronisus gabar 131 0.298 AFRICAN GOSHAWK Accipiter tachiro 111 0.2

114 AUGUR BUZZARD Buteo rufofuscus 120 0.3119 AFRICAN HAWK EAGLE Hieraaetus spilogaster 128 0.3 0.3 0.8 0.4122 LONG-CRESTED EAGLE Lophaetus occipitalis 130 f 0.2 0.1132 GREY KESTREL Falco ardosiaceus 147 0.1142 HELMETED GUINEAFOWL Numida meleagris 190 G 0.4 1.9 0.6149 RED-WINGED FRANCOLIN Francolinus levaillantii 176 0.2 0.3154 CRESTED FRANCOLIN Francolinus sephaena 182 0.4 1.0155 SCALY FRANCOLIN Francolinus squamatus 184 F 0.2161 RED-NECKED SPURFOWL Francolinus afer 167 0.4 1.6 2.1178 BLACK CRAKE Amaurornis flavirostris 201 W 0.2 0.9185 GREY-CROWNED CRANE Balearica regulorum 194 G 3.4 3.8191 BLACK-BELLIED BUSTARD Eupodotis melanogaster 218 0.3 0.3221 WATTLED PLOVER Vanellus senegallus 248 W 0.1 1.0 0.7 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.1225 SENEGAL PLOVER Vanellus lugubris 246 A, G 0.5248 WOOD-SANDPIPER Tringa glareola 256 0.3 0.3268 GREEN PIGEON Treron calva 358 F 0.3 0.3 0.8 0.1 1.5 1.3270 TAMBOURINE DOVE Turtur tympanistria 357 F 0.4 0.5 0.8271 BLUE-SPOTTED WOOD DOVE Turtur afer 355 f 0.9 3.8 2.6 0.8273 EMERALD-SPOTTED WOOD DOVE Turtur chalcospilos 356 F 2.2 0.7 1.5 4.0 0.5 0.5 0.7281 SPECKLED PIGEON Columba guinea 341 0.2283 RED-EYED DOVE Streptopelia semitorquata 350 f 1.3 2.4 1.3 1.5 1.5 2.7 3.0 3.0 0.5 1.3 1.0 0.8 1.4 4.0286 RING-NECKED DOVE Streptopelia capicola 346 f 1.1 0.3 1.9 1.3 2.7 1.2 3.7 4.2 3.4 0.5 1.0 0.4289 LAUGHING DOVE Streptopelia senegalensis 351 0.1 0.1 0.1 1.4 0.8 2.8 0.1 0.5292 BROWN PARROT Poicephalus meyeri 367 0.2 1.8 2.0 1.1 1.4296 GREAT BLUE TURACO Corythaeola cristata 372 F 0.6302 ROSS'S TURACO Musophaga rossae 377 F 1.5 1.3 1.5 0.5 0.9 2.9 3.5 0.8303 BARE-FACED GO-AWAY BIRD Corythaixoides personata 375 R-RR 0.5 0.2 1.3 1.6 1.1305 EASTERN GREY PLANTAIN EATER Crinifer zonurus 376 3.4 0.5 2.2 0.7 0.3 1.0 1.2 0.4307 LEVAILLANT'S CUCKOO Oxylophus levaillantii 394 Af 0.1 0.3 1.0 2.4 0.6 0.3309 RED-CHESTED CUCKOO Cuculus solitarius 399 AF 1.8 0.9 0.7 2.0 0.9 1.4 1.0 0.5 1.8310 BLACK CUCKOO Cuculus clamosus 396 Af/FF 0.4312 AFRICAN CUCKOO Cuculus gularis 397 A 0.1319 KLAAS' CUCKOO Chrysococcyx klaas 391 f 1.2 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 1.1 0.5 0.8320 DIDRIC CUCKOO Chrysococcyx caprius 388 0.5 3.0 1.6 0.8323 WHITE-BROWED COUCAL Centropus superciliosus 406 2.3 0.5 2.5 2.2 1.0 3.6 2.6 1.6 4.2 1.5 0.9 0.6 2.7326 BLUE-HEADED COUCAL Centropus monachus 404 w 0.5358 PALM SWIFT Cypsiurus parvus 452 0.4362 EURASIAN SWIFT Apus apus 444 P 0.4365 LITTLE SWIFT Apus affinis 443 0.9 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.5368 BLUE-NAPED MOUSEBIRD Urocolius macrourus 461 0.1 0.5 0.8 0.3 3.8 0.2 3.2369 SPECKLED MOUSEBIRD Colius striatus 459 3.1 1.7 1.6 4.3 2.5 2.6 1.3 2.8 3.6 3.5 3.1375 WOODLAND KINGFISHER Halcyon senegalensis 475 A 2.1 1.9 1.8 2.3 0.9376 STRIPED KINGFISHER Halcyon chelicuti 472 0.3 3.0 1.0

Appendix 2. Birds from 17 sites in the three study areas. Data are mean TSC scores for each site where a species was recorded. RD = Red Data species ; R-VU = Regionally vulnerable, R-RR = species of regional responsibility (Bennun & Njoroge 1996) The specialists are forest and forest-related species (FF/F/f) and waterbirds (W/w), both from Wilson (1995); G are grassland specialists (MUIENR, unpublished). A, P: Afrotropical, Palearctic migrants (see text)


378 PYGMY KINGFISHER Ceyx picta 478 fw 0.7 0.2380 MALACHITE KINGFISHER Corythornis cristata 466 W 0.2385 LITTLE BEE-EATER Merops pusillus 491 G 2.0 0.2 0.9 0.3 0.5 1.1 0.2 0.5386 BLUE-BREASTED BEE-EATER Merops variegatus 494 w 1.0 1.1 1.2 0.5 0.4390 WHITE-THROATED BEE-EATER Merops albicollis 479 Af 0.4393 MADAGASCAR BEE-EATER Merops superciliosus 493 A 2.1 0.7 0.2399 LILAC-BREASTED ROLLER Coracias caudata 496 2.0 0.7 0.3 0.3401 BROAD-BILLED ROLLER Eurystomus glaucurus 500 Afw 0.4 0.5 0.2 2.8404 GREEN WOOD HOOPOE Phoeniculus purpureus 508406 BLACK WOOD HOOPOE Phoeniculus aterrimus 505 1.0 0.5419 CROWNED HORNBILL Tockus alboterminatus 515 f 0.9 1.0420 GREY HORNBILL Tockus nasutus 524 0.1 4.6 1.5 0.4 0.3422 BLACK AND WHITE CASQUED HORNBILL Ceratogymna subcylindricus 513 F 0.9 0.4 0.6 3.3 2.1433 YELLOW-FRONTED TINKERBIRD Pogoniulus subsulphureus 549 f 0.3431 YELLOW-RUMPED TINKERBIRD Pogoniulus bilineatus 548 F 2.3 2.5 1.5 0.9 2.9 1.4 0.2 4.0437 SPOTTED-FLANKED BARBET Tricholaema lachrymosa 539 R-RR 0.5 1.8 2.3 1.3 0.5443 DOUBLE-TOOTHED BARBET Lybius bidentatus 534 f 0.6 0.4 0.1 1.5465 NUBIAN WOODPECKER Campethera nubica 583 0.8 0.1 0.6 0.4 0.4473 CARDINAL WOODPECKER Dendropicos fuscescens 585 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.5 0.2474 BEARDED WOODPECKER Dendropicos namaquus 594 f 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.5477 GREY WOODPECKER Dendropicos goertae 590 f 0.5 0.3 0.3487 RUFOUS-NAPED LARK Mirafra africana 612 0.5 1.8 0.8 2.4 3.8 3.2 0.4489 FLAPPET LARK Mirafra rufocinnamomea 621 G 0.9 1.8 2.8 0.5498 WHITE-HEADED ROUGHWING Psalidoprocne albiceps 639 f 0.2 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.2500 SAND MARTIN Riparia riparia 643 PW 0.2 0.3504 MOSQUE SWALLOW Hirundo senegalensis 636 0.5 0.5505 STRIPED SWALLOW Hirundo abyssinica 624 1.4 0.8 0.2 0.5512 ANGOLA SWALLOW Hirundo angolensis 627 w 2.3 1.5 1.6 3.4 1.7 1.1 0.7 0.3 2.1 0.6 1.3 0.6 0.8513 EURASIAN SWALLOW Hirundo rustica 634 Pw 0.3 0.9 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.1 0.1515 YELLOW WAGTAIL Motacilla flava 996 Pw, G 1.3 1.8 0.5 0.2 0.5 3.4 0.5 4.6 2.7 0.4520 AFRICAN PIED WAGTAIL Motacilla aguimp 991 w 0.3 1.5 0.4 0.5 1.2 0.9 2.2 1.7 1.2 0.8522 RICHARD'S PIPIT Anthus novaeseelandiae 981 G 0.2 0.8 2.8 0.4 4.8 3.2 0.3529 YELLOW-THROATED LONGCLAW Macronyx croceus 988 G 4.5 4.2 0.6 0.5 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.4 0.4 1.8 0.5 0.1 3.1 2.5 0.5538 LITTLE GREENBUL Andropadus virens 705 F 1.9 0.5541 SLENDER-BILLED GREENBUL Andropadus gracilirostris 698 FF 0.1542 YELLOW-WHISKERED GREENBUL Andropadus latirostris 701 F 0.5547 YELLOW-THROATED LEAFLOVE Chlorocichla flavicollis 709 f 0.5562 COMMON BULBUL Pycnonotus barbatus 732 f 4.1 0.9 3.8 4.8 4.0 2.8 4.6 2.5 1.8 4.9 3.8 3.6 2.9 3.2 0.3 5.2576 WHITE-BROWED ROBIN CHAT Cossypha heuglini 751 f 1.4 0.3 0.5 0.6 2.6 1.6 1.0 1.3 2.1 2.7 0.1 0.3 3.0588 BROWN-BACKED SCRUB ROBIN Cercotrichas hartlaubi 743 f 0.7592 STONECHAT Saxicola torquata 784 4.3 3.4 1.0 0.4 0.3 1.9 1.3 0.5593 WHINCHAT Saxicola rubetra 783 P 0.5 1.6 1.8 0.6599 RED-TAILED CHAT Cercomela familiaris 738 0.3 2.7 0.9 0.4601 SOOTY CHAT Myrmecocichla nigra 771 0.1 0.8 1.4 1.9612 AFRICAN THRUSH Turdus pelios 801 f 1.3 0.5 2.8 2.4 0.9 0.5 1.3 3.7 0.6 2.2 0.4 3.2621 MOUSTACHED WARBLER Melocichla mentalis 915 1.5 0.9 1.2 0.4 0.1632 YELLOW WARBLER Chloropeta natalensis 843 w 0.1635 OLIVACEOUS WARBLER Hippolais pallida 888 P 0.9 0.4638 RED-FACED CISTICOLA Cisticola erythrops 857 w 2.8 2.0 0.8 1.0 0.4 0.5 1.8 0.7 0.9 1.3 2.5 2.8 4.0641 TRILLING CISTICOLA Cisticola woosnami 873 0.5 0.4 4.1 4.2 4.4 3.9 1.3 1.4 1.3 0.3642 CHUBB'S CISTICOLA Cisticola chubbi 855 Fw 1.9645 RATTLING CISTICOLA Cisticola chiniana 854 0.4 0.5647 WINDING CISTICOLA Cisticola galactotes 860 w 2.3 1.4 0.3 0.4649 STOUT CISTICOLA Cisticola robustus 869 0.4650 CROAKING CISTICOLA Cisticola natalensis 866 G 0.4 0.3 0.9 0.2652 SIFFLING CISTICOLA Cisticola brachypterus 850 0.4658 TAWNY-FLANKED PRINIA Prinia subflava 913 fw 2.0 0.9 0.5 2.1 1.8 1.2 0.4 1.1 0.9 2.5 0.4 1.9 0.6 0.2 0.4 4.1662 WHITE-CHINNED PRINIA Schistolais leucopogon 911 F 0.5664 BUFF-BELLIED WARBLER Phyllolais pulchella 902 f 0.1 0.4 0.4667 YELLOW-BREASTED APALIS Apalis flavida 818 f 0.4 0.1677 GREY-BACKED CAMAROPTERA Camaroptera brachyura 837 f 1.5 5.4 0.6 3.3 4.1 1.2 0.8 0.9 1.5 0.5691 RED-FACED CROMBEC Sylvietta whytii 925 f 0.1695 WILLOW WARBLER Phylloscopus trochilus 908 Pf 0.1 0.6 0.3701 GREY-CAPPED WARBLER Eminia lepida 875 R-RR P 1.4 1.0 2.1 0.3703 GARDEN WARBLER Sylvia borin 918 Pf 0.3717 SPOTTED FLYCATCHER Muscicapa striata 945 P 0.2 0.9 0.2719 ASHY FLYCATCHER Muscicapa caerulescens 938 F 0.4 0.5 0.5


720 SWAMP FLYCATCHER Muscicapa aquatica 937 W 0.5723 DUSKY FLYCATCHER Muscicapa adusta 936 F 0.5728 LEAD-COLOURED FLYCATCHER Myioparus plumbeus 946 f 0.6 0.5732 BLUE FLYCATCHER Elminia longicauda 963 f 0.6 0.3739 PARADISE FLYCATCHER Terpsiphone viridis 968 f 0.8 1.1 0.9 1.0 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.3742 BLACK AND WHITE FLYCATCHER Bias musicus 955 f 1.8746 WATTLE-EYE Platysteira cyanea 960 f 2.3 0.3 2.7 1.0749 CHIN-SPOT BATIS Batis molitor 951 f 1.2 0.5 0.8 0.1751 BLACK-HEADED BATIS Batis minor 949 f 0.5764 BLACK-LORED BABBLER Turdoides melanops 683 R-RR 5.3 0.9 0.3 0.5 1.8 1.2 2.2 0.7 0.3771 BLACK TIT Parus leucomelas 666 f 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.9 0.5781 GREEN-HEADED SUNBIRD Cyanomitra verticalis 1130 F 0.5 0.3787 SCARLET-CHESTED SUNBIRD Chalcomitra senegalensis 1122 f 0.1 0.8 1.3 0.5 0.7 1.1 1.7 0.2 1.5 3.0 0.2 0.8 0.6790 BRONZE SUNBIRD Nectarinia kilimensis 1103 f 0.3 0.5 0.3 4.2 3.1 0.5794 COLLARED SUNBIRD Hedydipna collaris 1080 F 0.5 0.1 0.7796 OLIVE-BELLIED SUNBIRD Cinnyris chloropygia 1094 F 0.6802 MARIQUA SUNBIRD Cinnyris mariquensis 1107 0.5 0.5 1.1 1.3 1.0 0.3 0.5 1.2 1.2 0.7 0.7 0.2 1.6 1.2 0.5 2.0808 VARIABLE SUNBIRD Cinnyris venusta 1128 f 0.2 0.1 1.0 0.5 0.5 4.0 0.6 0.5810 COPPER SUNBIRD Cinnyris cuprea 1096 fw 0.9 0.9 0.4 0.2 0.3811 YELLOW WHITE EYE Zosterops senegalensis 1133 f 0.3812 FISCAL Lanius collaris 1029 G 2.0 0.1 0.8 2.9 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.1 3.3 3.2 0.9 2.0 1.1 3.2815 GREY-BACKED FISCAL Lanius excubitoroides 1032 Afw 2.0 1.5 2.5 2.2 0.5 3.5 4.1 0.4 1.9 0.6 1.9 1.9818 RED-BACKED SHRIKE Lanius collurio 1030 P 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.8828 SULPHUR-BREASTED BUSH SHRIKE Malaconotus sulfureopectus 1019 f 1.2 0.5 0.5 2.3 1.2 0.9831 BROWN-HEADED TCHAGRA Tchagra australis 1022 0.8 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.5833 BLACK-HEADED TCHAGRA Tchagra senegala 1025 0.4 0.3 0.8 1.9 0.4 0.2 0.2 1.5841 TROPICAL BOUBOU Laniarius ferrugineus 1004 f 0.8 3.8 1.8 0.4 1.8 4.2 2.3 4.1 0.9 0.5 0.5843 BLACK-HEADED GONOLEK Laniarius barbarus 1003 f 4.1 1.4 1.3 4.6 2.9 2.3 0.3850 BLACK-HEADED ORIOLE Oriolus larvatus 649 f 0.2 0.3 1.9 3.8 0.4853 DRONGO Dicrurus adsimilis 644 f/F 0.3 1.2 1.3 1.9 1.8 1.0855 PIED CROW Corvus albus 654 2.3 3.3 4.3 3.0 3.4 1.6857 WHITE-NECKED RAVEN Corvus albicollis 653 1.1869 BLUE-EARED GLOSSY STARLING Lamprotornis chalybaeus 1055 0.5 0.2871 SPLENDID GLOSSY STARLING Lamprotornis splendidus 1061 F 1.3 0.9 0.5 0.4 1.3 1.5872 RUPPELL'S LONG-TAILED GLOSSY STARLING Lamprotornis purpuropter1060 3.9 0.5 1.8 1.4 0.9 1.6 4.0 5.7 5.4 4.1 1.0876 VIOLET-BACKED STARLING Cinnyricinclus leucogaster 1048 Af 0.3 1.6881 GREY-HEADED SPARROW Passer griseus 1206 0.2 2.6 3.8 0.3 1.7 1.7 4.3 0.6 2.1893 BAGLAFECHT WEAVER Ploceus baglafecht 1159 f 0.3 1.1 1.8 0.1 0.5 1.3 1.5 1.0 1.2 3.5 4.3 4.1 0.2 2.3894 SLENDER-BILLED WEAVER Ploceus pelzelni 1179 fW 0.1 1.4896 BLACK-NECKED WEAVER Ploceus nigricollis 1176 f 0.3 0.6897 SPECTACLED WEAVER Ploceus ocularis 1177 f 0.8 1.0900 HOLUB'S GOLDEN WEAVER Ploceus xanthops 1189 w 0.5 1.7 0.3 0.1 0.1907 VIEILLOT'S BLACK WEAVER Ploceus nigerrimus 1175 f 0.6 0.1 1.0 1.7 1.5908 BLACK-HEADED WEAVER Ploceus cucullatus 1165 0.5 0.8 0.4 2.5 2.4 0.2 0.9 3.0 3.5 2.8 0.2 0.3 4.6909 WEYNS' WEAVER Ploceus weynsi 1188 R-VU F 0.2915 COMPACT WEAVER Ploceus superciliosus 1184 fw 0.3923 CARDINAL QUELEA Quelea cardinalis 1191 0.4 0.5924 RED-HEADED QUELEA Quelea erythrops 1192 0.5925 RED-BILLED QUELEA Quelea quelea 1193 A 0.3 0.1 2.1 0.9 1.8 0.2 0.7929 SOUTHERN RED BISHOP Euplectes orix 1150 G 0.7 0.5 1.3 1.9 3.5 2.7931 YELLOW BISHOP Euplectes capensis 1141 G 2.1 0.2 2.0 0.5932 FAN-TAILED WIDOWBIRD Euplectes axillaris 1140 w 5.2 4.9 0.2 1.3 0.3 1.6 2.5933 YELLOW-MANTLED WIDOWBIRD Euplectes macrourus 1148 G 0.8934 WHITE-WINGED WIDOWBIRD Euplectes albonotatus 1138 G 0.5 0.4937 GROSBEAK WEAVER Amblyospiza albifrons 1134 fW 0.1959 RED-BILLED FIREFINCH Lagonosticta senegala 1241 0.8 1.2 0.3 1.1 0.3 0.1 3.8 3.6966 FAWN-BREASTED WAXBILL Estrilda paludicola 1231 0.1967 CRIMSON-RUMPED WAXBILL Estrilda rhodopyga 1233 0.5969 WAXBILL Estrilda astrild 1226 w, G 2.5 0.3 0.5 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.8970 BLACK-CROWNED WAXBILL Estrilda nonnula 1230 f 0.5 0.6 3.3 2.0971 BLACK-HEADED WAXBILL Estrilda atricapilla 1227 F 0.4 0.6 0.6972 BLACK-FACED WAXBILL Estrilda erythronotus 1228 0.3 0.3974 RED-CHEEKED CORDON-BLEU Uraeginthus bengalus 1261 0.6 1.0 0.5978 BLACK-CHINNED QUAILFINCH Ortygospiza gabonensis 1250 w, G 0.4 0.6980 BRONZE MANNIKIN Lonchura cucullata 1266 0.4 0.3 0.4 3.7 2.8 1.6 0.2 0.3 1.9 0.8 3.1 4.9 0.2 0.2 1.4981 BLACK AND WHITE MANNIKIN Lonchura bicolor 1265 f 0.7 0.5 0.3 0.9 1.1985 PIN-TAILED WHYDAH Vidua macroura 1216 G 1.7 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.6 0.2 0.8 0.7991 AFRICAN CITRIL Serinus citrinelloides 1283 f 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.7994 YELLOW-RUMPED SEED-EATER Serinus atrogularis 1280 0.4 0.8995 YELLOW-FRONTED CANARY Serinus mozambicus 1290 0.4 1.9 1.2 1.8 1.1 0.3 1.5 1.7 0.9 0.6 0.2 1.5997 BRIMSTONE CANARY Serinus sulphuratus 1293 0.2 1.0 2.0

1003 CINNAMON-BREASTED ROCK BUNTING Emberiza tahapisi 1278 2.3 0.8 1.01005 GOLDEN-BREASTED BUNTING Emberiza flaviventris 1273 0.5 1.5 0.2

Forest and tree species FF 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

F 4 2 14 9 5 1 6 7 6 6 3 1 4 3 1 1 0

f 25 12 34 20 21 13 19 21 25 24 17 11 18 14 10 6 17

Grassland species G 6 9 4 5 3 6 7 7 6 2 4 7 10 7 8 10 8

Migrants A 2 4 5 2 1 3 7 7 6 9 3 2 3 2 3 3 1

P 4 4 6 2 1 4 2 0 0 5 0 1 2 1 3 3 3

Red Data species R-VU 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0Spec

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