linear algebra
TRANSCRIPT
SINGULAR & NON SINGULAR MATRICES
APPLIED LINEAR ALGEBRA – MATH 505
PRESENTER: SHAIKH TAUQEER AHMED STUDENT NUMBER# 433108347
SUBMITTED TO: DR. RIWZAN BUTT
PRESENTATION SCHEME
• Importance.• Definition.• Example of Singular Matrices.• Example of Non Singular Matrices.• Comparison
Importance
•By finding the given Matrix is Singular or Non-Singular we can determine weather the given system of linear equation has Unique Solution, No Solution or Infinitely Many Solutions.
DefinitionSingular Matrix:•If the determinant of a square matrix A is equal to zero then the matrix is said to be singular..
•The determinant is often used to find if a matrix is invertible . If the determinant of a square matrix is equal to zero, the matrix is not invertible, i.e., A-1 does not exist.
•For Example:
∴ Matrix A is Not invertible
014222412
AA
Example of Singular Matrix
• If one row of an n x n square matrix is filled entirely with zeros, the determinant of that matrix is equal to zero. • For Example:
004020012
AA
Example of Singular Matrix
• If two rows of a square matrix are equal or proportional to each other then the determinant of that matrix is equal to zero• Example of two rows equal:
• Example of two rows proportional:
012121212
AA
014222412
AA
Example of Singular Matrix
• A strictly upper triangular matrix is an upper triangular matrix having 0s along the diagonal as well as the lower portion.
• A strictly lower triangular matrix is a lower triangular matrix having 0s along the diagonal as well as the upper portion.
000
322300113120
nanaanaaa
U
021
023130012000
nana
aaa
L
Example of Singular Matrix• If any of the eigen values of A is zero, then A is singular
because
Det (A)=Product of Eigen Values
Let our nxn matrix be called A and let k stand for the eigen value. To find eigen values we solve the equation det(A-kI)=0
where I is the nxn identity matrix.
Assume that k=0 is an eigen value. Notice that if we plug zero into this
equation for k, we just get det(A)=0. This means the matrix is singluar
DefinitionNon-Singular Matrix:•If the determinant of a square matrix A is not equal to zero then the matrix is said to be Non-Singular..
•The determinant is often used to find if a matrix is invertible . If the determinant of a square matrix is not equal to zero, the matrix is invertible, i.e. A-1 exist.
•For Example:
∴ Matrix A is invertible
131592
9512
AA
EXAMPLE OF NON SINGULAR MATRIX
• A real symmetric matrix A is positive definite , if there exists a real non singular matrix such that
• A= M MT were MT is transpose
1101
,1011
,1001
EXAMPLE OF NON SINGULAR MATRIX
• A is called strictly diagonally dominant if
• For example
ij ijii AA
650153027
A
ComparisonNon Singular Singular
A is Invertible Non Invertible
Det(A) ≠0 =0
Ax=0 One solution x=0 Infinitely many solution
Ax=b One solution No solution or Infinitely many solution
A has Full rank r=n Rank r<n
Eigen Value All Eigen value are non-zero Zero is an Eigen value of A
AT A Is symmetric positive definite Is only semi-definite