light, color and improved color quality possibilities with led
TRANSCRIPT
Presenter: Eric Haugaard, Cree LED Lighting
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continuing professional education. As such, it does
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manner of
handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any
material or product.
___________________________________________
Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will
be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.
Through the ongoing advancements of LED technology, the
possibility to provide improved color quality performance and
value to the application space has never been greater. This
presentation will address the aspects of color science and the
various light source technologies used for general illumination,
with a strong focus on Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs). Included
will be a review of the most widely adopted methods and
metrics for describing all aspects of color quality and
performance for general illumination solutions. Examples
illustrating the current and future possibilities for accurately
predicting color quality performance and value in the general
illumination space will be discussed.
1. Exploring Light in Nature vs Man Made Light.
2. Light Source Science – LED and Traditional Technologies, A look
into the Future With LED
3. Understanding Object Color and the Importance of Broad Spectrum
Sources.
4. Challenges in Quantifying Color Quality
5. Meeting Color Quality Expectations in the Application Space
Light – What is it made of?
Light is made of waves (technically: electromagnetic waves of radiant energy)
very small waves…
Lights wavelength is measured in
billionths of a meter, nanometer (nm)
UV, Infrared (IR) heat, cell phone radio
waves, X-rays are the same waves…
just longer or shorter
Visible Light is wavelengths between
380nm and 780nm
• Different Wavelengths = Different Colors Light comes in different colors, spread across the rainbow of hues we
call the visible spectrum.
Red waves are the longest, purple the shortest
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Blue Green Red
Visible Light
How Do Humans “See” Color?
• The eye contains cones and rods - cones are color sensitive and used for high light level vision (photopic) , rods are for night vision (scotopic)
• Three types of cones – long, medium and short .. Sensitive to red, green and blue areas of the visual spectrum
• Cones are concentrated in high density in fovea, Rods are spread across a much larger area inside the eye
Sunlight
Twilight
Starlight
Color Intensity Perception
White light consists of many colors
mixed together
Natural White Light (such as
sunlight) consists of a continuous
spectrum of all colors
Wavelength
Power
Relative Human Eye Sensitivity
The Human Eye Response Curve
555 nm Peak
13 1931 CIE Chromaticity Diagram
1976 CIE Chromaticity Diagram
How It Works
• Monochromatic (“high Saturation”) colors are on the outside edge of the diagram
“The Spectral Locus”
• All combinations of colors are on the inside, with white colors in the middle
14 1931 CIE Chromaticity Diagram
Red
Green
Blue
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Steel @ 1500K Warm White
B type star >11,000K Cool White
Noon time sun @ ~ 6000K Cool White
Blackbody Radiation
Tungsten @ 2700K Warm White
1931 CIE Chromaticity Diagram
Color Gamut
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Blue + Yellow Phosphor
Blue Peak
Yellow Phosphor
CIE 1931 Color Space
CIE 1931 Color Space
White Light for General Illumination
Creating White Light
WHITE LIGHT
LIGHT EMITTING DIODE
Epitaxial Layer
Substrate
LIGHT EMITTING DIODE
LED Package
Blue + Phosphor Generating White Light with LEDs
Phosphor
Blue LED
Spectral Power Distribution
Daylight Incandescent
Phosphor Converted LEDs
Spectral Power Distribution Phosphor Converted LEDs
Metal Halide Fluorescent
Phosphor Converted LEDs
Precise Color Tuning
31 Precise Color Tuning
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• Even with the two source method choices abound
• Here is a system that starts and ends on the BBC
6500K
2700K
2700 Tc(K)
6500
Two Source White Color Tuning
Credit: Finelite, Inc.
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• Here is a system that starts above the Black Body Curve and ends
below it
6500K
2700K
2700 Tc(K)
6500
Two Source White Color Tuning
Credit: Finelite, Inc.
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• Customer acceptance will determine which two source White Color
Systems provides the best value
6500K
2700K
2700 Tc(K)
6500
Two Source White Color Tuning
Credit: Finelite, Inc.
Comparing Spectral Power Distribution
Incan-descent
Daylight
3000 K 3000 K
Color Rendering
Color Rendering Index (CRI) – A quantitative measure of the ability of a light source to reproduce
the colors of various objects faithfully in comparison with an ideal or natural light source
– Ranges from 0 (poor) to 100 (excellent)
Object Color
Spectrum
Object Color
Vision
Object Color
Color Rendering Index
Daylight In general terms, CRI (Ra) is a measure of a light source's ability to show object colors "realistically" or "naturally" compared to a familiar reference source, either incandescent light or daylight.
None of the 8 test colors used to calculate CRI are saturated. So, CRI is a poor measure for indicating how well a light source illuminates saturated colors. Even with a high CRI (Ra), color rendering of saturated colors can be poor.
CRI With Expanded Ra
Example
Color Rendering Index – R9
U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Comments:
0 100 75 50
Poor Good Very good Excellent
Color Like Nature Meant it to Be!
This produce may appear
reasonable under a broader
color spectrum source.
Why is full spectrum color important?
What would you expect to happen
under a Low Pressure Sodium lamp?
Color Contrast
LPS LED
Color Contrast
What’s the Value of
Exceptional Color Quality?
52 Good CRI and Red Color Rendition is Important
For Illustrative Purposes Only
Images: Courtesy GE Lighting
53
For Illustrative Purposes Only
Good CRI and Red Color Rendition is Important
Different Colors…
Should Look Different
Help People
Look Their Best
Tunable Fitting Room Lighting
Photo Credit; Lux Magazine
Published in March 2015 Collaborative paper between CLTC, University of British Columbia and the National Research Council of Canada.
High Color Rendering Can Enable Better Vision
without Requiring More Power
Dim-to-Warm Solutions
EXAMPLE:
• Follows above curve from 2700K to 1800K
• At 1800K, similar color to candle light,
sunset, and sunrise
• High CRI throughout dimming
• Color changes naturally just as an incandescent lamp
Seeing is Believing…
Seeing is Believing…
LED Metal Halide
830W 3,070W
Daylight at Night?
Metal Halide 4000K ~65 CRI
R9 <0
LED 5000K 90+ CRI
R9 50+
64 400W Metal Halide
65 LED Solution
67 “Lighting Class” LED Devices
68 Color Stability
Blue Shift
Green Shift Yellow Shift
69 Long Term Color Point Stability
This is poor color consistency…
Typical Fluorescent and Metal Halide Challenges
Greater Possibilities With LED Solutions
70
71
New Color Rendering Metrics are Being Explored (IESNA TM-30-15)
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Credit: Royer, US DOE
73
Credit: Royer, US DOE
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Credit: Royer, US DOE
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Credit: Royer, US DOE
Presenter: Eric Haugaard, Cree LED Lighting
This concludes The American Institute of Architects
Continuing Education Systems Course